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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
编稿：陈玉莲
审稿：
梁晓
概念引入：
He is a
person who never gives up.
他是个永远不服输的人。
I
found him in the woods, where has a well-known
tree.
(
我是在树林里找到他
的，那里有一棵很有名的树。
)
Our
guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent
cook.
我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人
She was not on the train which arrived
just now
。
她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上
语法点拨
什么是定语从句？
修饰主语、宾语、
表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词：
who, whom, whose,
which, that
关系副词：
when, where, why
我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句：
1. This is our school. It is beautiful.
→
This is our
school which is beautiful
.
2. This is our school. We study in our
school.
→
This is
our school which we study in.
→
This is our school in which
we study.
→
This
is our school where we study.
3. Do you
know the room?
It is made
of amber.
→
Do
you know the room which is made of amber?
4. I have read the newspaper. It
carries the important news.
→
I have read the newspaper
which carries the important news.
从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出：
先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词
whose
实际上是先行词
的所有格。
1. A plane is a machine
that
can fly.
the machine =
that
2. The boy
who
broke the window is called Wangkai.
the boy =who
3. The boy
whose
parents are working
outside was brought up by his grandfather.
the boy’s =whose
【高清课堂：高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）
356521
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
从句
】
限制性和非限制性定语从句：
?
什么是限制性定语从句？
?
Anyone should
be punished.
è
Anyone who breaks the rules should be
punished.
?
也就是说，
如果一个句子去掉定语从句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么
金戈
这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。
什么是非限制性定语从句？
?
就是不
用限制先行词的定语从句。译成汉语时，主句和从句可以分别翻译，互不影
响。最大的特
点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。
?
She is good at
speaking French, which she learned at school.
?
This book was written by Jack, who was
here a moment ago.
?
I have some
friends, some of whom are teachers.
?
非限制性定语从句的连接词可以用
who,
whom
或
whose,
which
。
不用
< br>that
，也不能
省略。
?
She
had eight children, three of whom became soldiers.
?
Their teacher is a Japanese, whose wife
is a Chinese.
?
My sister, who is a nurse, got married
last month.
?
China has hundreds of islands, the
largest of which is Taiwan.
?
非限制性定语从句还可以用
when
或
where
引起。
?
She is going to
Shanghai, where she was born.
?
We will go home
next week, when we won
’
t be
so busy.a
?
除了前面提到的那些连接词以外，
在下面两种情况下还可以用
as
作为定语从句的连
接词。
1.
当先行词在从句中做主
语或者宾语的时候，
同时先行词又被
same
< br>、
so
或者
such
修饰的时
候。
?
非限制性定语从句除了可以修饰词以外
,
还可以修饰前面整个句子。
?
They invited me
to their party, which is very kind of them.
?
I
was late for school again, which made my teacher
very angry.
?
A student killed his English teacher,
which frightened me very much.
?
Such people as
you said are not good.
?
Let
’
s discuss
only such questions as are interesting to all of
us.
?
I have the same trouble as you have.
?
I
feel just the same as you do.
?
He is so good a
teacher as I like very much.
?
Those are so
difficult the questions as he asked.
2.
在非限定性定语从句中，
as<
/p>
和
which
可代整个主句，相当于
and this
或
and that
。
as
一般
放在句
首，
which
在句中。
?
As
we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
?
Smoking is
harmful to one
’
s health,
which is known to all.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
上述定语从句都是我们已经学过的限制性定语从句。
所谓限制性定语从句，
是指定语从
句部分对先行
词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有
that, which, whom, who,
whose
以及关系
副词
when,
where, why
等，
没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺
少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明
确。
Do you know
the professor who is speaking at the meeting?
你认识那个正在会上讲话的教授吗？
Where is the book which I bought this
morning?
我今天上午买的书在哪儿呢？
此外，
还有一类非限制性定语从句，
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，
去掉了也
金戈
不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗
号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为
相似，只是不能用
th
at
引导。
This letter is from his parents, who
are working in Tibet.
这些信来自他的父母，他们在西藏工作。
English is an important subject, which
every student should study well.
英语是一门重要的科目，每个学生都应该学好。
This is our headmaster, who I think has
something to tell you.
这是我们校长，我认为他有
一些重要的事情要告诉你。
(
校长只有一位
)
限定性：对先行词起修饰限制作用
<
/p>
非限定性：对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句有逗号隔开
.
He returned home safe and sound
after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which
B.
where C. that D. it
1.
从形式上看
限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连之间不用逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与先行词之
间必须用逗号隔开。
Mr. Smith
，
who
came to see me yesterday
，
is
one of my best friends.
昨天来
看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。
(
非限制性定语从句
)
This is the
teacher who has taught for 30 years.
这就是那位有
30
< br>年教龄的老师，你想见的那个人。
(
限制性定语从句
)
2.
从意义上讲
限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，具有限制作用，
两者关系紧凑，
如果将其去掉，
会影
响句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，<
/p>
有时甚至于引起费解、
误解；
而非限制性
定语从句仅仅
对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，
不起限制作用两者
关系不那么紧密，
可以省略，
省略后主句
的意思仍然完整；
Her sister who teaches us English will
go abroad next year.
她教我们英语
的姐姐明年将出国。
(
限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的
姐姐。
)
Her
sister
，
who teaches us
English
，
will go abroad next
year.
她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。
(
非限制性定语从句，对先行词
her sist
er
起到补充
说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。
)
The old man has a
son, who is in the army.
那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
（非限定性定语从句是对
son
进行补充、说明。
“这位老人只有一个儿子”
）
The
old man has a son who is in the army.
“那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
限定性定语从句就要对先行词
son
进行限定、
修
饰。
（
“这位老人有一个
儿子在部队工作”
，
也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的
工作）
3.
从翻译方法来看
一般来说，
限制性定语从句多半译成
汉语的前置定语，
修饰其后的先行词，
非限制性定
语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。
This is the house which we
bought last year.
这是我们去年买的那幢房子。
< br>（限制性）
The house
，
which
we bought last month
，
is very
nice
．
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
(
非限制性
)
The teachers who
are kind are popular with the students.
金戈
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