-
It
的用法（专项总结及训练）
一、
人称代词
1
，
it
的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的
事物，以避免重复
:
①
They watched the train
until it disappeared in the distance.
2
.
，也可以指动物或婴儿
(
未知性别的
婴儿或孩子
):
②
Is this your dogNo, it
isn’t.
③
They got
a baby and it was a ten-pounder
3.
，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景
:
③
I hate it when people talk
with a full mouth.
．
< br>二、
.
非人称代词
有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值
、度量、温度、环境等
：
⑴
.
指天气：
It is a lovely day,
isn’t
it
⑵
.
指时间
:
It was nearly midnight when she came
back.
⑶
.
指日期
:It is April First
today.
⑷
.
< br>指距离
:It is some 3000 kilometers from
Beijing to Guangzhou.
⑸
.
指价值
:It is three
dollars.
⑹
.
指温度
:Today it is 30 degrees
centigrade.
|
三、
其他用法
1.
在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事
：<
/p>
①
Who is it there
It's I (me/you/he.....).
②
I thought it
was Mary, but it was not she.
③
Her
face lighted when she saw who it was.
2.
泛泛的指某件事：
(
有时泛指一般情况
)
①
It doesn’t matter.
②
It is a shame,
isn’t
it
？
③
How
is it going(
情况怎样
)
④
It says in the newspaper
that......
用在一些词组中，
it
没有特别的意思
The last
train's gone. Come on, we'll foot
it.(
来，咱们步行吧。
)
四、<
/p>
作形式主语
，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：
1.
作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴
It
is clear ( obvious
，
true
，
possible
，
certain....) that
从句
常译为＂┅清楚的（显然
的，真的，可能的
,
肯定的．
．
．
）＂
It is very
clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That
he’s
round and tall like a tree is very clear.
⑵
It is important
( necessary
，
right
，
strange
，
natural...) that
从句
常译
为┅是重
要的
(
必要的
,
对的
,
奇怪的
,
自然的┅
).that
后的从句中要用虚拟语气（
should
+
动词原
形）
，
should
可以省去，
建议记
住该句型中的形容词。
①
It is important
that we (should) learn English well.
②
It is necessary
that he (should) remember these words.
⑶
It
is
said
(reported/
learned/believed/
thought/known/told/hoped.....)
that
从句
常
译为
＂据说（据报道，据悉．
．
．
）＂。<
/p>
①
It is said that he has come
to Beijing.
②
It is reported that another
earth satellite has been put into orbit.
⑷
It
is
suggested
(
advised/
ordered
/
demanded/
insisted/
commanded...
)
that
从
句
.that
后的从句要用虚拟语气
（
should
+
动词原形）
，
should
可以省；
常译为＂据建议；
有命令．
．
．
）
①
It is suggested
that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
②
It
was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two
hours.
⑸
It is
time ( about time
，
high time
) that
从句
(
虚拟语气
:
动词用过去时
did)
①
It is time
that children went to bed.
②
It is time you
bought a new car.
③
It is (high )
time you made up your mind.
⑹
It is the first ( second
... ) time that
从句
(
从句用现在完成时
have done
)
It
was the first ( second ... ) time that
从
句
(
从句用过去完成时
had
done )
< br>常译为＂是第一（二）
．
．
．次
．
．
．＂。
It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been
here
⑺
It is a
pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a
surprise/... ) that
从句
.
—
that
后的从句一般用虚拟语气（
sho
uld +
动词原形）
，
shoul
d
可省去．表示出乎意料，
常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，
则不用虚拟语气。
①
It is a pity that such a
thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班
上，真是遗憾！
②
It is a pity that he is
ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
⑻
It happens
(seems
，
looks
，
appears ) that
从句
.
常译为
“
碰巧…
,
似乎是…
,
< br>看起来…
”
①
It happened (
so happened ) that he met his teacher in the
street.
碰巧．
．
.
②
It seems that
he will be back in a few days.
看来．
．
．
2.
作形式主语替代不定式
.
⑴
It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
不定式的逻辑主语是由
of
引起，
主句中的形容词必须是能
表示逻辑主语特
征的褒义或贬义形容词。
常见的词有：
bad
，
brave
，
careless
，
clever
，
cruel
，
foolish
，
good
（好心的）
，
honest
，
horrible
，
kind
，
lazy
，
modest
，
naughty
，
nice
（有教养的）
，
polite
，
rude
，
silly
，
stupid
，
wise
，
wrong
（错误的）等。
这个句型可以改写为：
sb. is
kind to do sth.
