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FreeSWITCH入门指南

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-12 08:57
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2021年2月12日发(作者:consulting)


Getting Started Guide


入门指南



From FreeSWITCH Wiki



FreeSWITCH


维基



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The purpose of the following page is to instruct new users on how to configure


FreeSWITCH? in a basic way.


以下网页的目的,是指导新用户如何配置


FreeSW ITCH?的一个


基本方式。


It is also intended to provide people with a basic understanding of the


configuration files and how they are processed.


这也是为了提 供一个配置文件的基本了


解的人以及他们如何处理。



If


FreeSWITCH?


i


s


not


already


installed


on


your


system


you


should


read


the .


如果


FreeSWITC H?不是已经安装在您的系统,


你应该阅读


安装指南

< p>




This


guide is not intended to allow for more than a default configuration.


本指南不打算


让超过默认配置。



FreeSWITCH


布局



FreeSWITCH?


has


a


modular


design.



FreeSWITCH?采用模块化设计。



This


design


allows


it


to


be


extended


without


breaking


functionality


or


requiring


massive


recoding


efforts.


这种设计允许它在不破坏的功能或要求重新编写大量的努力延长。



Each module provides


specific


functionality,


often


commands


that


are


related


are


grouped


into


one


module.


每个模块都提 供特定的功能,往往是相关的命令是在一个模块进行分组。



You will need to


enable the modules that you desire, based on their function.< /p>


您将需要启用,你的愿


望,


根据他们的功 能模块。



By


default


FreeSWITCH?


comes


with


a


good


set


of


modules


loaded,


to enable most basic functionality.


默认情况下


FreeSWITC H?附带了一个良好的加载模块


设置,使最基本的功能。



Read up on the for more information.


阅读上的更多信息,



配置的默认






配置



The following sections will show you each step that you will have to take to get a


functional system .


下面的章节将告诉你每一步,你将不得不采取获得功能系统。




防火墙



If you are going to route traffic across your network, you need to ensure that you


do not have a firewall blocking traffic on the specified network paths.


如果你想在


您的网络传输流量,你需要确保你没有防火墙阻止指定的网络路径流量。



Commonly


firewalls are installed at egress points, where your local network connects to the


internet.


常见的防火墙是安装在出口点,在您的本地网络连接到互联网。



This is not


always


the


case


in


some


corporate


en vironments.


这并不总是在一些企业环境的情况。



If


you are not responsible for your network, you may wish to contact the group or


individuals that are for assis tance.


如果您没有为您的网络负责,您可能希望联络小组


或个人的援助。



Information they may need to enable traffic would include the port numbers.


他们可


能需要的信息,使交通将包括端口号。



Various protocols use different ports for


different things.


各种协议的不同的使用不同的端口。



Some you need bi-directional


connectivity, some you only need outbou nd.


一些你需要的双向连接,有些你只需要出站。



Depending on your call scenario you may only need to allow connections that are


initiated by your system. If you have any problems with protocols not working, it


is recommended that you disable your firewall to the FreeSWITCH? system and place


a test call and see if the problem persists. Commonly people who have problems have


a misconfigured firewall that is creating the problem.


根据您的要求的情况你可能只

< p>
需要允许该由你的系统发起的连接。



如果您有任 何问题的协议不工作,


建议您禁用防火墙的


FreeSWITC H?系统和地点通话测试





看看该问题仍然存在。


常见的有问题的人谁具有防火墙


的配置错误是造成上述问题。




Network


FireWall


Ports



Protocol



Application


Protocol


应用协议




火墙中的端口




络协议




Description


描述




1719


1720


3478


3479


5002


5003


UDP


TCP


UDP


UDP


TCP


UDP



H.323 Gatekeeper RAS port


H.323 Call Signalling


STUN service


STUN service


MLP protocol server


Neighborhood service



Used for NAT traversal

< p>
用于


NAT


穿





Used for NAT traver sal


用于


NAT


穿

< br>越






5060


UDP & TCP SIP UAS


Used for SIP signalling (Standard


SIP


Port,


for


default


Internal


Profile)


