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PASSAGE 54

Attitudes to AIDS Now

Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don

’

t know there

’

s no cure and strongly disagree that

survey finds.

The

findings,

released

Thursday

by

the

Kaiser

Family

Foundation,

reassure

activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of

recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.

’

re still realistic about

the

fact

that

there

is

no

cure

says

Sophia

Chang,

director

of

HIV

programs

at

the

foundation.

The

Kaiser

survey,

like

a

recent

USA

TODAY

Gallup

Poll,

does

find

that

the

number of people ranking AIDS as the country

’

s top health problem has fallen. In the

Kaiser

poll,

38%

say

it

’

s

the

top

concern,

down

from

44%

in

a

1996

poll;

in

the

Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS in No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.

Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September

and October and asked additional questions of another 1,000 adults in November:

52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.

52% say the government spends too little on AIDS.

86%

correctly

say

AIDS

drugs

can

now

lengthen

lives;

an

equal

number

correctly say that the drugs are not cures.

67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past

year; 24% know deaths fell.

Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says,

’

m encouraged that the

American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn

’

t over. I hope

the

decision-makers

in

Washington

are

getting

the

same

message

?

We

have

seen

signs of complacency.

1. What do activists worry about?

A) Recent news about AIDS is not true.

B) People may stop worrying about AIDS.

C) Deaths caused by AIDS may not decline.

D) Advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.

2. According to the passage, people

’

s attitude toward the cure of AIDS is

A) optimistic.

B) realistic.

C) pessimistic.

D) hopeless.

3. The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people

A) who suffer from the worst disease--- AIDS has fallen.

B) who think AIDS threatens the countryside has fallen.

C) who worry about AIDS and health problems has fallen.

D) who think AIDS is the country

’

s top health killer has fallen.

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4. According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct?

A) The country is making progress against AIDS.

B) AIDS drugs still cannot save people

’

s lives.

C) AIDS drugs can now make people live longer.

D) More and more people die of AIDS now.

5. The work

A) printed new.

B) contact.

C) meaning.

D) central idea.

Key: BBDDD

PASSAGE 55

Drug Reactions ---A Major Cause of Death

Adverse

drug

reactions

may

cause

the

deaths

of

over

100,000

US

hospital

patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a

report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

was

found

to

be

extremely

high,

say

researchers

at

the

University

of

Toronto

in

Ontario, Canada.

They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the

past 30 years and defined an ADR as

of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.

An

average

6.7%

of

all

hospitalized

patients

experience

an

ADR

every

year,

according

to

the

researchers.

They

estimate

that

1994,

overall

2,216,000

hospitalized

patients

had

serious

ADRs,

and

106,000

had

fatal

ADRs.

This

means

that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.

And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since

their

ADR

definition

did

not

include

outcomes

linked

to

problems

in

drug

administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.

The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated

the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $$4 billion per year.

Dr David Bates of Brigham and Women

’

s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts,

believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially

since

many

ADRs

are

easily

preventable.

a

patient

develops

an

allergy

or

sensitivity, it is often not recorded,

they

have

known

allergies

or

sensitivities

with

disturbing

frequency.

He

believes

computerized surveillance systems---still works-in-progress at many of the nation

’

s

hospitals---should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.

1. Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that

A) ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.

B) ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.

C) ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.

D) It is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.