。
如
:It
is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say
so.
⑵
It is
necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .
不定式的逻
辑主语是由
for
引起，主句中的形容词通
常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。
常见的形容词有：
important
，
necessary
，
natural easy
，
safe
，
common
，
normal
，
hard
，
difficult
，
dangerous
，
unusual
，
rare
，
impossible
，
pleasant
如
:It is important for her to
come to the party. = It is important that she
(should ) come to the
party.
⑶
It takes sb.
... to do sth.
常译为＂做．
．
．要花费某人．
．
．＂。
如
:It took thousands of
people many years to build the Great Wall.
<
3.
作形式主语替代动名词短语
It is no good / no use / useless doing
sth.
常译为
“
┅有好处或没有用
”
①
It is no good
learning English without speaking English.
②
It's useless trying to
argue with Shylock.
五、
作形式宾语
，
代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句
。
We think it important to
learn a foreign language.
该句型中的
it
作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：
think,
believe,
make
,find
consider,
feel
；
如
:
We
think it our duty to clean our classroom every
day.
He felt it important learning English
well.
They found it difficult that they would
finish their work in two days.
The
Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in
touch with customers.
六
、
.
it
的重要句型<
/p>
1.
强调句型
:
It
is/was
+
被强调部分
+
that
从句
(
被强
调的主语如果是人，
that
可以由
w
ho
换用
)
①
It was about
600 years ago that the first clock with a face and
an hour hand was made.
②
It was they that (who )
cleaned the classroom yesterday.
③
It was in the street that I
met her father.
④
It was yesterday that I met
her in the street.
⑤
It is
you that /who are wrong.
特例
:It is not until +
被强调部分
+ that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，
译成汉语＂直到
．
．
．才．
．
．＂，可以说是
not ... until ...
的强调形式。
It was not
until she took off her dark glasses that I
realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark
glasses did I realize she was a famous film
star.
；
= I didn’t realize she was a famous
film star until she took off her dark
glasses.
Choose the best
answer
took us
over an hour _______ along the street.
walk
think it a great honour _______to visit your
country.
invite
invited
be invited
people now make
_______a
rule to buy cards for their friends before
Christmas.
4.
_______is very clear to everyone that
he's round and tall like a tree.
the United States, bus
travel doesn't cost much as train travel,
_______
？
't they
it
they
't it
is at the door, who is
_______
？
7.
—
It is raining
cats and dogs.
—
_______ .
it
is
is it
it
is
is it
8.
—
My home is in
that tall building over there.
—
_______
？
it
see
see it
be seen
it
it be seen
9. _______ raining hard for 3 hours
without stopping.
is
was
has been
had been
10.
—
Has the boy
got his bicycle now
？
—
Yes, the police
gave _______.
to
him
to it
to him
to
it
's no use
_____
over spilt
milk.
you
cry
you to cry
is important _______ their offer.
reject
_______been
decided when we are to hold the sports-
meeting
？
14.
—
Did Li Lei
call me while I was out
？
—
Yes, it was
_______ that called you.
is wrong with the radio
_______
？
't it
that
it
't that
don't know _______makes her afraid of
having her business discussed.
it is about Mary that
is it abut Mary what
is it about Mary that
is about Mary what
17. .It was with great joy _______he
received the news that his long lost son would
return home
don't think _____difficult for a
Chinese student to master a foreign language
within five years
's the second time you _______late this
week.
arrived
arrived
will not be
_______we meet again.
before
long
after
after
's
demanded that we _______there on foot.
to go
't
go
go
't go
22.“It”
is often used to
_______a baby.
to
to
to
to
was not until 1936
_______
basketball became a
regular part of the Olympic Games.
24.
_______you
met the Englishman
？
it was that
it was that
was it that
was that
she has gone to the United
States
？
it true
it true
is true
was true
26.
_______certain that his invention will
lead to the development of production.
's
is
's
's
27.
_______in 1914 _______the First World
War broke out
？
that, that
that, when
it. that
it, when
is important that she _______with Mr
Williams immediately.
speak
speak
there′s
another
good harvest this year.
says
is said
was said
was said
is the first time
_______the play.
've
watched
'll watch
watch
would watch
参考答案
B
15
C
it
用法完全归纳
，
一、
it
作人称代词的用法
1.