用于


SIP


信令


(标准


SIP


端口,


默认内部资料)




Used


for


SIP


signalling


(For


default



Profile)


用于为


SIP



令(对于默认“的


NAT”专页)

< br>



Used


for


SIP


signalling


(For


default


用于为< /p>


SIP


信令(对于默认“外部”专页)




Used


for


audio/video


data


in


SIP


and


other protocols


用于


SIP


音频


/


视频

5070


UDP & TCP SIP UAS


5080


UDP & TCP SIP UAS


RTP/ RTCP multimedia


streaming


16384-32768


UDP


数据中和其他协议数据





配置文件



FreeSWITCH? configuration data is stored in XML format.



FreeSW ITCH?配置数据存储在


XML


格式文件。

< br>


These files are located in the conf directory under the FreeSWITCH?


install


directory.


这些文件位于下


FreeSWITCH?conf



directory


的目录。


By


default


on


a


Unix-like system this will be /usr/local/freeswitch/conf.



默认情况下,在


Unix



统上,


这将是


/usr/local/fre eswitch/conf




There


are


preprocessor


markup


tags


that


tell


the configuration parser to perform tasks, such as including other files, which are


carried out before the XML is parsed.


有预处理标记标签,告诉配置分析器来执行任务,


如包括其他文件, 这是前进行的


XML


时,被解析。




Folder


文件夹




Description


描述




These configuration files are loaded automatically into FreeSWITCH.

这些配置


autoload_configs


< p>
文件自动加载到


FreeSWITCH



They


contain


configuration


information


for


almost


all core modules.


它们包含了几乎所有的核心模块的配置信息。




dialplan



This is the place where you setup your dialplan.


这是你的地方设置你的拨号规


则。


There are some examples of how to configure your dialplan included.


< p>
如何配置您的拨号规则包括一些例子。




The


directory


contains


all


users


that


may


register


and


use


freeswitch


as


their


PBX.


该目录包含所有 的用户都可以登记,并以此为他们的


PBX freeswitch





directory



Jingle is the mod that FS uses to handle XMPP.



丁当是


FS


使用处理

< br>XMPP



mod


< p>


jingle_profiles



Profiles


tells


FS


how


to


use


the


protocol.



档案文件告诉


FS


如何使用协议。

< p>
Each


profile has it's own ip por t.


每个配置文件有它自己的


IP


端口 。




lang



mrcp_profiles



sip_profiles



Tells FS how to say currency etc in different languages


告诉


FS

< p>
如何用不同的


语言



MRCP is used to allow FreeSWITCH to use speech recognition and TTS


MRCP

< br>是用


来允许


FreeSWITCH


使用语音识别和语音合成




Tells


FS


how


to


talk


sip.



告诉


FS


如何对话


SIP



Each


profile


has


it's


own


port.


每个配置文件有它自己的端口。





配置


FreeSWITCH


This guide aims to explain the default configuration layout and how you configure


it


to


your


liking.


本指南旨在解释默认配置的布局,


以 及如何配置它,


你自己的喜好。



Read


up on the for more inf ormation.


阅读


配置的默认


上 的更多信息,






This layout is in no way required, you can minimize the configuration to just one


file


if


needed.


这种布局在任何需要的方式,


您可以配置,


以最大限度地减少只是一个文件,


如果需要的。


The


main


config


file


is


called


,


you


don't


need


to


change


it in any way, it just loads all other config files.


主要的配置 文件被称为



,你不必以任何方式改变它,它只是加载所有其他的 配置文件。





is


used


to


define


a


couple


of


variables


that


are


used


system


wide.




用于定义两个是使用的系统广泛的变量。



NOTICE


you


can


not


comment


these


X-PRE-PROCESS


lines out.


公告您不能注释这些


X-PRE- PROCESS


行。



They will still be active in an XML


comment.



