2016年上海高考英语试题及答案解析

2016

年普通高等学校招生全国统 一考试（上海卷）

英语试卷

考生注意：

1.

考试时间

120

分钟

,

试卷满分

分。

2.

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。 试卷分为第

I

卷（第

1

－

12

页）和第

II

卷（第

13

页）

，全卷 共

13

页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题） 或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题 前

,

务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名

,

并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上

,

在答题纸反而清楚地填

写姓名。

第

I

卷

(

共< /p>

103

分

)

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions:

In

Section

A,

you

will

hear

ten

short

conversations

between

two

speakers.

At

the

end

of

each

conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken

only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,

and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. It is satisfactory.

B. It is luxurious.

C. It is old- fashioned.

D. It is disappointing.

2. A. On August 5th.

B. On August 6th.

C. On August 7th.

D. On August 8th.

3. A. A waiter.

B. A butcher.

C. A porter.

D. A farmer.

4. A. In a theatre.

B. In a library.

C. In a booking office.

D. In a furniture store.

5. A. She expected to a better show.

B. She could hardly find her seat.

C. She wasn’t interested in the show.

D. She didn’t get a

favorable seat.

6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast.

B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.

C. The wo

man doesn’t have breakfast.

D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.

7. A. Selling cucumbers.

B. Planting vegetables.

C. Cooking a meal.

D. Picking tomatoes.

8. A. The man should work hard.

B. The man should turn down the job offer.

C. The man may have another chance.

D. The man can apply for the job again.

9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.

B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.

C. A vehicle is polluting the air.

D. The man is reading a report online.

10. A. Its ending is not good enough.

B. Its special effects are not satisfying.

C. It deserves an award.

D. It is good except for the scary part.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of

the

passages.

The

passages

will

be

read

twice,

but

the

questions

will

be

spoken

only

once.

When

you

hear

a

22

question,

read

the

four

possible

answers

on

your

paper

and

decide

which

one

would

be

the

best

answer

to

the

question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. $$1.

B. $$2

C. $$3

D. $$ 52.

12. A. Pay the bills first.

B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.

C. Deposit $$1000 every month.

D. Put part of the money in a savings account.

13. A. Methods of saving money.

B. Saving money for family emergencies.

C. The importance of saving money.

D. Secrets of spending money wisely.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. Free education.

B. A sum of money.

C. Donations from a local newspaper.

D. Gifts from many people.

15. A. Let students in before school.

B. Offer ice cream and coffee.

C. Introduce a bank into the campus.

D. Reduce the traffic jams around.

16. A. It lacks positive news.

B. It should grow into a big city.

C. It is a place worth living in.

D. It remains peaceful and quiet.

Section C

Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice.

After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you

have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form.

Write

ONE WORD

for each answer.

Class Diary (June 13-19)

13

SUN

□

14

MON

□

15

TUE

□

16

WED

□

17

for after-class activity application

Handing in three student

18

22

17

THU

□

18

FRI

□

19

SAT

□

Basketball Club meeting

Time:12:45

—

1:30pm

Place: The

19

Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data

Time:

20

break

Place: The computer room

Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer.

Who is Sue Walter?

What is Sue

’

s suggestion for people with difficulties?

In Sue

’

s eyes, what is the best part about her job?

What does Sue think happiness is?

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:

After reading

the

passages below,

fill

in

the

blanks

to

make

the

passages coherent

and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the

given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Bags of Love

Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother

’

s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During

that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.

After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly

—

we were always

suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing

her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and

head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed

me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.

I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with

her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me

—

shy would she mot want to tell me

about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the

groceries if I found out?

When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her

she didn

’

t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in

a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food

she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.

22

She is

21

in court and a writer.

22

23

in decision-making.

24

(B)

Stress: Good or Bad?

Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people

are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.

In

recent

years,

stress(33)______(regard)

as

a

cause

of

a

whole

range

of

medical

problems,

from

high

blood

pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is

time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home

with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the

(35)_____(good)

your

performance

will

be.

Beyond

a

certain

point,

though

,

further

stress

will

only

lead

to

exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by

asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of

(37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with

people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control )

your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.

To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how

much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc.

If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used

once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. account

B. adjustable

C. appliances

D. capture

E. decorations

F. direct

G. experiment

H. intended

I. operated

J. soulless

K. squeeze

Golden Rules of Good Design

What

makes

good

design?

