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虚拟语气详解(自用版)
虚拟语气是一项语法难点,
为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,
我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨
论:
1
.名词从句中的虚拟语气
标志词
+should+
动词原形
2
.
条件从
句中的虚拟语气
①
三种基本态
②
倒装虚拟句
③
混时虚拟句
④
含蓄虚拟句
⑤
跳层虚拟句
p>
3
.其它情形中的虚拟语气(
wish/w
ould rather/It’s high time…/If
only…/lest
)
p>
一.三种基本形态(
1
)
< br>
表虚拟的时间
if
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
现在:
did / were
would (should, might, could)+do
过去:
had done/ had
been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
将来:
were to/ should+do would (should,
might, could)+do
三种基
本形态(
2
)
(这是基础,建议牢记下
面的例句,争取能脱口而出)
与现在事实相反:
If I had enough
money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反:
If I had had enough
money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反:
If I were to have
enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would
buy a book.
二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去
p>
/
将来事实相反,省去
if
,只有三种倒装形式)
Had
I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough
money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy
a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)
(
对过去事实虚拟
< br>+
对现在事实虚拟
)
If I had studied English at school, I
could read the English novel now.
p>
(
对现在事实虚拟
+
对过去事实虚拟
)
If
she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made
such a mistake.
四、含
蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)
3.
虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型
“It
is
important
(necessar
y,
strange,
natural
等
)
that...”
中,
that
后面的从句中的谓语动词用
(should) +
动词原形。
It's necessary
that we should have a walk now.
我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would
not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time
that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able
to finish the test.
五、<
/p>
跳层虚拟句
(即句子一半为虚拟,
另一半
为陈述语气;
but
前句用虚拟而
or
/otherwise
后句用虚拟)
(but)
He
would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much.
(
与现在事实相反
)
He would have put on weight, but he
didn't eat much. (
与过去事实相反
)
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the
article, or I would show it to you now.
(
与现在事实相反
)
Mary couldn't have received my letter,
otherwise she would have replied before now.
(
与过去
事实相反
)
六、名词从句虚拟语气
(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand,
decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose,
require,
recommend, request, suggest, u
rge
等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,
谓语动词用
(should)+
动词原形
, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go
tomorrow.
名词从
句虚拟语气
(2) It is +(
形容词
/<
/p>
过去分词
/
特定名词
)+that
的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重
要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词:
astonishing, amazing,
advisable, appropriate, crucial,
desirable,
essential,
important,
imperative,
keen,
necessary,
natural,
normal,
odd,
proper,
preferable, strange, sorry, shocked,
surprising, urgent, unusual,
vital
等。名词从句虚拟语气
(3)
过去分词:
decided, desired,
demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggest
ed
等
;
名词:
advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion,
motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference,
proposal, recommendation, requirement,
idea, order
等
七、其它虚拟语气
Wish…
I
wish I knew the
answer.(
与现在事实相反
)
I
wish I had known the answer.
(
与过去事实相反
)
I wish you would shut up.
(
与将来事实相反
)
If only…
If
only I were taller.
(
与现在事实相反
)
If
only he had followed your advice!
(
与过去事实相反
)
If only the rain would stop.
(
与将来事实相反
)
It is (high/about) time…
It is time you thought about your
future.
would rather…
I would rather you didn’t
speak rudely to
her.
(
与现在事实相反
)
I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to
her. (
与过去事实相反
)
Lest…, in case…, for fear that…
< br>(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点
(
名词从句虚
拟
)
,
这是因它们答案特征相同,即<
/p>
(should)+
动词原形。
eg.
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