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中国甲午战争博物院陈列馆讲解词
Good Morning, Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to the Exhibition Hall of the
Museum of Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
The exhibition hall covers
a floor area of ten thousand square meters and its
building
area of is about 8,800 square
meters.
This is
a comprehensive exhibition hall that
fully displays the history of Sino-
Japanese War
.
The building, designed by the Professor
Peng Yigang, master architectural designer
of
China,
creatively
combines
the
main
building,
which
signifies
the
vessel
of
the
North
Marine
Navy,
and
the
statue
of
a
high-ranking
military
officer
of
the
navy.
The
exhibition
hall
is
praised
as
“
the
Chinese
classical
building
during
the
20
th
century
“
.
The cast iron
sculpture in the middle of the square, named as
the soul of the
sea
,
is
the model of the vessel wreckage of the
North Marine Navy.
The
exhibition hall has
two levels, drawing
a whole picture of the Sino-Japanese War with
abundant cultural
relic
and
historical
material
and
data,
and
it
is
an
important
base
for
patriotic
education.
The
relief
sculpture
on
the
peripheral
part
of
the
exhibition
hall,
called
never
forget
the
history
of
the
Sino-Japanese
War
,
displays
the
relative
important
figures
and
battles
though
artistic
means,
thus
it
has
a strong
sense
of
expression.
Then,
let
’
s get into
the hall and get to know the history of this
period.
Ladies
and gentlemen, we will then visit the Sino facts
show, called
National Grief
of 1894-1895
.
The
sequence hall
The
bow-like
sequence
hall
integrates
with
the
sedimentary
rocks
background,
which has a heavy sense of history.
The failure of the Sino-Japanese War
not only causes serious disaster to China, but
also awakens the Chinese people.
Just as what Liang Qicao, a
famous politician in
Modern
Times
of
China,
said
before,
“
It
is
the
Sino-
Japanese
War
that
awakens
us
who
still indulge in the dream
of the
Celestial Empire.
”
Next, we will focus on the
whole process of the War
.
China is an ocean power but the
humiliation of modern china also starts from the
collapse of coast defense.
After the Opium War, the Qing
Government realized the
importance of
building a modernized navy, and this also marks
the beginning of the
coast
defense
construction
of
modern
China.
Figures
in
the
pictures
are
all
the
representatives
of
the
Westernization
Movement
during
Qing
Dynasty.
They
claimed
to
learn
advanced
Western
technology.
Yi
Xin,
Prince
Gong,
the
representative
of
the
Westernization
Movement
in
the
central
government,
supported
local
representatives,
such
as
Li
Hongzhang,
Zuo
Zongtang
and
Zhang
Zhidong, to build the
modernized military industry.
The
Westernization
Movement
prospers
the
military
industry
and
military
education
of
modern
China.
In
the
middle
of
19
th
century,
the
breechloaders
1
replaced the original old buggy rifles
as the main military weaponry.
Although they
cannot put on
a par with the modern weapons, they are much more
advanced than
the weapons used during
the cold weapon age.
Meanwhile, Chinese students were
dispatched
to
Germany
to
learn
artillery;
Qing
Government
also
bought
advanced
Krupp
cannon
—
All
those
witnessed
the
development
of
modernization
of
modern
Chinese
military.
The
preparations
were
started
in
1879
for
the
constitution
of
the
North
Marine
Navy
and
finally
in
October
3
rd
,
1888,
the
promulgation
of
the
Regulations
of
the
North
Marine
Navy
marked
the
establishment
of
the
navy.
When
it
was
first
constructed, the North
Marine Navy
owned 25 regular
military naval vessels, which
mostly bought from Britain and Germany.
At that time, the strength
of North Navy
ranked the
first in Asia and the forth in the world.
Most of the high-ranking
general
officers
of
the
navy
had
been
abroad
to
receive
advanced
Western
military
education.
Bases
foundation
acts
as
an
important
role
in
the
development
of
the
military
forces.
After
careful investigation, the Qing Government built
three bases
—
Dagu in
Tianjin,
Lvshun
in
Liaoning
and
Weihaiwei
in
Shantung
Peninsula,
a
triangular
defense system, to protect the capital
and to fight against aggression.
The North Marine Navy is
the first standardized navy in modern China, which
owns
higher-educated general officers,
excellent performance vessels and the tight
defense
base.
But
it
is
also
such strong
troop
that
was
completely
annihilated
during
the
Sino-
Japanese War
.
Why? Later, we will explain it to you.
Japan,
neighbor
of
China,
developed
fast
and
embarked
on
a
road
of
militarism
and
overseas
expansion.
It
made
a
policy
of
conquering
China
and
finally
dominating Asia and were carefully
planned and prepared for this.
Before
the
war
broke
out,
Japanese
government
dispatched
spies
to
make
a
comprehensive study of
Chinese politics, economy, military forces and
culture.
It is
said the Japanese spies can knew the
exact location of a well which even the native
Chinese didn
’
t
know.
Thus, we can see that
this is a long-planned war of aggression
against
China.
We
see
this
is
a
series
of
plans
of
aggression
drawn
up
by
the
Japanese.
In
order
to
put
into
action
as
soon
as
possible,
Japan
intensified
the
efforts
to
constitute
the
navy.
Japanese,
led
by
the
Emperor,
donated
money
to
expand
the
navy.
Meanwhile,
in
China,
Qing
government
has
stopped
the
continued
development
of
the
Navy.
As
the
Empress
Dowager
Cixi
diverted
funds
to build the Summer
Palace and three Navy Sea Project, six years after
constitution,
the Northern Navy failed
to add any equipment.
In
May, 1894, after reviewing the
coast defense, Li Hongzhang issued a
sighs worrying about the future.
And just two
months after
that, the war broke out.
From this map we know that it would be
quite difficult for Japan to directly attack
China
from
the
sea.
Then,
Japan
’
s
final strategy
is
to
occupy
Korea
and
then
with
Korea as a base and springboard, Japan
continued to invade China.
In the spring of 1894, taking the
“
Donghak
Rebellion
”
uprising as an
excuse, Japan
invaded Korea.
And then, Japan provoked
war on the Toshima Sea.
On
August 1
st
,
both
sides, China and Japan, declared war against each
other, the Sino-Japanese War
2