-
口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1.
常用符号
(
1
)数学符号
数学符号
+
-
×
√
>
<
≥
≤
=
≠
≈
?
( )
(
)
/
∵
∴
⊥
?
可代替的意思
加上、和、另外、除此之外(
plus, and, in
addition to
)
减去、缺
乏
/
少(
minus, lack,
in short of/ in shortage of,
etc
)
错误、不、坏的(
wrong/incorrect
,
somet
hing bad
,
notorious
,
negative, not,
etc.
)
对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(
correct,
good, positive, affirmative
)
多于、超过(
bigger/larger/greater/
more than/better than, surpass, superior to,
etc.
)
少于、不如、逊色于(
less/smaller/fewer
than, worse than, inferior to,
etc.
)
大于或等于、不少于(
more than or equal
to, no less than
)
小于或等于、不多于(
less than or equal
to, no more than
)
同等、
相当于、
一致、
公平
(means
,
that is to
say
,
in other
words
,
the same
as
,
be equal to)
也表示“对手”的概念
(a match, rival,
competitor, counterpart, etc.)
不同于
(be different from, etc.
)
;表示“无敌”概念
(matchless,
peerless, etc.)
大约
(about/around, approximately, or so,
etc.)
属于(
belong
to
)
在??之间
(among,
within, etc. )
;
包括、
包含、
涉及、
组成
(
include, within, contain, consist,
compose, constitute, cover,
enclose
)
表示“并列”的关系
否定、消除
(cross out,
eliminate, etc.)
由于、因为、幸亏(
because, due to,
thanks to, as, owing to
)
所以、因此、结果是(
so, therefore, as
a result, consequently
)
在??基础上
(
based on
p>
)
,
影响、
效果、
压力、
负担
(
influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress,
burden, load
)
表示“总值”(
total, totally,
entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum
up, etc.
)
(
2
)标点符号
标点符号
:
可代替的意思
表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如
1)
meet,
view,
see,
look,
observe,
watch,
glance,
stare,
notice,
glimpse,
scan,
skim,
perceive,
witness, discover,
gaze, catch sight of;
2) speak, say,
state, tell, announce, maintain, claim, disclaim,
affirm, address, declare, suggest,
imply,
mention,
speech,
talk,
lecture,
dialogue,
conversation,
elaboration,
explain,
outline,
interview,
assert,
express,
proclaim,
argue,
promulgate,
utter,
acknowledge,
inform,
confess,
impart, notify, introduce, report,
broadcast, define;
3)
think,
consider,
regard,
ponder,
conceive
perceive,
suppose,
imagine,
mediate,
reckon,
deliberate,
speculate, contemplate;
4)
comment, criticize, remark, appreciate, evaluate;
5) understand, comprehend, recognize,
feel, reflect, show, demonstrate, display, mirror,
indicate,
mean, reveal
问题、疑问(
question
,
issue
,
doubt
)例
如,台湾问题:
tw?
也可表示“问”(
ask
)
question,
problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle,
query, confused, mystery, bewildered
1
?
?(dot)
位置不同表示的概念也
不一样,如
“·d”
表示
yester
day
,
“·y”
表示
last year, “·2m”
表示
two
months ago
。
“y”
表示
this
year,
“2y
·
” two year
later
.
“next week”,
可以表示为
“wk
·
”
!
(
感叹号)
用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”
1) dangerous, warning, alarming,
alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out
2) sure, certainly, of course
“
”
所谓的(
so
called
)
< br>(
3
)图形符号
图形符号
∥
☆
可代替的意思
表示转折(
but, however, although,
nevertheless
)
重要的,突出的,伟大的
1)
important, significant, key, crucial, critical,
meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful,
influential,
substantial,
consequential, principle, of great importance;
2)
outstanding,
distinguished,
marked,
remarkable,
notable,
excellent,
perfect,
eminent,
famous,
well-known,
well-recognized,
great,
prominent,
prestigious,
extraordinary,
glorious,
noteworthy,
grand, magnificent;
3)
wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous
marvelous;
4) chief, primary, main,
major, dominant, overwhelming, most
表示“强调”
emphasize,
stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate,
highlight, attach great importance to,
lay stress on, pay attention to
表示“人”(
person, people
< br>),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符
号或者字母的右上
角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中
?
”,“美国人”(
US
?
),“政客
/<
/p>
政
治家”(政
?
),“老师”(
T
?
或者教
?
)
因为看起来像圆形
的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性
的机构。
conference,
symposium,
convention,
session,
forum,
seminar,
council,
congress,
meeting,
assembly, gathering, committee,
commission, association, union, senate,
parliament, convocation,
discussion,
negotiation
全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的
whole, total, overall, general, entire,
gross, universal, integral, unification, on the
whole, all in all
国家、民族(
country, state,
nation, republic, kingdom, federal,
union
)
因形状看起来像酒杯,
表示值得庆祝的
“协议”
、
“协定”
、
“条约”
或<
/p>
“合同”
(
agreement,
accord, treaty, contract
)。因此
,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别
在∪里面加上
2
、
3
或者
m
(多)。
表示“金钱”、“财富”(
money,
wealth
)
交流、交换、关系、相互的(
communication,
relationship, relation, partnership,
interrelation,
communicate, exchange,
interchange, interact, each
other
)
和、与(
and, together with,
along with, accompany, along with, etc.
表示“结束”(
end, stop, halt,
bring sth to a standstill /stop,
etc.
)
加在动词下表示“将来的
动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“??以来”(
since
…
)
加在动词下表示“过去的动作
”、“??过”或“??了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示
“过去??年
/
月天(
last,
past
)”
顶点,顶级;领导
1) top,
head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax,
supreme, crown;
2
?
?
?
○
?
∪
$$
∞
&
#
∟
?
∧