指事物
作为人称代词，
it
可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：
I
dropped
my
watch
and
it
broke.
我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
It’s
hard
work,
but
I
enjoy
it.
工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
“Where
is
the
dog”
“It’s
in
the
bedroom.
”
“
狗在哪
”“
在卧
室里
”
。
2.
指人
it
指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：
Is
it
a
boy
or
a
girl
是男孩还是女孩
There
is
a
knock
on
the
door.
It
must
be
the
postman.
有人在敲门，
一定是邮递员。
)
【说明】
在答语中，常用来指本人，如说
It’s
me
。
3.
代替某些代词
代词
it
还可用于代替指示代词
this,
that
以及复合不定代词
something,
anything,
not
hing
等。如：
“What’s
this”
“It’s
a
new
machine.
”
“
这是什么
”“
是一种新机器
”
。
Nothing
is
wrong,
is
it
没出什么问题，是吗
二、
it
作非人称代词的用法
1.
基本用法
it
作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现
象
。如：
It’s
too
late
to
go
there
now.
现在去那儿已经太迟了。
;
It
rained
all
day
yesterday.
昨天下了一天的雨。
It
can
get
very
hot
here.
这里有时会很热。
2.
用于某些句型
It’s
time
for
sth.
该做某事了。
It’s
time
to
do
sth.
该做某事的时候了。
It’s
time
for
sb
to
do
sth
.
某人该干某事了。
It’s
(about
/
high)
time
+
that
-
从句
.
某人该做某事了
。
(
从句谓语用过去式，
有时也用
“should+
动词原形
”)
It’s
first
(second)
time
+ <
/p>
that
-
从句
.
某人第几次干某事。
(
从句谓语用
现在完成时
)
It’s
+
时间段
+
since-
从句
.
自从
……
有一段时间了。
It’s
+
时间段
+
before-
从句
.
过多长的时间才
……
!
三、
it
用作形式主语
1.
基本用法
当不定式、
动名词、
从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的
主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语
it
。如：
It’s
very
important
to
remember
this.
记住这一点很重要。
It’s
hard
work
climbing
mountains.
爬山是费劲的事。
It’s
unknown
when
he
will
come.
他什么时候来还不知道。
2.
用作形式主语的的重要句型
(1)
It
+
be
+
adj.
for
(of)
sb
to
do
sth
某人做某事
……
It
is
hard
for
him
to
make
up
his
mind.
他很难下定决心。
?
It
was
foolish
of
her
to
say
such
a
thing.
她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。
【说明】
介词
of
与
for
的区别是：
of
用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词
for
表
示对象，意为
“
对
……
来说
”
(from
。
(2)
It
takes
sb
+
时间段
+
to
do
sth.
某人做某事花了
……
时间
It
takes
years
to
master
a
new
language.
要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
【说明】
此句型可以有以下多变种变体：
It
took
me
an
hour
to
write
the
letter.
=Th
e
letter
took
me
an
hour
(to
write).
=I
took
an
hour
to
write
the
letter.
我写这封信花
了一个小时。
3)
It
is
up
to
sb
to
do
sth.
该由某人做某事
It’s
up
to
you
to
to
make
the
choice.
得由你来作选择。
(4)
it
look
(
seem,
appear,
happen,
occur)
that
[as
if]…
似乎
……
It
seemed
as
though
he
didn’t
recognize
me.
他似乎没认出我来。
It
happened
that
I
was
out
when
he
called.
他打电话时我碰巧不在家。
；
(5)
If
it
were
not
for…
/
If
it
hadn’t
been
for…
若不是因为
……
If
it
were
not
for
their
help,
we
could
n’t
have
got
over
the
difficulties.
要不是他们
帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。
四、
it
用
作形式宾语
1.
基本用法
当不定式、
动名词、
从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，
< br>通常会在宾语
补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为<
/p>
“
动词
+it+
宾语补足语
+
不
定式
< br>(
动名词或从句
)”
。如：
I
find
it
difficult
to
do
the
job
well.
我发现做好这件事不容易。
I
think
it
best
that
you
should
stay
here.
我认为你最好住这儿。
We
think
it
no
use
complaining.