他们仍将


XML


注释中的活动。。



See for example.


看例子


Config_



In the default configuration the file is used to define some preprocessor

variables.


在默认配置中



文件是用来定义一些预处理变量。


In


a


first


time


setup


you will most likely want to set:


是在第一次安装最有可能想要设置:






directives for use in other portions of the configuration.



用于配置的其他部分中的


指令。



The default port of Freeswitch is also defined in


Freeswitch


默认端口也被定 义在里








自动加载配置



autoload_configs


is


a


directory


where


a


lot


of


the


freeswitch


configuration


resides.



autoload_configs autoload_configs


是很多


freeswitch


配置文件保存的目录。



This


directory is located in $$PREFIX/conf/autoload_configs.


< br>这个目录位于


$$PREFIX/conf/autoload_configs< /p>




The default preprocesses xml files


matched by the glob conf/autoload_configs/*.xml


默认

< p>


预先处理(自


动加载)


conf/autoload_configs/*.xml


里面匹配的


XML


文件





See for an example of .


看一个< /p>



的例子





tells freeswitch which modules to load.



告诉

freeswitch


加载哪些模块。



There are certain modules required for operation so you


should not edit this file unless you know that you wish to add or remove a specific


module


有操作所 需要的某些模块,因此你不能编辑这个文件,除非你知道你想添加或删除特


定模块





mod_sofia is used to create SIP endpoints in FreeSWITCH.



模块< /p>


sofia


是用于创建


SIP

< p>
终端到


FreeSWITCH


< br>


If


you


are


familiar


with


Asterisk,


each


SIP


Profile


in


mod_sofia


is similar to chan_sip in Asterisk, though much more powerful.


如果您熟悉


Asterisk


< p>
每个


mod_sofia


SIP


档案类似


Asterisk



chan_sip


,但更强大。



The



file


contains


a



directive


that


includes


other


XML


files


(within,


by


default,


conf/sip_profiles/)


that


define


one


or


more


Profiles




文件包含的< /p>



指令,其中包括其他


XML


文件(在默认情况


下,


conf/sip_prof iles/


),定义一个或多个“


SIP


档案文件”。


A SIP Profile is a SIP


UA (User Agent or an endpoint), which communicates with other SIP endpoints.



一个



SIP UA


(用户代理或终结点)




SIP


的其他终结点进行通信的


SIP


的配置文件。



A

< p>


Agent


(


is


an


application


used


for


running


a


certain


network


protocol.



“用户代理”(“



UA


”)是运行在一定的网络协议使用的应用程序。


A


Sofia


User


Agent


is


the same thing but the protocol in that case is SIP.


这个

< br>Sofia


用户代理是同样的事


情,但如果是在那应样的 话协议是


SIP




In FreeSWITCH terms, User Agent = UA = Sofia


Profile = SIP Profile.



FreeSWITCH


方面,


Use r Agent = UA = Sofia Profile = SIP


Profile.




See for


an


example


.


看例子



S ofia_Configuration_Files




See also .


另见


SIP< /p>


在维基百科网络元素





SIP


档案文件



The SIP Profiles in FreeSWITCH can often lead to confusion.




FreeSWITCH SIP



配置文件通常会导致混乱。


Unlike other softswitches (like Asterisk), FreeSWITCH


allows you to handle media (calls, video, etc.) differently based on where the


equipment


is


attached


to


your


network.


不同


(如

< p>
Asterisk



其他软,

不同的应用


FreeSWITCH


允许您在处理不同的设备相连网络的媒体


(

< br>电话,


视频,


等)


< p>
This


assists


with


security


as well as providing added functionality.


这有助于安全,并提 供额外的功能。



SIP Profiles allow you to define paths to devices or carriers that may live inside


or outside your network.


SIP


的配置文件可用于定义路径的设备或 运营商可住内部或外部


网络。


These paths can be of many different types, but must consist of a unique


combination of port and IP pairs.


