-
2017
年高三英语二模汇编
——
六选四
One
宝山区
&
长宁区
青浦区
Exoplanets
（外行星）
:The Hunt Is On
Today
scientists
believe
that
planets
could
outnumber
the
stars.
For
centuries,
scientists
and
natural
philosophers have proposed that stars
in the night sky have planetary systems similar to
our own solar systems.
The
existence
of
extrasolar planets,
or
exoplanets,
has
long
been
discussed .
___67_
_.Although
not
the
first
exoplanet discovery, a planet near a
sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in
1995. This kicked off an era of
exoplanet hunting, with thousands of
discoveries and confirmations following in its
wake.
___68__ However, in 2015 NASA’s
Kepler space telescope found its first
Earth
-
sized planet in a
“habitable”
zone. This is the distance
from a star where surface temperature of a
pl
anet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold
for
liquid water. So far, only a small
slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been
explored. Even so, scientist have
confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with
more being added every day.
To detect
exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of
sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth-
circling and sun- circling satellites
all collect different types of information.
Because exoplanets are so far away
and
very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see
them directly ____69__. For example, when an
exoplanet moves
between its star and
us, it causes a small drop in the star’s
brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit
（凌日）
method of discovery.
NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many
exoplanets in this way.
As a
planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes
it to shake. __70___. Measuring these slight
changes is
the radial
velocity
（径向速度）
method of
discovering planets. It is one of the most
productive methods for finding
and
confirming exoplanets.
These are just
two examples of the many methods scientists use in
their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more
information
and
enhanced
detail.
As
time
progresses
and
technology
improves,
who
knows
what
else
we
may
find!
宝山区（长宁、青浦区）
67-70
EBAC
ists use indirect
methods to discover exoplanets.
exoplanets are very different from the ones in our
solar system.
the star moves
unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light
we see.
omers have detected signals
indicating the presence of a planet.
r,
we have developed the technology to prove their
existence only in the last few decades.
detection of the visible light from
giant planets in space is becoming increasingly
possible.
Two
崇明区
Section C
1
A. Finally, it has taken a giant leap
forward.
B. All of the factors pushing
online education toward the mainstream of higher
education are now
crashing together.
C. Over the past few years, he has been
teaching himself programming.
D. In
other words, Coursera’
s approach is a
long way from a simple online video lecture.
E.
Yet
the
most
exciting
promise
of
their
company
and
the
like
is
the
role
they
might
play
in
improving
education for the poor around the world.
F. Ng’s course in machine learning
attracted 104,0
00 enrollees around the
world.
A School That Can
Educate Us All
Christos Porios,
16,
lives
in
a
small
Greek
city.
“My
mother’s
a
teacher
and
my
father’s
a
mechanic,”
he
explains, adding that neither is
knowledgeable about
computers
—
especially
compared with him.
67
Porios was taking a free
class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a
professor at Stanford University,
over
an
online
platform
Ng
developed
with
his
colleagues.
Drawing
on
what
he
learned,
Porios
was
able
to
participate in the
International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual
hackathon
(
编程马拉松
) using data from NASA
and other government agencies.
If one teenager in one small city can
become a genius hacker through an online course,
does it mean the
world has changed? We
have been hearing about the potential of online
education for decades.
68
A number
of online education
platforms have appeared, featuring professors from
top universities offering free courses.
69
Ng
was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach
this many people at Stanford,” he says. And
so, just one month into the course, Ng
and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided
to leave their
faculty
posts
(
教职
) and dive
into online teaching full-time. In April, they
launched their company, Coursera, with a $$16
million round of venture funding. So
far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in
nine countries.
To Ng and Koller,
Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That
is to teach millions of people around the
world for free, while also transforming
higher education.
According to Ng, the
world’s top 20 universities enr
oll only
about 200,000 students. There are million more
who
could
participate
in
classwork
at
the
higher
level,
but
most
of
them
are
far
from
any
of
the
leading
universities.
70
Koller
says
Coursera’s
total
registration
has
hit
15
million.
Porios,
th
e
young
Greek,
is
only
one
of
those
registrants. His hope is to study in
Germany or England someday. He is even toying with
the idea of taking classes
at MIT or
Stanford
—
but this time in
person.
崇明区
67-70CAFE
Three
杨浦区
Section C
A.
When
something
comes
from
within
you,
you
always
try
your
best
to
analyze
it
in
a
scientific
way .
B.
Psychologists
call
this
private
speech----language
that
is
spoken
loud
but
directed
at
2
yourself
C. So words to the self , spoken
silently or loud , are so much more than just
chatter
D. We keep the
private speech we use as children inside ------but
we never truly put away the
out loud
version.