我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
2.
用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
^
(1)
动词
+
it
+
that-
从句。如：
I
like
it
that
you
came.
你来了，我很高兴。
I
take
it
(that)
he
will
come
on
time.
我认为他会准时来的。
You
can
put
it
that
it
was
arranged
before.
你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor
has
it
that
the
defence
minister
will
soon
resign.
据传闻，
国防部长不久就要
辞职。
【说明】
能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
have,
take,
put,
like
等。
(2)
动词
+
it
+
when
(if)-
从句。如：
I
dislike
it
when
you
whistle.
我不爱听你吹口哨。
(from
really
appreciate
it
when
s
he
offered
to
help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I’d
prefer
it
if
I
didn’t
have
to
do
so
much
work.
要是我不必做
那么多工作，
好就太
好了。
【说明】
能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
enjoy,
hate,
love,
like,
dislike,
apprecia
te,
prefer
等。
@
(3)
动词
+
prep
+
it
+
that-
从句。如：
See
to
it
that
you’re
not
late
again.
注意千万不要再迟到。
Look
to
it
that
this
does
n’t
happen
again.
注意不要再发生这种事。
You
may
rely
on
it
that
he’ll
come
to
meet
you.
你放心，他会来接你的。
I
can’t
answer
for
it
that
he
will
come.
我不能保证他会来。
(from
【说
明】
能用于
此结构的动词不多，
常见的
有
see
to,
look
to,
insist
on,
stick
to,
depend
on,
answer
for
等。
(4)
动词
+
it
+
介词短语
+
that-
从句。如：
I
owe
it
to
you
that
I
am
still
alive.
多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I
took
it
for
granted
that
he
would
help
us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】<
/p>
能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
take
it
for
granted,
bring
it
to
sb’s
att
ention,
owe
it
to
sb
等。
高考语法
It
用法小结
—
来源：天星
更新日期：
2007-11-11
点击：
9107
It
用法小结虽不是高考的热点，
但这两年全国各省市试题经常出现。
< br>我们不能疏忽。
下
面是用法<
/p>
20
条。
并通过高考试题进行巩固：
is+
被强调部分
< br>+that
该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，
其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，
可以用来替换，
如果
把这种句型结构划掉后，
应该是一个完整无缺的句子，
这也是判
断强调
句型与其他从句的方法。
It
was they that (who) cleaned the classroom
yesterday. It was in the street that I met her
father.
It was
with great joy ___he received the news that his
lost daughter had been found. (2004
福建
)
A. because
B. which
C. since
D. that (D)
2. It is not until
+
被强调的部分
+ that
该句型译成汉语
“
< br>直到
……
才
”
< br>，
可以说是的强调形式。
It was not
until she took off her dark
glasses
that I realized she was a film star. =Not until
she took off her dark glasses did I realize she
was a film star. =I didn’t realize she
was a famous film star until she took off her dark
glasses.
It was ___back home
after the experiment. (2004
湖北
)
—
A. not until midnight did
he go
B. until midnight
that he didn’t go
C. not
until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go (C)
3. It is clear (obvious,
true, possible, certain) that….
该句型中
it
是形式主语，真正的主语是
that
引导的主语从句，常译为
“
清楚（显然、真
的、肯定）
”
是主语从句最常见的结构。
It is very
clear that he’s round and tall like a
tree.
=That he’s round and
tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is important (necessary, right,
strange, natural…) that…
该句型
和上一句同属一个句型。
由于主句中的形容词不同，
that<
/p>
后的从句中要用虚拟语
气（
should
+
动词原形）
should
可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
&
It is important
that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should)
remember these words.
5. It
is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中的
it
仍是形式主语，真正的主语是
that
引导的主语从句。该结构常译为
“
据
说（据报道，据悉
……
）
It is said that he has come to
Beijing.
It is reported that
another earth satellite has been put into
orbit.
6. It is suggested
(ordered…) that…
该句型和上一句属一个句
型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，
that
后的从句要用虚拟语气
（
shou
ld+
动词原形）。可以省略，常译为
“
据建议；有命令
……”
It is
suggested that the meeting (should) be put
off.