这些路径可以有许多不同的类型,但必须由一个端口和

IP


对独特的组合。



You


could


have


SIP


profiles


for


your


internal


network,


or


multiple


profiles for each subnet of your internal network, or even completely different


protocols


like


IPv6


as


profile < /p>


definitions.


你可能对您的内部网络,即每您的内部 网络,


或者类似的文件定义甚至完全不同的


IPv6

< p>
协议的子网的


SIP


配置多个配置文件。


This


helps


FreeSWITCH identify how to route different types of calls when necessary, and also


gives


you


the


flexibility


to


tailor


your


dialplans


based


on


what


path


a


call


originates


to/from.



这可以帮助


FreeSWITCH


确定如何路线不同类型的要求

< br>,


必要时


,


还能让你的灵活性< /p>


,


以调整你的拨号方案基于路径的一个叫来源于

< br>/




In


the


sample


configuration


there


are


three


default


categories


for


where


a


SIP


Profile


can


resid e.


在示例配置有


3


个在一个


SIP


文件可以驻留默认类别。



Each


profile


is


detailed


below.


每个 配置文件的详细情况如下。




SIP_Profiles


The default profiles are


so it would be wise to understand what they do.


默认配置文件是

< br>(



“内部”和“外部”,都提供了特殊用途,所以明智的 做法是了解他们所做的


事情。




内部



File Location: $$PREFIX/conf/sip_profiles/


文件位 置:


$$PREFIX/conf/


sip_profiles /


This profile generally refers to devices that reside on your internal network.

< p>


配置文件通常是指设备驻留在您的内部网络。



Those devices will inherit all


configuration options in the internal profile you setup.


这些设备将继承内部文件的

所有配置选项设置。


This is typically your internal phones with extensions.


这通常


是与扩展您的内部电话。


By default, these devices must use SIP authentication.


默认< /p>


情况下,这些设备必须使用


SIP


认证。



The Internal (formerly called


primary IP address of the machine (unless you set $$$${domain} to something else in


) on port 5060 (the default SIP port).


内部(以前称为



)的


SIP



置文件被配置为侦听的主


IP


地址的机器


(除非您设置域


$$$${domain}


的东西在



其他)


在端口


5060


(默认


SIP


端口)。



The internal SIP profile does authenticate calls and


is


not


suitable


for


configuring


trunks


to


providers


or


outside


phones,


in


most


cases


(ie,


use


the


External


profile


for


configuring


trunks


to


providers


or


outside


phones).



内部的


SIP


(例如,使用外部配置文件的配置中继或外部电话)。



The Internal profile should be used if you intend on handling registration for sip


clients


(ie


a


SIP


registrar).


内部 配置文件应使用如果您在处理


SIP


客户端注册的打算


(即


SIP


注册)。



You


may


wish


to


skip


to


the


section to


configure


additional


sip


clients.


你可能希望 跳到


Getting_Started_Guide#directory

< p>
配置部分另外的的


SIP


客户端。



Authenticated


users


of


this


profile


are


normally


set


(via


the


variable


user_context)


to


use


the


dialplan


defined


in .


这个文件 验证的用户通常设置(通过变量


user_context


)< /p>


使用


default context


.


定义的拨号规则。



See



Config_




外部



File Location: $$PREFIX/conf/sip_profile s/


文件位置:


$$PREFIX/conf/


sip_profiles /


This profile generally refers to devices or gateways that reside outside of your


network.


此配置文件,一般是指设备或网关外的网络。



Generally


this


is


where


you


define


your external trunks/VoIP carriers/etc.


通常这是您定义您的外部中继线


/ VoIP


运营商


/


等。


Again, those devices will inherit all configuration options in the external


profile you setup.


同样,这些设备将继承 在外部配置文件的所有配置选项设置。



The External (formerly


provider.


外部


(先前




配置文件处理出站登记,


SIP


的供应商。


The


SIP


provider


sends


calls


to


you,


and


you


send


calls


to


your


provider,


through


the


external


prof ile.