Over

the

years,

designers

and

artists

have

been

trying

to

41

the

essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design.

There are four as follows.

Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist

view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through

the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary

42

More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the

result

is

43

design.

Post-Modernist

designers

began

to

44

with

decoration

and

color

again.

Product

design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen

45

such as ovens and kettles.

Fitness

for

purpose.

Successful

product

design

takes

into

consideration

a

product

’

s

function,

purpose,

shape,

form,

color,

and

so

on.

The

most

important

result

for

the

user

is

that

the

product

does

what

is

46

.

For

example, think of a(n)

47

desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the

lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to

48

light

where it is needed.

From

follows

emotion.

This

phrase

is

associated

with

the

German

designer

Hartmut

Esslinger.

He

believes

design

must

take

into

49

the

sensory

side

of

our

nature

—

sight,

smell,

touch

and

taste.

These

are

as

important as

r ational

(

理性的

). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking

device that allows us to easily

50

the toothpaste onto our brush.

III. Reading Comprehension

22

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill

in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In

the

1960s,

Douglas

McGregor,

one

of

the

key

thinkers

in

the

art

of

management,

developed

the

mow

famous Theory X and Theory Y

. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively

51

work and will do anything

to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the

52

, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,

53

,

that

their

employees

need

constant

supervision

if

they

are

to

work

effectively,

or

that

decisions

must

be

imposed from

54

without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (

专制的

) managers.

Different

cultures

have

different

ways

of

55

people.

Unlike

authoritarian

management,

some

cultures,

particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision- making

—

all members of the department or

work

group

are

asked

to

56

to

this

process.

This

is

management

by

the

collective

opinion.

Many

western

companies

have

tried

to

imitate

such

Asian

ways

of

doing

things,

which

are

based

on

general

57

.

Some

experts

say

that

women

will

become

more

effective

managers

than

men

because

they

have

the

power

to

reach

common goals in a way that traditional

58

managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own

without

59

managers first. This

empowerment

(

授权

) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:

60

the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be

61

with

just

a

top

level

of

senior

managers,

front-line

managers

and

employees

with

direct

contact

with

the

public.

Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (

委托

) much further than has

62

been the case. Empowerment and

delegation mean new forms of management control to

63

that the overall business plan is being followed, and

that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another

trend

is

off-site

or

64

management,

where

teams

of

people

linked by

e-mail

and

the

Internet

work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the

65

of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

51. A. desire

B. seek

C. lose

D. dislike

52. A. contrary

B. expectation

C. degree

D. extreme

53. A. vice versa

B. for example

C. however

D. otherwise

54. A. outside

B. inside

C. below

D. above

55. A. replacing

B. assessing

C. managing

D. encouraging

56. A. refer

B. contribute

C. object

D. apply

57. A. agreement

B. practice

C. election

D. impression

58. A. bossy

B. experienced

C. western

D. male

59. A. asking

B. training

C. warning

D. firing

60. A. doubling

B. maintaining

C. reducing

D. estimating

61. A. honored

B. left

C. crowded

D. compared

62. A. economically

B. traditionally

C. inadequately

D. occasionally

63. A. deny

B. admit

C. assume

D. ensure

64. A. virtual

B. ineffective

C. day-to-day

D. on-the-scene

65. A. opinion

B. risk

C. performance

D. attractiveness

Section B

Direction

：

Read

the

following

three

passages.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

several

questions

or

unfinished

22

sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to

the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

One

early

morning,

I

went

into

the

living

room

to

find

my

mother

reading

a

thick

book

called

Best

Loved

Poems to Read Again and Again

. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word

“

P oems

”

appeared in big,

hot pink letters.

“

Is it good?

”

I asked her.

“

Yea h,

”

she answered.

“

There

’

s one I really like and you

’

ll like it, too.

”

I leaned forward.

“

‘

Patty Poem,

’

”

she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:

She never puts her toys away,

①

①

Just leaves them scattered

where they lay,

…

散乱的

The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:

②

②

When she grows and gathers poise

,

稳重

③

③

I

’

ll miss her harum-scarum

noise,

莽撞的

④

④

And look in vain

for scattered toys.

徒劳地

And I

’

ll be sad.

A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.

“

It

’

s you, honey,

”

My mother said sadly.

To my mother, the poem revealed a parent

’

s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the

“

she

”

in

the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.

“

What

’

s wrong?

