限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别74505

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，

起限定作用，

与被修

饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不 完整。例如：

This is the very person

that

is wanted by the police

.

He is the man

who /that lives next door

.

It was a meeting

whose importance I did not realize at the time

.

非限制性定语从句只是用 来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，

与先行词关

系比较松散，先行 词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去：

He

will

not

be

able

to

spend

the

holiday

with

his

family,

which

is

a

big

annoyance to him.

The

minister

,

who

is

to

visit

our

university

,

is

said

to

be

a

Qinghua

University graduate.

The book

,

which

your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore

,

is very useful

in improving your spoken English.

The businessman

,

whose

suitcase has been found by a stranger

,

has left for

Beijing.

如果定语从句的先 行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词

(my,

his,

etc)

或形容词性指示代词

(thi s,

that,

etc)

作限定词 的名词词组，其后的定语从

句通常为非限制性的。例如：

The

Thames

, which is now clean enough to swim in

,

was polluted for over

a hundred years.

My

mother

, who

has been on a visit to Australia

,

will fly back tomorrow.

All of

these

books,

which

have been donated by visiting professors

,

are to

be used by the children in Hope School.

限制性 定语从句的先行词只能是名词，

代词或名词性词组，

而非限制性

定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，

还可能是句子的 一部分或是

整个句子。例如：

They say he plays truant,

which

he doesn’t

.

[which

指代

plays truant]

The meeting was put off till next month,

as

we hoped

. [as

指前面的句子

]

下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：

表一：

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

1

< br>．

提供确定或限定主句中某个名词的信

息。

2

．由深层嵌入句派生而来。

3

．

无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊

标点符号（逗号

/

插入语

< br>/

破折号）

。

4

．不可以修饰整个命题，只修饰一个名

词。

5

．可使用

that

和

who(m),which

等关系< /p>

代词。

6

．不常用来修饰专有名词。

7

．可修饰带有

any

或

every

等类属限定

词 的中心名词。

非限制性定语从句

< /p>

1

．提供对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附

加信息。

2

．由两个独立的深层嵌 入句派生而来。

3

．书面语中用逗号 ，口语中用特殊的停顿

和降低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来。

4

．可以修饰一个中心名词，或以评价的形

式修饰整个命题。

5

．

That

不能当作关系代词，只可用

wh-

代

词。

6< /p>

．既可修饰普通名词，也可修饰专有名词。

7

．不可修饰带有

any

every

等类属限定

词的中心名词。

定语从句中的关系代词

3.2.1

关系代词

that, which, who

在定语从句中做主语

< br>在限制性定语从句中，

who

或

that

用于指人，

that

或

which

用于指物，

它们在定语从句中代替 名词性主语或代词性主语，不能省略。例如：

He is the man

who/that

lives here

.

[

不能说：

×He is the man who he lives

here.]

The bag

which

／

that

has been put there for a long time

belongs to Wang

Hong

．

3.2.2 who(m), which, that

在定语从句中作宾语

表示人 的时候用

who(m)

或

that,

它们在从句中代替名词性宾语或宾格

代词，作定语从句宾语的< /p>

whom/that

通常可以省略，在口语中常用

who

代

替

whom

。例如：

He’s the man

whom

/

that

I met

.

There are some people here

who

I want you to meet.

< br>表示动物和东西的时候应用

which/that:

The

pieces

of

music

(

that

)

he

has

composed

are

sung

by

many

pop

singers.

Taxes consist of money (

that

)

people pay to support their government

.

They’re the postcards

which

I sent from America

.

3.2.3

who(m), which

或

that

作介词的宾语，关系代词可省略。

定语从句的介词的位置非常重要，我们可以说：

He is the person

to whom

I wrote

.

[

非常正式用法

] (

但不可以说：

×to

who).

或：

He is the

person

who

(

m

)

I wrote to

. /He is the person (

whom

)

I wrote

to

.

This is the pan

in which

I boiled the milk

.