供应商发送的


SIP


要求你,


你调用发送到您的提供商,


通过外部形象。

The


external


profile


allows


anonymous


calling,


which


is


required


as


your


provider


will


never


authenticate


with you to send you a call.


外部配置文件允许匿名电话,这是你的供应商需要将永远与


您进行身份验证向您发出的呼 吁。



In order to secure your FreeSWITCH it is wise to link your outbound profile to a


dialplan


context


other


than


'default',


which


in


the


default


configuration


is


the


where


authenticated users are placed.

< br>为了获取您的


FreeSWITCH


与拨号方案的安全, 您的向外


去外形除‘缺省之外’是明智的,它在默认配置是在身份验证的用户的位置。< /p>



NOTE: The default port for external connections is 5080.


注意:


为外部连接的默认端


口是


5 080



This also means if you are trying to connect a phone remotely to your


FreeSWITCH


box,


you


must


set


it


to


connect


on


port


5080,


or


change


your


ports


around.


这也意味 着,如果您尝试远程连接到您的手机


FreeSWITCH


框, 您必须将其连接到端口


5080



或者 改变你的端口。


This


confuses


a


lot


of


people.


这混淆了很多人。



As


an


example,


in


X-Lite, if you are connecting to FS from the outside, set your server as



作为一个例子,在


X

< p>
光宝,如果你是从外部连接,设置为


“:5080”。


The dialplan for this profile (per- default) is defined in


此配置文件的拨号规则(每


默认)在



的定义



See



Config_




NAT




The file (and profile) have been depre cated.




文件(和配置文件)< /p>


已被弃用。



Use the External Profile and port 5080.


使用外部配置文件 和端口


5080





其他配置文件概念



Ideas for other SIP profiles you might end up building:


其他


SIP


配置文件的意见你


可能最终建筑:



?



?



?



Routing IPv6


IPv6


的路由



Having multiple profiles for different networks or subnets


经对不同的网络或子网多个配


置文件



Having multiple profiles for different remote hosts/endpoints (remote offices, etc.)


经对不同的远程主机多个配置文件


/


端点(远程办公室等)




拨号规则



The FreeSWITCH dialplan is a full- featured, XML-based call-routing mechanism.



FreeSWITCH


拨号规则是一个全功能的,基 于


XML


的呼叫路由机制。



(There also exists


support


for


Asterisk-like


dialplans


as


well


as


really


fancy


real-time


and/or


back-end


database-driven dialplans.) The best place to get started in learning about the


FreeSWITCH dialplan is the page here on the wiki.


(此外,还存在< /p>


Asterisk


的支持,


如拨号方案以 及真正花式实时和


/


或后端数据库驱动拨号方案。)的最佳位置 大约在


FreeSWITCH


拨号规则学习的开始是拨号规则页 的维基这里。


It


discusses


the


basics


of


the


FreeSWITCH dialplan.


它讨论了


FreeSWITCH


拨号规则的基础 知识。


If you need an XML


primer


check


out


the


information


on


the page


which


will


get


you


pointed


in


the


right


directi on.


如果您需要内,有关


Basic_XML


网页将让你在正确的方向信息的


XML


底漆检查。



There


are


two


other


important


resources


for


you


to


learn


more


about


the


diaplan:


the


small-but-growing page as well as the that comes with a standard FreeSWITCH


i nstallation.


有两个其他重要资源,您了解


dia plan


:小,但增长


Dialplan_Recipes


页以


上,以及默认的拨号规则与标准


Fre eSWITCH


安装中。



It


is


recommended


that


you


compile


FreeSWITCH


with


the


default


configuration


and


make


sure it works before you start making customizations.


我们建议您编译 默认的配置


FreeSWTICH


和确保它工作,然后再开始做 自定义。



Note that the default config files,


including the dialplan, are still being updated.


请注意,默认的配置文

< p>
件,


包括



的拨号规则,< /p>


现正被更新。



It


makes


sense


to


put


your


custom


diaplan


entries into the extensions subdirectory under conf/dialplan.