E. According to the well-known
saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of
madness.
F. Self-talk is efficient
because when we are vocal about our thoughts, it
makes a larger impact
on our brain.
Self-talk helps us all
Talking
to
yourself
may
seem
a
little
shameful.
If
you
’
ve
ever
been
overheard
criticizing
yourself
for
a
foolish mistake or practicing a speech
, you
’
ll know the social
problems it can cause.______67_______
But there
’
s no
need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves,
whether out loud or silently in our heads, is
valuable.
Far
from
being
a
sign
of
insanity,
self-talk
allows
us
to
plan
what
we
are
going
to
do
,
manage
our
activities and control our emotions.
For example, take a trip to
any preschool and watch a small girl playing with
her toys . You are very likely to
hear
her talking to herself: offering herself
directions and talking about her problems.
______68______We do a
lot of it when we
are young.
As
children,
according
to
the
Russian
Psychologist
Lev
Vygotsky
,
we
use
private
speech
to
control
our
actions in the same way
that we use public speech to control the behavior
of others. As we grow older, we keep
this system inside.
Psychological experiments have shown
that this so-called inner speech can improve our
performance in tasks
like telling what
other people are thinking. Our words give us an
interesting view of our actions. One recent study
suggested that self-talk is most
effective when we talk to ourselves in the second
person: as
“
you
”
rather than
“
I
”
_____69_____If you want proof , turn to a
sports channel . You
’
re sure
to see an athlete shouting at himself or
herself.
Talking to
ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving
problems and working through ideas. Hearing
different points of view means our
thoughts can end up in different place , just like
a regular dialogue , and might
turn out
to be one of the keys to human creativity.
Both
kinds
of
self-talk
-----silent
and
out
loud
----seem
to
bring
many
different
benefits
to
our
thinking .______70______-
杨浦区
67-70 EBDC
Four
虹口区
Section C
A. The
greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the
individual attention that students receive.
B. Tutorials can be considered the
backbone of undergraduate teaching at Oxford.
C. Sometimes, the student may leave a
tutorial with only a reading list and the title of
the next
essay.
D. Tutorials
can greatly enhance the
undergraduates
’
academic
performance.
3
E.
The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is
the various curriculums that students receive.
F. In the mean time, tutorials are also
beneficial for developing students’ skills of
critical
analysis.
The
Tutorial System of Oxford University
In
the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted
primarily through the tutorial system. It is one
of the most
unique and well-known
methods of teaching across the world.
The weekly tutorial consists of a one-
hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers
of students (usually
two to four).
During this time, an essay prepared specifically
for that tutorial is read by students and
commented
upon
by
the
tutor.
At
the
end
of
the
tutorial,
the
tutor
will
assign
the
topic
of
study
for
the
coming
week
and
suggest readings. __67__
Meanwhile, they are also complemented
by departmental lectures which are conducted
on a university wide basis, lab work,
and
seminars
(
研讨会
) often with groups of
perhaps 10 students.
Tutorials have
gained their reputation because of the close
relationship they maintain between the tutor and
the student. The tutorial system
provides undergraduates with direct and in most
cases weekly contact with tutors
in
their academic fields.
__68__
Before
the
weekly
tutorial,
students
are
required
to
prepare
an
essay
or
other
works,
which
they
read
or
present to the tutor.
During each tutorial, students are expected to
communicate, debate, analyze and critique the
ideas of others as well as their own in
conversations with the professor and fellow-
students. The tutorial system
has
great
value
that
it
creates
learning
and
assessment
opportunities
which
are
highly
authentic
(
可靠的
)
and
difficult to fake, as
the student’s work is discussed on the
spot.
__69__
The contrast between tutorials and
large lectures common in the American universities
is obvious. In
the typical American
university, students are taught by the same
specialists, in the same manner, and held to the
same standards.
However, during tutorials, students
have the opportunity to explore their own ideas
directly with experts in
particular
subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage
in extensive independent reading and research,
using
the resources available, under
the guidance of the tutor.
虹口区
67-70: BFA C
Five
黄浦区
Section C
A.
But there’s no
need for embarrassment.
B.
If you want
proof, turn on the sports channel.
C.
As we grow
older, we don’t abandon this system
--we
internalize it.
D.
This so-called
inner speech can improve our performance on
various tasks.
E.
Conducting
a
dialogue
with
ourselves
might
turn
out
to
be
one
of
the
keys
to
human
creativity.
F.
Psychologists
refer to this as private
speech
—
language that is
spoken out but directed at
4
the self.