[

非常正式用法

]

或：

This is the

pan

which

I boiled the milk in

. / This is the pan (

that/which

)

I

boiled the milk in

.

3.2.4

whose +

名词

关系代词

whose

是既可用于限制性定语从句，

也可用于非限制性定 语从

句，在从句中作定语，一般用来指人，代替所有格形容词（

my, his, your, her,

its

等）

，在从句中当定语，没有阴性、阳性或单数、复数的变化；有时也可

指 物，指物时可以用

of which

代替。例如：

The professor

whose

daughter teaches you English

is Dr. Williams.

The

bicycle

whose

brake

was

damaged

has

now

been

repaired.

=The

bicycle, the

brake

of which

was damaged

, has now been repaired.

Edison is a great inventor

whose

fame

is world- wide

.

3.2.5

that

的用法

1

、

that

只用于限制性定语从 句，既可指人，又可指物，在句中用做主语或

宾语。

（见

3.2.1

、

）

2

、当先行词是

all

，

much

，

little,

the

one,

anything,

something,

nothing,

everything, none

等不定代词时，关系代词只用

that

。例如 ：

There is little

that can be done about it

.

That's all

that

I knew about it

.

Is there

anything

that

I can do for you

Have you done

everything

that

is assigned to you

3

、先行词被形容词最 高级以及

first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very

等词修饰时，关系代词只用

th at

。

例如：

It is

the most interesting film

that

I’ve

ever read

.

The

best thing

that

he could do at present

is to leave.

This is the

first time

that

he has been there

.

She is the

only one

that

has finished her task on time

.

At the very beginning, we have just too

much

work

that needs to be done

.

4

、在

there be

句型中，只用

that,

不用

which

。

例如：

There are

some people

that

I’d like to introduce to you

.

There is

a very interesting story

that

every child would like to listen to

.

5

、 先行词既有人，又有物时，用

that

。

例如：

A victim is a

person, animal or thing

that

suffers pain, death, harm, etc

.

The

man

and

his

dog

that

were

napping

outside

the

room

were

photographed by the journalist.

6

、在

“It

is

+

名词

+

定 语从句

that

。

例如：

It

is always the mouth which talks too much

that incurs troubl es

.

（

言多必

失。

）

It

is only a man who is quite experienced

that

can fulfill this task

.

3.2.6

which

的用法

< br>1

、

which

一般只用于指物

(a)

，有时也用来指性别不明的婴儿

(b)

。

例如：

a: The

tiles

which

fell off the roof

caused serious damage.

b: The

baby

which

the nurse has just brought in

is John’s child.

2

、< /p>

如果指物的关系代词紧跟在介词后面，

只能用

which

，

不能用

that

。

例如：

This is the

house

in which

she spent her childhood.

The

agency

from which

we bought our tickets

is bankrupt.

3

、引导非限制 性定语从句时，用来指物替代名词词组。

例如：

This

book

,

which

has only been reviewed

,

was published a year ago.

4

、替代整个句子或句子的一部分：

The meeting has been put off till next Friday,

which

is good news to them

.

(

指代整个主句

)

She said

that her son would become a scientist

,

which

we thought possible. < /p>

(

指代

that

分句

)

She is

very attentive in class

,

which

he rarely is. (

指代整个短语

)

3.2.7

as

的用法

1

、

as

引导限制性定语从句时，

常与

such

或

t he same

连用，

构成

the same…as;

1

+

定语从句

2

”

的强调结构中，从句

2

要用

s

uch…as

结构，

as

用于 代替指人或物的先行词

。例如：

I have never eaten

such

tasty foods

as

she cooked me

.

Such

books

as

there were on the shelf

interested us.

I have got into

the same

trouble

as

he (has)

.

试比较

the same…as

和

the same…that

：

This is

the same book

as

I read last we ek

.

（

这和我上周读的那本书是一< /p>

样的。

）

This is

the same

book

that

I read last year

.

（这就是我上 周读的那本

书。

）

如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别，例如：

She told me

the same story

as/that

she had told you

.

I had

the same difficulty

that/as

you had last year

.

在