It was ordered that we
(should) arrive there in two hours.
|
7. It is a pity
(a shame…) that …
在该句型中，
that
后的从句一般用虚拟语气（
shoul
d+
动词原形），
should
可以省
去，
表示出乎意料，常译为
“
竟然
”
。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a
thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It
is time (about time, high time) that…
<
/p>
该句型中
that
后的从句应该用虚拟语
气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有
时也用
shou
ld+
动词原形，
should
不能
省。常译为
“
是（正是）
……
的时候
……”
It
is time that children should go to bed.
=It is time that children
went to bed.
…
9. It is the first (second,
…)time that…
该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。
该句型中不用虚拟语气，
而用完成时态。
至于用哪种
完成时态，
由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。
如果是一般现在时，
从句用现在完成时态；如
果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中
that
可以省去；
it
有时用
this
替换，常
译为
“
是第
一（二
,…
）次
…”
< br>。
10. It is
…since…
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，
要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
主句中是
时间作表语，
其时态是现在时和完成时，
引导的从句通常是一
般过去时态，
而且是瞬间动词。
如果主句是一般过去时，从句则
用过去完成时。
It is (has been) 5
years since his father died.
It is almost five years ___we saw each
other last time. (2005
北京
)
A. before B. since C. after
D. when(B)
11. It is
…when…
该句型中的
when<
/p>
引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的
it
指时间，
表语由具体的时间
充当。常译为
“
当
……
的时候，是
……”
It was 5
o’c
lock when he came here.
！
12. It
be…before…
该句型主句中的
it
指时间，
主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态
，
主句中的
表语多是
long
,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks
等表示时间段的词和短语。常
译为
“…
之后才
”
，
“
没
过
……
就
……”
It was 3 days before he went to
Beijing.
It will not be
long before he finishes his job.
13. It happens (
seems,
looks, appears) that…
该句型中的
it
是形式主语，
that
引导的是主语从句，主句中的
happen,
seem
等词是不
及物动词。
It happened (so happened) that he met
his teacher in the street.
(
碰巧
……)
It seems that he will be back in a few
days.
(
看来
……)
The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope
that the two sides will work towards peace.”
(2004
北京
)
A. This is
B.
There is
C. That is
D.
It is (D)
#
14. It takes sb…to do
sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，
< br>是形式主语，
句型中的直接宾语是时间。
常译为
“
做
……
要花费某人<
/p>
……”
It took
thousands of people many years to build the Great
Wall.
15
．
It is no good
(use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是
no good (not any good), no
use (not any use ).
It is no good learning English without
speaking English.
16. It
doesn’t matter whether…
该句型中
的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为
“
不论（是否）
……
没关系
……
It doesn’t
matter whether
they are old.
17
．
It is kind (of
sb) to do sth.
*
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由
of
引出，主句中的形
容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常
见的有：
bad, brave, careless, clever,
cruel, foolish
good
(
好心的
),honest, horrible,
kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice
(
有教养的
),polite, rude, silly,
stupid ,wise
,wrong
等。这个句型可以改写为
kind to do sth.
It is kind of you to stay so =You are
kind to say so.
18. It is
necessary (for sb) to do sth
该句型与上一句统属一个句型。
如果
不定式的逻辑主语是由
for
引出的，
主句的形容词
通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常
见的形容词有：
Important,necessary,
natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,da
ngerous,unusual,gr
ape, impossible,
pleasant.
等。
It is
important for her to come to the party. =It is
important that she (should) come to the
party.
19. It
looks (seems) as if …
该句型中
it
无意义。
As if
引导一个状语从
句，常译为：
“
看起来好像
……”
如果与事实不
相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.
（真的病了）
It looks as if he was ill.
（事实上没有生病）
^
It seemed as if he was
dying.
20. We think it
important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的
it
作形式宾语。为了记忆
方便我们可称该句型为
“7123
结构
”
7
指主句中的常用的动词：
think, believe, make, find, consider,
feel, take.
1
指的是形式宾语
it
.
2
指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词
和名词
3
指的是真正宾语的三种形式
：不定式短语，动名词短语或
that
引导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean
our classroom every day.
XiaoLi felt it important learning
English well.
They found it
difficult that they would finish their work in two
days.
【
-Do you like ____here
-Oh, yes .The air, the
weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
(2004
全国卷二
)
A. this B. these C. that D. it
(D)
分析：
it
作形式宾语
高考预测：
1
．
______that
there will be another good harvest this
autumn.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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