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英语语音基础知识
要想说好英语语音,就要有
英语语音的一些基本知识。以下内容供你参考。
1
.关于语音的几个概念
1)
字母:语言的书写形式。元音字
母
a, e, i(y), o, u,
2)
音标:词的语音形式。
3)
音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有
48
p>
音素。
4)
音节
:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ap'ple, stu'dent,
tea'cher, un'der'stand
5)
元音:
发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
20
元音。
6)
辅音:发
音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
28
辅音。
7)
开音节:
a)
< br>辅音
+
元音
+
< br>辅音
+e name bike
;b)
辅音
+
元音
he, go, hi
8)
闭音节:
a)
< br>辅音
+
元音
+
< br>辅音
bad, bed, sit, hot,
cup; b)
元音
+
辅音
it
9)
重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节
。
2.
元音:
(
注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标
)
1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2)[i] sit, build, miss,
myth
3)[e] bed, desk,
head,
4)[?] bad, land,
bank, stamp
5)[a:] car,
fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6)[
?
] hot, want
7)[
?
:] door,
more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought,
caught
8)[u:] good, who,
blue, soup,
9)[u] look,
put, women, could
10)[
Λ
] cup, come,
blood, rough
11)[
?
:] girl,
work, serve, nurse
12)[
?
] cadre,
ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous,
Saturday
13)[ei] cake,
they, play, eight, great,
14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try,
find, height, eye
15)[
?
u] phone,
cold, boat, soul, grow
16)[au] house, town
17)[
?
i] boy, oil
18)[i
?
] dear,
idea, deer, here, fierce,
19)[
ε
?
] pear,
care, there, fair
20)[u
?
] tour,
poor,
3.
容易混淆的元音
1)[e] [?] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan;
lend land
2)[i:] [ei] real
rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red
write; said side, head, hide
4)[au] [
?
:] house
horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count
corn; cloud clause
5)[au]
[
Λ
] found fond; gown gone;
down don
4.
辅音
1)[p] pen,
2)[b] bed, comb
3)[t] tell,
4)[d], day, played, wanted
5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back,
accept, box
6)[g] big, go,
guess, language
7)[m] man
8)[n] nine, knife, autumn
9)[
η
]
bank, uncle, English, sing,
10)[l] land, world
11)[r] read, write,
12)[f] five, cough, laugh
13)[v] voice, of
14)[
θ
] think,
15)[ ?
] this,
bathe
16)[s] sit, miss,
science, case, scarf
17)[z] zoo, close,
18)[
∫
] sure, she,
social, nation
19)[/]
pleasure,
20)[h] hot, who,
hour
21)[w] wall, what,
answer
22)[j] yes
23)[t
∫
] child,
teach, catch
24)[d/] joke,
bridge,
25)[ts] boats
26)[dz] goods
27)[tr] tree
28)[dr] dream
5.
容易混淆的辅音
1)[v] [w]
vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2)[s]
[
θ
] sink think; sort
thought; miss myth; mass math
3)[z] [?
] closing clothing;
breeze breathe; bays bathes
4)[n] [
η
] thin
thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6.
读音规则
1)
重读音节
(
见元音和辅音的例句
)
2)
非重读音节
[
?
] banana,
student, today, after,
[i] orange,
secret, evening, very, Monday
7.
特殊读音
1)
音的连读:
not at
all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2)
失去爆破:
good girl,
good student, good job, expression, school,
extreme
3)
音的同化:
this year,
Would you do it? Can't you see it?
8.
重音
1)
单词重音
A)
双音节词
a)
一般在第一个音节重读。
letter, sorry
b)
有
a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-,
em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-,
pro-, trans-
等前缀的词,
第
< br>二个音节是重音。
a'bout,
be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn,
res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,
im'press, mis'take,
en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape,
pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)
有
de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-
等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关
,
一
般名词的重音在第一个音节上,
其它的词性
在第二个音节上。<
/p>
'record, re'cord; 'insult,
in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent;
'content, con'tent
d)
有些复合词和带有前缀
re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,
等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known,
'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war,
'post-'war
B)
多音节词
a)
一般倒数第三个音节是重音。
'difficult,
'communist, 'family, e'conomy,
oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b
)
有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。
p>
'carefully, in'definite,
'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording,
dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)
词尾有
-eous,
-grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient,
-ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive
后缀的词,重音在这些
后缀的前
一个音节上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial,
his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics,
ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation,
re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)
词尾有
-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette
后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。
enter'tain,
emplo'yee,
mountai'neer, Japa'nese,
ciga'rette
2)
句子重音
A)
英语的节奏:
(轻)
-
轻
-
重
-
轻
-
(轻)或重
-
轻
-
(轻)
(轻)重
B)
英语句
子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
< br>
C)
实词重读(副词重读)
,虚词轻读
(
冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代
词,物主代词,关
系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词
be.
D)
实词不重读的特殊情况
a)
实词第二次出现
He thinks
of that as a child thinks.
b)
一个名词被第二个名词修饰
I met her in the railway station.
c)
代替词
Which book do
you want? The small one.
d)
感叹词中的
what
和
how
What a good day it is! How beautiful
she is!
e) street
在专有名词中
Wangfujing
Street.
f)
this
在这些短语中,
this
morning/afternoon/evening
E)
虚词重读的特殊情况
a)
情态动词,助动词和系动词
be
在句首,句尾和否定时。
Do
you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I
am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b)
情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be
five already? He must be in the room.
c)
介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is
the person I talked with.
d)
引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he
comes, I'll tell him.
e)
反身代词表示强调。
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