”

my mother asked.

“

Oh Mama,

”

I cried.

“

I don

’

t want to grow up ever!

”

She smiled.

“

Honey, it

’

s okay. You

’

re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I

’

ll still love you, okay?

”

“

Okay,

”

I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what

seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle.

The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now

fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person

’

s world.

I have since fallen in love with other poems, but

“

Patty Poem

”

remains my poem. After all,

“

Patty Poem

”

gave

me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the

most.

66. Why was the writer attracted by the book

Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again

?

A. It was a thick enough book.

B. Something on its cover caught her eye.

C. Her mother was reading it with interest.

D. It has a meaningful title.

67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.

A. sad

B. excited

C. horrified

D. confused

68. The writer

’

s mother liked to read

“

Patty Poem

”

probably because______.

A. it reflected her own childhood

B. it was written in simple language

22

C. it was composed by a famous poet

D. it gave her a hint of what would happen

69. It can be concluded from the passage that

“

Patty Poem

”

leads the writer to _______.

A. discover the power of poetry

B. recognize her love for puzzles

C. find her eagerness to grow up

D. experience great homesickness

（

B

）

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s.

Since

then,

many

scientists

have

thought

that

our

actions

do

make

a

difference.

In

1997,

the

Kyoto

Protocol

explained

our

role

in

the

E

arth’s

changing

atmosphere

and

set

international

limits

for

gas

emissions

(

排放

)

from

2008

to

2012.

Some

countries

have

decided

to

continue

these

reductions

until

2020.

More

recently,

the

Paris

Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it

will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

3.5

℃

This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris

promises

to

reduce

carbon

emissions;

this

rise

could

still

put

coastal

cities

under

water

and

drive over half of all species to extinction.

2

℃

To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every

five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse

drought

(

干旱

) and drive a decline

of up to a third in the number of species.

1.5

℃

This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by

low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5

℃

could save

them from sinking.

0.8

℃

This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the

way to the 2

℃

point.

0

℃

The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.

22

70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of

the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8

℃

B. 1.5

℃

C. 2

℃

D. 3.5

℃

(C)

Enough “

meaningless drivel

”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have

been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.

The House of Commons Scien

ce and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for

making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or

kitemark

(

认证标记

) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.

“The

term

and

conditions

statement

that

we

all

carelessly

agree

to

is

meaningless

drivel

to

anyone,”

says

Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their

terms.

The

simplified

version

would

be

checked

by

a

third

party

and

awarded

a

kitemark

if

it

is

an

accurate

reflection of the original.

It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a

voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.

Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to

think

they

would,”

says

Nigel

Shadbolt

at

the

University

of

Southampton,

UK,

who

studies

open

data.

“We

do

know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is

another matter, he says.

Other organizations

such as

banks

ask

customers

to

sign

long

contracts

they

may

not

read

or understand,

but

Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the

long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20

years’ time,” he

says.

Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we

don’t

know how companies will use

our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informatio

n have become valuable only recently, he says.

The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users

have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on

terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to

actually read them.

73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?

A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.

B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.

22

C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.

D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.

74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.

A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme

B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think

C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale

D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models

75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.

A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old

B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand

C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future

D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of

76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.

A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites

B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark

C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark

D. avoid providing too much personal information

77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Say no to social media?

B. New security rules in operation?

C. Accept without reading?

D. Administration matters!

Section C

Directions:

Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the

fewest possible words.

Walking

will

be

banned

on

escalators

as

part

of

a

trail

designed

ti

reduce

congestion

(

拥堵

)

at

some

of

the

country

’

s busiest stations.

In

the

first

move

of

its

kind,

all

travelers

will

be

forced

to

stand

on

both

sides

of

escalators

on

the

London

Underground as part of a plan to increase

capacity

(

容量

) at the height of the rush hour.

A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the

right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is

designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across

the Tube network in coming years.

According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving

the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the

“

standing

“

side.

A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be

22

raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said:

“

It may not seem right

that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new

six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.

”

Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim

that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up

—

meaning only one side was used at all times.

Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.

The

previous

trial

found

that

escalators

at

the

station

normally

carried

2,500

people

between

8:30am

and

9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.

In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three

“

up

”

escalators will be standing only, with

a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.

(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?

79. What did last year

’

s three- week trial at Holborn station prove?

research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.

81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other

“

up

”

escalators will be

used for_________________.

第

II

卷

(

共

47