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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、
定语的概念
:定语通常由形容词来
担任,起限定和修饰名词或代词的作用。
①
She is a beautiful girl.
p>
(
beautiful
是定语)
二、定语从句的概念
:由一个句子来担任定语的
功能,相当于一个形容词,用来限定和修饰名词或代词。
②
She is a girl who is
beautiful.
(
who is
beautiful
这整个句子做定语)
三、定语从句中的概念
例:
?
This is an old computer. It
works much slower.
(这是两个简单句,其中后一句中的
it
代替
an old computer)
→
This is an old
computerwhich/thatworks much slower.
(这是一个复合句,
which/that
代替
an old
computer
引导定语从句)
②
The CD is very
good. I bought the CD.
→
The
CD that/which I bought is very good.
③
This is the
lived in the house two years ago.
→
This is the house where we
lived two years ago.
A.
先行词:是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
B.
关系词:引导定语从句的词
?
关系词主要起三个作用:
1.
代替先行词
p>
2.
在定语从句中作句子成分引导从句
3.
把从句和主句连接起来
四、定语从句的分类:
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
形式上
意义上
译法上
先行词
限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开
非限制性定语从句
用逗号和主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定语,去掉后句意不完整
是对先行词的补充说明,删除后句子意思仍完整
翻译成先行词的定语,“??的??”
只能是名词或代词
A.
作宾语时可省略
;
通常翻译成主句的并列句
可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子
A.
不可省;
B.
不用
that;
C.
不用
w
ho
代替
whom;
要换为
for which
关系词
B
.
可用
that;
C.
可用
who
代替
whom;
D.
可用
p>
why
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①形式不同:
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词。非限制性定语从句仅作为补充 p>
或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个句子。
Eg:This is the house which we bought
last month.
(限制性)
The house,
which we bought last month, is very nice.
(非限制性)
②功能不同:
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,
如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不
清。而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不失分密
切,只是对于其做一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如
果将非限定性定语从句省略,主
句的意义仍然完整。
Eg:
①
People who
take physical exercise live
longer.
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义。)
②
His
daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home
next week.
(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整。)
③翻译不同:
在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前面,而把非限定性语从句与主句分 p>
开。翻译下列句子,注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意义上的区别。
p>
1.
He
has a brother who is a physicist.
他有一个当医
生的兄弟。(不止一个兄弟,其中一个是医生)
He has a brother, who is a
physicist.
他有一个兄弟,是个医生。(只有一个兄弟)
2.
He returned
all the books which are written in English.
他把所有的英文书都归还了。(还有别的书没归还)
He returned all
the books, which are written in
English.
他把所有的书都归还了;这些书都是英文书。
*
想一想:
为什么当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时
,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的
?
【随即随练】翻译下列句子
1.
The man who
lives next door is a doctor.
住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。
2.
My sister, who
lives next door, is a doctor.
我姐姐是个医生,住在我的隔壁。
3.
In our school
there are eight foreign teachers who come from
Australia.
我们学校有八位来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。
4.
In our school
there are eight foreign teachers, who come from
Australia.
我们学校共有八位外籍教师,他们来自澳大利亚。
④关系词的使用情况有所不同
p>
●
关系代词
:
wh
ich, that, who, whom, whose
●
关系副词
:
when, where, why
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▼限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
从句中关系代词的使用对比表:
限制性定语从句
作主语
作宾语
作定语
非限制性定语从句
作主语
作宾语
作定语
(
1
)关系代词使用情况不同
例
1. This is the girl whom I
met in the street.
例
2. A
young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to
impress.
1
)指人时,作
宾语,在限制性定语从句中,
who
可用,但在非限制性定语从
句中
who
不可用。
判断以上两个例句哪个可以用
who
2
)
that
不可以用于引导非限制性定语从句(同上判断)
3
)关系代词省略情况不同(判断)
【牛刀小试】
在下列横线上填入适当的关系代词
1.
The is the
book
whose
cover is blue
2.
The woman
who/whom/that
we talked about is my
sister.
3. The house,
which
we bought last
month, is very nice.
4. A company
whose
profits from home markets are declining
may seek opportunity.
5. The man
who/that
lives next door
is a doctor.
6. Her sister has become a
lawyer,
which
she
wanted to be.
7. He met with a pretty
girl in the park,
whom
he fell in love
at first sight.
8. He has a brother,
who
is
a physicist.
(
2<
/p>
)关系副词有
when,where
,<
/p>
why
三个,在定语从句中一般做状语
代指人
who
whom
(不可省略)
whose
代指物
which
which
(不可省略)
whose
代指人
who, that
who, whom,
that,(
可省略
)
whose
代指物
that, which
which,
that(
可省略)
whose
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