是有道理的


conf


置于


您 的自定义


diaplan


项目


扩展


到子目录


/


拨号规则。


You may


create one or


more XML files


in this subdirectory, all of which will be included in the dialplan thanks to an



您可以创建一 个或多个在这个子目录


XML


文件,所有这些都将在一个“包括 ”在



的文件指令包含的拨号规则感谢。



By


keeping your customized extensions separate from you will be able to


update without having to re-enter your custom extensions.


通过保持你的


个性化扩 展的



的你将能够更新


< br>的独立,而不必重新输入您的自定


义扩展。




用于测试一些常用的扩展



?



?



?



?



1000, 1001, ..., 1019 - Generic SIP extensions 1000



1001

< br>,


...



1019 -


通用


SIP


扩展



5000 - demo IVR (requires sounds and music files to be installed)


5000 -


演示的


IVR


(需


要声 音和音乐文件被安装)



9995 - five second delay echo test


9995 -


五秒延迟回波测试



9996 - standard echo test


9996 -


回波测试标准



?



9999 - music on hold (requires music files to be installed)


9999


搁置


-


音乐(音乐文件需


要安装)




目录



See for a sample configuration.


见一个示例配置


Config_



The directory holds authentication credentials for other sip endpoints that will


register to freeswitch (most commonly u sers).


该目录保存的其他


SIP


终端,将登记


freeswitch


(最常见的用户)身份验证 凭据。



The directory configuration default is


configured to process the glob $$PREFIX/conf/directory/default/*.xml by the


configuration included in $$PREFIX/conf /directory/*.xml.


该目录默认


配置配置为处 理的


glob


$$PREFIX/conf/directory/default/*.xml


的包括



$$PREFIX/conf/ directory/*.xml.


的。



This may seem confusing but the default will work in most cases.


这似乎令人困惑,


但默认将在大多数情况下。



Feel free to look at the examples in:


$$PREFIX/con f/directory/


随意看看在例子:


$$PREFIX/conf/directory/




用户配置



see for a simple ()


configuration


of a user (endpoint) which will


register


to


freeswitch.


看到一 个简单




Config_

< p>


的用户


(终端)



将登记


freeswitch


配置。




样本网关配置



See for sample gateway configurations for different providers.


见为不同供应商的样


本网关配置


SIP


提供者的例子




outbound registrations to providers can also be made in the outbound profile.



站登记的供应商也可 以在出站的形象。



see this page for a clarification




此解释页




通过网关进行拨号



Add


the


following


to



(in


prefix


/conf/dialplan)


for


11


digit


dialing


(US)


via your newly created gateway configuration above.


以下添加到



文件(在



prefix /conf/dialplan


)为


11


位拨号(美国)。



Remember, the default configuration


provided by FreeSWITCH does not include a diaplan rule for outbound calls via the


gateway you've d efined.


请记住,默认配置


FreeSWITCH


提供不包括为通过您所定义的网关


呼出拨号规则。


You will need to add something similar to the following.


您将需要添

加类似以下。





—拨任意


10


数字


(2223334444)



1+10


号码


()


这里


-->











如果您的提供商不提供回铃音(

< p>
180



183


),你可 以模拟下面的注释行回铃音。






您的供应商或任何你想呼叫的名称











If you want users to register with something other than the number that will reach


them, then is for you.

< p>
如果您希望用户注册的东西超过了他们将达到他们的话,



等是为


您。



**Note:


Not


all


providers


work


this


way,


if


you


have


difficulty


with


routing


incoming


calls from your provider look in the Wiki section for .



**


注意:


不是所有的供应商


合作





这样,如果您有您的路由在为


提供的例子



看维基部分供应商来电困难。




运行


FreeSWITCH


Starting


FreeSWITCH?


is


done


from


the


command


-line.


开始


FreeSWITCH?完成命令行。


The


location of the executable varies depending on your system.


可执行文件的位置取决于


您的系统。


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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