Your Own Best Friend
Talking
to
yourself
may
seem
a
little
shameful.
If
you’ve
ever
been
overheard
criticizing
yourself
for
a
foolish
mistake
or
practicing
a
tricky
speech
ahead
of
time,
you’ll
have
felt
the
social
restriction
against
communicating with yourself in words.
According to the well-known saying, talking to
yourself is the first sign of
madness.
67
Talking to ourselves,
whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a
valuable tool for thought.
Far
from
being
a
sign
of
insanity,
self-talk
allows
us
to
plan
what
we
are
going
to
do,
manage
our
activities,
regulate our
emotions and even create a narrative of our
experience.
Take a trip to any
preschool and watch a small child playing with her
toys. You are very likely to hear her
talking to herself: offering herself
directions and giving voice to her frustrations.
68
We do a lot of
it when we are young
–
perhaps
one reason for our shyness about continuing with
it
as adults.
As
children,
according
to
the
Russian
psychologist
Lev
Vygotsky,
we
use
private
speech
to
regulate
our
actions in the same way that we use
public speech to control the behavior of others.
69
Psychological
experiments
have
shown
that
the
distancing
effect
of
our
words
can
give
us
a
valuable
perspective on our actions. One recent
study suggested that self-talk is most effective
when we address ourselves
in the second
person: as “you” rather than “I”.
We internalize the private speech we
use as children
–
but we never
entirely put away the out-loud version.
70
You’re bound to see an athlete or two
gearing themselves up with a tar
t
phrase or scolding themselves after
a
bad shot.
Both kinds of self-talk
seem to bring a range of benefits to
our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken
silently or aloud, are so much more
than lazy talk.
黄浦区
67-70 AFCB
Six
嘉定长宁区
A.
The speakers,
before speaking, predicted how much the listeners
would enjoy hearing them
talk,and how
interesting and effective the listeners would
consider them.
B.
The reason behind this is that the
speakers seem to be able to keep their audience
engaged in
their stories.
C.
Listeners
could
fill
in
the
gaps
in
the
speaker
’
s
story
because
they
had
seen
the
video
the
speaker was describing.
D.
Speakers think
listeners will most enjoy hearing stories about
experiences that the listeners
5
have not themselves had,
but our studies suggest the speakers were wrong.
E.
That
because
those
experiences
are
so
complex
that
they
are
nearly
impossible
for
an
ordinary person to communicate well.
F.
As a matter of
fact, however, listeners responded much more
positively, when they had seen
the
video,
To Please Your Friends, Tell
Them What They Already Knew
The
research
emeraged
out
of
some
real-life
observations
shared
by
Gilbert
and
co-authors
Gus
Cooney
and
Timothy D.
Wilson
：
“Conversation is the
most common of all human social activities, and
doing i
t well requires that we
know
what
our
conversation
partners
most
want
to
hear.___67___”says
psychological
scientist
Daniel
T,
Gilbert
of
Harvard University.
“When
our
friends
try
to
tell
us
about
movies
we’ve
never
seen
or
albums
we’ve
never
heard,
we
usua
lly
find
ourselves bored, confused, and
underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s
our turn to speak, we do exactlly the
same thing to our friends
–
with exactly
the same consequences. We wanted to understand why
this happens.”Gilbert
explains. The
researchers decided to do this by conducting a
series of experiments.
In
their
first
experiment,
the
researchers
assigned
participants
to
groups
of
three,
with
one
person
acting
as
the
speaker and the other two acting as
listeners. Speakers watched a video
and
then tried do describe it to the listeners.
Some of the listeners had seen the
video the speakere was describing, and others had
not.
___69___. When the speakers were
speaking, the listeners rated them on these
aspects. The results showed that
speakers
’ predictions
were exactly backwards. Speakers
expected listeners to respond
more
positively to their stories
when the
listeners had not seen the video they were
describing ___70___. Although speakers expected
listeners to enjoy
hearing about a
novel experience more than a familiar one, it was
actually the other way around.
A second
study showed that when asked to predict their own
reactions before hearing the story, listeners made
the
same mistake that speakers did.
嘉定区长宁区
67-70 DEAF
Seven
奉贤区
A.
There are many ways for parents to deal
with the problems.
B.
The mess can
disturb the whole household.
C.
Parents are all angry at it.
D.
Humor can
help, too.
E.
Parenting experts also recommend that
parents first ask children in a nice way to clean
up
and agree on a reasonable time
limit.
F.
What
doesn’t work, parenting experts say, is constant
lectures, verbal threats or getting very
angry.
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