-
.
定语从句（一）
--------
关系代词的用法
一．定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修
饰某一名词或代词的从句叫
定语从句
。被修饰的名词或代词叫<
/p>
先行词
，定
语从句一般放在先行词的后面
。引导定语从句的词叫做
关系词
。
<
/p>
关系词有三个作用：
1
、
引导定语从句
;2
、
代替先行
词；
3
、
在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的
关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括
that
，
which
，
who
，
w
hom
和
whose
，关系副词包括<
/p>
where
，
when
，
why
等。
三、关系代词的用法
关系代词
That
Which
先行词
时间
指代人还是物
人和物
物
在从句中的作用或
成分
时间状语
在从句中的成分
主语和宾语
主语和宾语
关系词
When=
Who
人
Whom
人
Whose
人和物
部分特殊先行词的关系词选择
主语和宾语
宾语
定语
.
.
主语
/
宾语
地点
场合
地点状语
主语
/
宾语
原因状语
主语
/
宾语
方式状语
主语
/
宾语
地点状语
主语
/
宾语
Reason
Way
Point,situation,
condition,s
tage,cas
e
…
in/on/during/at
…
+
which
That/which
Where=in/on/a
t
…
+ which
That/which
Why=for which
(
非限
制性定语从句
只能用
for which)
That/which
That/in
which/
省略
That/which
Where=in which
That/which
Mary likes
music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音
乐。
（
that
作主语）
The coat
（
that
）
I put on the desk is blue.
（<
/p>
that
作宾语）
2.
which
The
building which stands near the train station is a
supermarket.
（作主语）
The film
（
which
）
we saw last night
was wonderful.
（作宾语）
3.
who
指人在从句中做主语或宾
语，
作主语不可省略，
作宾语可省略。
例如：
The boys who are
playing
football are from Class One.
翻译：
4.
whom
指人，
在定语从句中充当宾语，
常用
who
代替，
可省略。
例如：
Mr.
Ling is just the man
whom I want to
see.
翻译：
5.
.whose
< br>通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a
doctor.
(2) I once lived
in a house whose roof has fallen in.
(3) The classroom whose door is broken
will soon be repaired.
(4)
The classroom the door of which is broken will
soon be repaired.
(5) Do
you like the book whose cover is yellow?
.
.
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is
yellow?
2.
关系词只能用
that
的情况：
a
.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，
或本身是序数词、
基数词、
形容词最高级时
;
例如：
He was the first
person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b
.
被修饰的先行词为
all
，
any
，
much
，
many
，
everything
，
anything
，
none
，
the
one
等不定代词时；例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy
in the shop
？
你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？
c.
先行词被
the
only
，
the
very
，
the
same
，
the
last
，
little
，
few
等词修饰时；例如：
This is the same bike that I
lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.
先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：
I can remember well the persons and
some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.
以<
/p>
who
或
which
引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用
that.
例如：
Who is the girl that is
crying
？
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
1.
Do you know the man who is talking with our
teacher?
先行词是
，关系代词是
，指（人
/
物）
，在定语从句中作
语。
2. This is the
doctor whom
I saw
yesterday.
先行词是
，关系代词是
，指（人
/
物）
，在定语从句中作
语。
3.
Do you like the book whose color is
blue?
先行词是
，关系代词是
，指（人
/
物）
，在定语从句中作
语。
4.
I’ve lost the pen which I like
best.
先行词是
，关系代词是
，指（人
/
物）
，在定语从句中作
语。
5. The person
that telephoned me is a reporter
先行词是
，关系代词是
，指（
人
/
物）
，在定语从句中作
语。
做题思路：
1
、首先要分清主句与从句；
2
、然后找出先行词
3
、分析从句中缺少什么成分；
< br>4
、再看先行词指人，还是指物；
5
、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。
1. The man ____ is standing there is my
father.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
2. The
girl ______coat is red is waiting at the
gate
A. who’s
B.
whose
C. that
of which.
3. That is the day ______I'll
never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
.
.
4. Who was
the man _____ spoke to you just now?
A.
who
B. whom
C. that
5. It
is the best film ____ she has ever seen.
A.
that
B. which
C. when
6. China is a country
_____
has a long history.
A.
who
B. which
C.
where
7. The boy ___ I talked with just now
is my best friend.
A. who
B. which
C. where
8. We know Jackie Chan ___ movies are
very popular with the young.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
9. He talked a lot about things and
persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
10. The pen ______he is writing is
mine.
A. with which B. in
which C. on which D. by which
填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。
1. The family _____had lost everything
in a big fire got much help from their friends.
2. This is the book
you want.
3. I once lived in
a house
window was broken.
4. The first
thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
5. The house _____we live in is very
old.
6
. Didn’t you see the
man ______I talked with just
now
？
7
. I’m waiting for the woman
w
ith
you
talked just now.
8. The town in
he lives is far from here.
9 This is the biggest building
________we have ever built in our school.
10.
This
is
the
second
school
________
I
used
to
work
at,
and
many
students
there
still
have
contact with me.
定语从句（二）
---
关系副词的用法
一．概述
定语从句中的关系副词是
where
，
when
和
why
，
1.
when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
eg. I still remember the day when I
first came to the school.
2.
where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
eg. Shanghai is the city
where I was born.
3.
why
指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语
eg.
Please tell
me the reason why you are late.
其中
why
的用法比较固定，
通常先行词必须是
the
reason
，
when
和
where
的用法要求有两点，
第一，
先行词分别表示时间和地点，
第二，
一定要在从句中作状语，
否则即使先行词是指时间
地点的也不能用
when
和
whe
re
。
.
.
二．关系副词
=
< br>介词
+
关系代词
关系副词引导的从句可以由
“
介词
< br>+
关系代词
”
引导的从句替换<
/p>
why=for which
where=in/at which
when=in/on/during
which
：
1. The
reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is
not clear.
翻译：
2. I
don
’
t know the year when/in
which he went to school.
翻译：
3. Great
changes have taken place in the city in
which./where I was born.
翻译：
三
.
判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别
：
方法一
：
用
关系代词，
还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物
动词后面无宾语，
就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；
而及物动词后接宾语，
则要求用关系代词。
例
如：
This is
the village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days
when I worked together with you.
方法二
：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分
(
主、谓、宾、定、状
)
，也能正确选择出关系
< br>代词
/
关系副词。
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition
was held?
Is this the
museum ____you visited?
A.
where
B.
that
C.
on which
1. That
is the town ______ he was born.
B. where
C. when
D. why
2.
Is
this
the
factory
__________
he
worked
ten
years
ago?
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
the
one
3. Is this the river
_____I can swim
？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
4. I love places ______the people are
really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C.
where
D. who
5.
It there anyone in your class ______family is in
the country?
A. who
B. who's
C.
which
D. whose
6. I can never forget the day _______
we worked together and the day ______ we spent
together.
A. when; which B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when
7. This
is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D.
for which
8. The house
I lived ten years ago has been pulled
down.
9. The house
I
lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.
10.
I don’t know the
reason
he looks unhappy
today.
考点一：关系代词
who,whom,whos
e
的选择：
1.
This is the
man _____often helps you.
.