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定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)

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2021-02-12 04:21
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2021年2月12日发(作者:jino)


定语从句



【区别】限制性定语从句

< p>
对先行词起修饰作用(相当于形容词的作用,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用 ,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保


持数的一致。)





非限制性定语从句


对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句。



一、关系代词分类



用于限制性和非限制性定语从句



用于限制性定语从句



非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法:




指人



指物



既指人又指物



1

、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略。



主格词



Who


不可省



That


不可省



2



Who whom which


不能用


that


代替也不能相互替换。



Which



宾格词



Who(m)


可省



3


、< /p>



“介词


+Which/Whom



从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面。



属格词



Whose/of whom


不可省



Whose/of which


不可省



Whose


不可省



4



when where


可以用于非限制定语从句中。




一、关系代词用法



1


、当先行词是不定代词


all



much



little



something



everything< /p>



anything


< br>nothing



none


,< /p>


the one



时。



That


例:


He told me everything that he knows.



(限制定语从句中必须用


2


、当先行词被


the only



the very



any



few


,< /p>


little



no


all


修饰时。



的几种情况)



例:


All the books that you offered has been given out.



3


、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时。



例:


This is the best book that I have ever read.



4


、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时。



例:


We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.



5


、当先行词即有人又有物时。



例:


They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.



6


、当主句的主语是疑问词


who < /p>



which


时。



例:


Who is the man that is making a speech?



7


、有两个定语从句时,其中一个用了


which


另外一个宜用


that




例:


Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before



8


、当先行词在主句中 作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语时。



例:


China is not the country that it was.


9


、当要避免与疑问词

< p>
which


重复时



例:


Which is the car that was made in Beijing?


10.


主句是


There be


结构,修饰物,充当主语的定语从句宜用


that

作关系代词。(备注:在


There be


结构中,修饰人 ,充当


主语的定语从句宜用关系代词


who

指代人




例:


There’s still a seat in the corner


that is still free.









There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.











11


、< /p>


that


有时可用来代替


when


,引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词如


day, time, moment


等。



例:


He worked hard the whole time (when/that) he lived here.






October 1, 1949


was the day when/that the People’s Republic of China was founded.






which,

< br>1.


在非限制性定语从句中,只能用


which


指代物,用


who/whom


指人



例:


He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study



who, whom



情况


As


(即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句


,


在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)



2



the same+


名词


+as



< p>
……


同样的



2.


在由


“介词


+


关系代 词”


引导的定语从句中,


只能用


whi ch


指物,


whom


1



Such+


名词


+as





一样的,像



之类的




指人。



例:


Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.



例:


I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.


3.


先行 词本身是


that


时,


关系词用


which,


先行词为


those, one, he


时多



who




例:


Those who respect others are usually respected by others.



例:



4.


当关系代词后面带有插入语时



3





such



as




such


代词“这样的人或物”


as


在从句中修饰


such


例:


Here


is


the


English


grammar which,


as


have


told


you,


will


help


例:



improve your English.



【区别】



1



引导的非限制性定语

从句只能放在主句后。



2



当定语从句放在主句


后面时并不是


as


就永远


等于


which


例:



⑴当非限制性定语从句


是否定句或表示否定意义


时。只用


which< /p>




例:




⑵从句中


行为动词是主动语态


,一般用


which


做主语。



例:



< br>⑴


as


仍然保持做连词的某种意义



例:



⑵当


as



从句中做主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。



be know,be said




例:




例:




⑶当 非限制性定语从句的


谓语动词是一个复合结构时



只能用


which





as


常用在


as



it



sa me likely, as



it



often happens, as



it



was point out


As



it



was said earlier, as I remember



it



,as I understand



it



,as



it




例:




Appears


例:






【注】 当关系代词


as



which


引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若


as



which


作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。



例:



-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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