-
定语从句
的用法
:(as
引导定语从句
,
在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
)
①如为限制性的，
多用于
the
same
?
as the same
as
；
such
?
as
?
;
as many/much as
；
so
?
as
等结构中。如：
※
I have the same book as you
(have).
我有一本和你的一样的书。
Her attitude to
him was quite the same as it had always been. (
关系代词
as
和指示代词
same
连用
,
在从句中用作表语
,
先行词是
same.)
②如为非限制
性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，
译为
正如，这一点
。
（动词常为
know, see, expect, point
out, etc.
）
As we
all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as
作宾语
)
=As is known
to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .
（
as
作主语）
=It's known
to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .
PS
：
the same….as
与
the same….that
的异同
Eg
：
this is the
same tool as I used last time.
(
和
…..
同一类
)
This is the same tool that
I used last time
（和
…..
同一个）
●
as & which:
as & which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
①位置的不同：
which
引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；
as
位置较灵活，也就是说
as
可置于所限
制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：
1.
He was late again, which made his teacher very
angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an
honest man.
或
Jack is an
honest man , as you know.
或
As you know, Jack is an
honest man.
②先行词的不同：
as
引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which
引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个
词，一个短语或一个句子。
He was proud,
which his brother never was.
（先行词是一个词）
She was very patient
towards the children, which her husband seldom
was.
He was
proud, which I dislike very
much.
（先行词是一个句子）
He is an honest man, as is known to
all.
He was a foreigner, as I know from his
accent.
③
as
一般译为<
/p>
正如
就像
，
这一点
没有这个意思
as
we all know
；
as you know; as
is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has
been expected;
as we have imagined.
PS:
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑
上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用
which
。如：
Tom was late for school again
and again, which made his teacher very angry.
汤
姆
老
是
迟
到，这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which
made them very heavy.
这些桌子是金属的，这使得
这些桌子很重。
1
当先行词受
such, the same
< br>修饰时，关系词常用
as
。
如：
I’ve
never heard such
stories as he tells.
我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost
last week.
这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样
典型例题
1
）
Alice received
an invitation from her boss, ___came as a
surprise.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. he
2
）
The
weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more
than we could expect.
A.
what
B. which
C. that
D. it
3
）
It rained hard
yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the
park..
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
（
1
）
as
引导的定语从句可置于句首，而
which
不可。
（
2
）
as
代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语
必须是系动词；若为
行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用
wh
ich.
。
在本题中，
prevent
由于是行为动词，
所以正确选项应为
B
介词加关系代词
介词
+which
（指物
),
不可
省
介词
+whom
（指人
),
不可省
介词后不用
who
、
that
把握
“
介词＋关系代词
”
结构
中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
如：
That”s the reason for
wh
ich he was late for school. This is
the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.
介词选择的三大规则：
1.
取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。
（
V+ pre.
）
如：
He is the man whom I
talked with this morning.
2.
取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配。
四
组常考的搭配：
1
）
extent
degree
（程度）同
to
搭配
2
）
price(
具体多少钱时与
at;
若指价格方面与
in
搭配
) speed
rate
同
at
搭配
3
）
field
area
aspect
sphere
（领域，方面）同
in
搭配
例句：
The field in which I
studied in university is psychology.
4) basis
ground
foundation
（基础）同
on
搭配
2.
介词的位置
①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词
which
和
whom
之前，也可放在动词后。
②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前
.
常见的
这类动词短语有
:
Look
for/after/forward to
、
care
for
、
take care
of
、
hear of/about/from,
等
.
2
Tips
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句
,
关键是判断介词的选择
,
方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什
么介词<
/p>
(
习惯搭配
),
再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断
,
结合生活实际来判断<
/p>
.
1.
名词
+
介词
+
关系代词
This is the teacher whose daughter is
a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher
the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.
2.
数词
+
介词
< br>+
关系代词
(
含基数词、序数词
、分数和百分数）
We have three
foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.
3.
代词
+
介词
+
关系代词（代词有
all
、
both
、
none
、
nei
ther
、
either
、
some
、
any
等）<
/p>
The old woman
has two sons, both of whom are teachers.
4.
形容词最高级
+
介词
+
关系代词
China has thousands of islands, the
largest of which is Taiwan Island.
5.
介词
+
关系代词
+
名词
He spent four
years in college, during which time he studied
medicine.
练习题：
1.
The stories about Long
March,_______which this is one example,are well
written.
2.
The
speed_____
___which you drive your car
mustn’t too high.
3.
In the park there are many
flowers,the colour _________ which is bright and
nice.
4.
The
little girl is reading a book,_________which there
are many pictures.
5.
What were the things__________which he
was not too sure?
6.
They held a meeting,_______which the
hospital director made a speech.
7.
The book,_________which he
paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.
8.
Is this the
man________whose house the police found the lost
coloured TV?
9.
The villagers dug along
tunnel__________which they could go to the fields
without being
found by the Japanese
soldiers.
10.
Wu
Dong,_________whom I went to the concert,
enjoyed it very much.
11.
The Second
World War_________millions of people were killed
in 1945.
which
that
which
12.
China has
many rivers,________the Changjiang River
is the longest.
B. in which
which
D. one of which
13.
This is the
very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.
which
which
高考题中对“介词
+
关系代词”定语从句的考查热点：
1
．
“简单介词
+
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配
< br>而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词
在定
语从句中的作用和含义而定。如：
3
The English play ________
my students acted at the New Year's party
was a great success.
A. for
which B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
2
．
考查“
the +
名词
+ of +
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese
vase, ________ was very
reasonable.
A. which price B. the
price of which
C. its price D. the
price of whose
3
．
考查“代词
/
数词
+
介词
of +
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
介词
of
后指人的关系代词只能是
whom,
指物只能是
which
。
也可将
of
which
/
whom
提前，
然后再接代词或数词。
注意这时
of
which
/
whom
不能改为
whose
。
如：
I
have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from
which
C. who of
D. of whom
4
．
考查“介词
+
关系代词”引导定语从句的省略形式。
Frank's dream was to
have
his own shop
________ to produce
the
workings
of his own hands.
A. that B. in which
C. by which
D. how
定语从句高考考点
考点一
:that
与
which
的区别
that
与
which
的区别
只
用
that
的情况
:
1.
先行词为
all,
little, much, everything, nothing,
something, anything
等不定代词
.
4