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高中英语语法重点难点回顾
1.
主谓一致常考难题：
Five
minutes is enough to do this
exercise
．
Each
boy and each girl wants to serve the people in
future
．
More than
one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the
storm.
More members than one are
against your plan.
一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时
,
谓语通常用复
数形式：
glasses,
clothes,
trousers,
shoes,
compasses,
chopsticks,
scissors
等。
但如果主语用
a kind of , a pair of
, a series of
等加名词构成时
,
谓语动
词一般用单数形式。
A
pair of shoes was on the
desk
．
并列主语如果指的是同一
个人、
同一事物或同一概念时
,
谓语动词用单
数形式
,
这时
and
后面的名词没有冠词。例如
:
Truth and honesty is the best
policy
．
The
girl's teacher and friend is a young
doctor
．
To love
and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early
is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on
the table.
当主语后面跟有
as well
as, as much as , no less than, along with, with,
like,
rather than, together with, but,
except, besides, including, in addition
to
等
引导的词组时
,
其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如
:
The teacher as well as the students was
excited
．
The room
with its furniture was
rented
．
A (great)
number of
修饰可数复数名词
,
谓语动词用复数
; a great deal of,
a
large
amount
of
修饰不可数名词
,
其短语作主语时
,
谓语动词用单
数。
关系代词
who,
that,
which
等在定语从句中作主语时
,
其谓语动词的数
应与句中先行词的数一致。例如
:
Those who want to go please sign
your names here
．
Some of the energy that is used by man
comes from the sun
．
< br>季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类
名词名称前一
般不加冠词。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4
one(a) quarter
2.
形容词的顺序：
系动词
be
，
grow
，
get
，
become
，
feel
，
appear
，
prove
，
seem
，
look
，
keep
，
smell
，
taste
，
sound
，
turn
，
remain
限定词
+
数量形容词
(
序数词在前，
基数词在后
)+
性状形容词
+
大小、
长短、
高低等形体
+
新旧
+
颜色
+
国藉
+
材料
Those three
beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以
a-
开首的形容词例如：
afraid
，
alike
，
alone
，
asleep
，
awake, alive
等只能作表语
,
不能作定语。
某些
以
-ly
结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：
friendly
，
lively
，
lovely
，
lonely
，
likely
，<
/p>
deadly
，
silly
，
orderly,
timely
等。
1)close
接近地
closely
仔细地，密切地
2)free
免费地
freely
自由地
,
无拘束地
3)hard
努力地
hardly
几乎不
4)late
晚，迟
lately
近来
5)most
极
,
非常
mostly
主要地
6)wide
广阔地，充分地
widely
广泛地
7)high
高
highly
高度地，非常地
8)deep
深，迟
deeply
抽象意义的
“
深
”
9)loud
大声地
loudly
大声地
(
含有喧闹的意思
)
10)near
邻近
nearly
几乎
3.
比较级，最高级
表示一方不及另一方时，
用
“less
＋原级＋
than”
的结构表示：
< br>This room is
less beautiful than
that one
．
表示一方超过另
一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状
语，如：
e
ven
，
a
lot
，
a
bit
，
a little
，
still
，
much
，
far, yet, by
far
等修饰：
He works even harder
than before
．
注意
:by far
通常用于强调最
高级。用于比较级时
,
一般放在比较级的后
面
,
如放在前面
,
应在二者中间加
“the”
。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of
the two brothers.
某些以
-or
结尾的形容词进行比较时，
用
to
代替
than
。
super
ior
，
junior
，
senior
等。
He
is superior to Mr. Wang in
mathematics
．
在比较从
句中为了避免重复通常用
that(those)
，
one(ones)
代替前面出现
的名词。
that
指物，
one
既可指人，也可指物。
that
可代替可数名词单
数和不可数名词，而
one
只能代替可数名词。例
如：
The book on the table is
more interesting than that on the
desk
．
A box made
of iron is stronger than one made of
wood
．
表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型
:
A is three (four, etc.) times the size
(height, length, width, etc) of B.
The
new building is four times the size (the height)
of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大
(
四倍高
)
。［高三倍］
A is three (four, etc.) times as
big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia
is four times as large as
Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
A is three (four, etc.) times bigger
(higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如
:Your school is three
times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
表示两倍可以用
twice
或
double
。
表示
“
最高程度
”
的形容词，如
excellent
，
< br>extreme
，
perfect
等，没有最
高级，也不能用比较级。
4. so, such
如果复数名词前有
< br>many
、
few
，不可数名词
前有
much
、
little
等表示量
的形容词时，该用
so
而不用
such
。如：
I've had so many falls that I'm black
and blue all over.
Mr. White got so
little money a month that he could hardly keep
body and
soul together.
但
little
不表示数量而表示
“
小
”
的意思时
,
仍用
such
。如
:
They
are
such
little
children
that
the
they
cannot
clean
the
house
by
themselves.
5.
almost
与
nearly
在
very, pretty,
not
后用
nearly,
不用
almost
。例如：
I'm not nearly ready.
在
any, no, none,
never
前用
almost,
不用
nearly
。例如：
I almost never see her.
6.
情态动词
need
表示
“
需要
”
或
“
必须
”,
作情态动词时
,
仅用于否定句或疑问句中。
在
肯定句中一般用
must, have to,
ought to
或
should
代替。例如：
You
needn't come so early.
Need
I finish the work today?
－－
Yes, you must.
注意：
needn't
ha
ve
done“
表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事
”
。例
如：
You needn't have waited for
me.
“should have
done”
表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。
You should have started earlier.
“ought to have
done”
表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you
didn't)
书报的标题
,
小说等
情节介绍常用一般现在时。
表示感觉
,
愿望和状态的某些动词如
have, be, hear,
see,
like
等词一般不
用进行时。
7.
主动结构表被动
有些动词形式上是主动结构
,
但表示被动的意思。常
见的有可和
well,
easily
等副词连用的不及物动词
sell, wash,
write, read, clean,
cook
等。
例如：
The cloth washes
well.
这布很经洗。
The
new product sells
well.
这新产品很畅销。
The
pen writes well.
这支笔很好写。
8.
虚拟语气的结构
“(shoul
d)
＋动词原形
在动词
arrange,
command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose,
request,
require,
suggest
等后面的宾语从句中用
“(should)
＋
动词原形
”(
虚拟语
气
)
例如：
< br>
We suggested that we (should) have
a meeting.
We insisted that they
(should) go with us.
The doctor ordered
that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start
right away.
作
advice, idea,
order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request
等名词
的表语从句和同位语从句
,
其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构
“(should)
＋
动词原形
”
。例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion that
we(should) go to
Beijing for
sightseeing.
My idea is that we
(should) do exercises first.
9. +to
在
feel, hear, notice,
observe, see, watch, have, let, make
等词后
的补足语
中
,
不定式不带
to
。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时
,
就必须带
to
。例
如：
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing
the song.
注意：
不定式动词在介词
but,
except, besides
后面时
,
如果这些介词之前
有行为动词
do
的各种形式
,
那么
,
< br>这些介词后的不定式不带
to,
否则要带
to.
如：
She
could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
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