-
定语从句
【区别】限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰作用(相当于形容词的作用,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用 ,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保
持数的一致。)
非限制性定语从句
对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句。
一、关系代词分类
用于限制性和非限制性定语从句
用于限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法:
指人
指物
既指人又指物
1
、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略。
主格词
Who
不可省
That
不可省
2
、
Who whom which
不能用
that
代替也不能相互替换。
Which
宾格词
Who(m)
可省
3
、<
/p>
在
“介词
+Which/Whom
”
从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面。
属格词
Whose/of
whom
不可省
Whose/of
which
不可省
Whose
不可省
4
、
when where
可以用于非限制定语从句中。
一、关系代词用法
1
、当先行词是不定代词
all
,
much
,
little
,
something
,
everything<
/p>
,
anything
,
< br>nothing
,
none
,<
/p>
the one
时。
That
例:
He told me everything that
he knows.
(限制定语从句中必须用
2
、当先行词被
the
only
,
the very
,
any
,
few
,<
/p>
little
,
no
,
all
修饰时。
的几种情况)
例:
All the books that you
offered has been given out.
3
、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时。
例:
This is the best book
that I have ever read.
4
、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时。
例:
We talked about the
persons and things that we remembered.
5
、当先行词即有人又有物时。
例:
They talked about the
teachers and the schools that they
knew.
6
、当主句的主语是疑问词
who <
/p>
、
which
时。
例:
Who is the man that is
making a speech?
7
、有两个定语从句时,其中一个用了
which
另外一个宜用
that
。
例:
Edison built up a factory
which produced things that had never been seen
before
8
、当先行词在主句中
作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语时。
例:
China is not the country
that it was.
9
、当要避免与疑问词
which
重复时
例:
Which is the car that was
made in Beijing?
10.
主句是
There be
结构,修饰物,充当主语的定语从句宜用
that
作关系代词。(备注:在
There be
结构中,修饰人
,充当
主语的定语从句宜用关系代词
who
指代人
例:
There’s still a seat in
the corner
that is still free.
There’s a gentleman who wants to see
you.
11
、<
/p>
that
有时可用来代替
when
,引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词如
day, time,
moment
等。
例:
He worked hard the whole
time (when/that) he lived here.
October 1, 1949
was the day
when/that the People’s Republic of China was
founded.
只
用
which,
< br>1.
在非限制性定语从句中,只能用
which
指代物,用
who/whom
指人
例:
He has a son, who
has gone abroad for further study
who,
whom
的
情况
As
(即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句
,
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)
2
、
the same+
名词
+as
…
和
……
同样的
2.
在由
“介词
+
关系代
词”
引导的定语从句中,
只能用
whi
ch
指物,
whom
1
、
Such+
名词
+as
p>
…
像
…
一样的,像
…
之类的
…
指人。
例:
Don’t read such books as
you can’t understand.
例:
I like the person to whom
the teacher is talking.
3.
先行
词本身是
that
时,
关系词用
which,
先行词为
those,
one, he
时多
用
who
。
例:
Those
who respect others are usually respected by
others.
例:
4.
当关系代词后面带有插入语时
3
、
…
p>
such
…
as
…
。
such
代词“这样的人或物”
p>
as
在从句中修饰
such
例:
Here
is
the
English
grammar which,
as
have
told
you,
will
help
例:
improve your
English.
【区别】
1
、
引导的非限制性定语
从句只能放在主句后。
2
、
p>
当定语从句放在主句
后面时并不是
as
p>
就永远
等于
which
例:
⑴当非限制性定语从句
是否定句或表示否定意义
时。只用
which<
/p>
。
例:
⑵从句中
行为动词是主动语态
,一般用
which
做主语。
例:
< br>⑴
as
仍然保持做连词的某种意义
例:
⑵当
as
在
从句中做主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。
(
be know,be
said
)
例:
例:
⑶当
非限制性定语从句的
谓语动词是一个复合结构时
,
只能用
which
。
p>
⑶
as
常用在
as
(
it
)
sa
me likely, as
(
it
)
often happens, as
(
it
)
was point out
As
(
it
)
was said earlier, as I remember
(
it
)
,as I understand
(
it
)
,as
(
it
)
例:
Appears
例:
【注】
当关系代词
as
或
which
引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若
as
或
which
作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
例: