-
Chapter
3
：
Morphology
I. Decide whether each of the following
statements is True or False:
1. Morphology studies the internal
structure of words and the rules by which words
are formed.
are the
smallest meaningful units of language.
3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit
in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the
basic unit in the study of morphology.
4. The smallest meaningful units that
can be used freely all by themselves are free
morphemes.
5. Bound
morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.
6. Inflectional morphemes manifest
various grammatical relations or grammatical
categories such as number, tense,
degree, and case.
7. The existing form
to which a derivational affix can be added is
called a stem, which
can be a bound
root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.
8. Prefixes usually modify the part of
speech of the original word, not the meaning of
it.
9. There are rules that
govern which affix can be added to what type of
stem to form a
new word. Therefore,
words formed according to the morphological rules
are
acceptable words.
10.
Phonetically, the stress of a compound always
falls on the first element, while the
second element receives secondary
stress.
II. Fill in each blank below
with one word which begins with the letter given:
11. M ____ is the smallest
meaningful unit of language.
12. The affix
“
-
ish” in the word boyish
conveys a g____ meaning.
13. B___________ morphemes are those
that cannot be used independently but have
to be combined with other morphemes,
either free or bound, to form a word.
14. Affixes are of two
types: inflectional affixes and d__________
affixes.
15. D________ affixes are
added to an existing form to create words.
16. A s______ is added to the end of
stems to modify the meaning of the original
word and it may case change its part of
speech.
17. C__________ is the
combination of two or sometimes more than two
words to
create new words.
18. The rules that govern which affix
can be added to what type of stem to form a new
word are called m___________ rules.
19. In terms of morphemic analysis,
d_______________ can be viewed as the
addition of affixes to stems to form
new words.
20. A s______ can be a bound
root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to
which a derivational affix can be
added.
III. There are four choices
following each statement. Mark the choice that can
best
complete the statement:
21. The morpheme “vision”
in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.
A. bound morpheme B. bound
form
C. inflectional
morpheme
D. free morpheme
22. The compound word “bookstore” is
the place where books are sold. This indicates
that the meaning of a compound
__________.
A. is the sum total of the
meaning of its components
B. can always
be worked out by looking at the meanings of
morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning
of a free phrase.
D. None of the above.
23. The part of speech of the compounds
is generally determined by the part of speech
of __________.
A. the first
element
B. the
second element
C. either the first or the second
element
D. both the first and the
second elements.
24. _______ are those
that cannot be used independently but have to be
combined
with other morphemes, either
free or bound, to form a word.
A. Free
morphemes
B. Bound
morphemes
C. Bound words
D. Words
25.
_________ is a branch of grammar which studies the
internal structure of words
and the
rules by which words are formed.
A.
Syntax
r
C. Morphology
D. Morpheme
26. The meaning carried by the
inflectional morpheme is _______.
A. lexical
B. morphemic
C. grammatical
D. semantic
27. Bound morphemes are
those that ___________.
A.
have to be used independently
B. can
not be combined with other morphemes
C. can either be free or bound
D. have to be combined with
other morphemes.
28. ____
modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not
change the part of speech
of the
original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
29. _________ are often
thought to be the smallest meaningful units of
language by
the linguists.
A. Words
B. Morphemes
C. Phonemes
D. Sentences
30.
“
-
s” in the word “books” is
_______.
A. a derivative
affix
B. a stem
C. an inflectional affix
D. a root
IV. Define the following
terms:
31. morphology
32.
inflectional morphology
33.
derivational morphology
34. morpheme 35. free morpheme
36. bound
morpheme
37.
root
38.
affix
39. prefix
40. suffix
41. derivation
42. Compounding
V. Answer the following questions:
43.
What are the main features of the English
compounds
44. Discuss the
types of morphemes with examples.
45. In deriving new words via a prefix
such as
“ mis
-
”
，
there seems to be some
constraint on what is permitted. The
words in the first column below are acceptable
formations, but the forms in the other
columns are not. Work out what the rule(s)
might be for making new adjectives with
the prefix
“
mis
-
”
.
misadventure
*mishappy
*
mismilk
misdudgement
*mismeal
* missad
misplaced
*misglad
*misword
mistrustful
*misrole
*miscrazy
46. Label the morphological category of
the morpheme underlined in each of the
English expressions.
(a) I
’
ve been
here.
(b) transform
(c) oxen
(d) recur
47.
Each of the following Persian words is
polymorphemic. You are required to match
each of the notions given below with a
morpheme in Persian. (Note that
xar
means
“
buy
”
and
–
id disignates the past
tense).
xaridi
You(sg.) bought.
naxaridam
I
did not buy.
namixaridand
They were not buying.
xarid
He bought.