-
宾语和宾语补足语
1.
双宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语
双宾语就是有些
动词后面跟直接宾语和间
接宾语
.
直
接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物
,
间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示
的行为的
人
.
We owe the
university 400 dollars for Jenny's
tuition.
They
sent us a bill for the new semester .
（
在英语中，
有些动词接了一个宾语后句子
意思仍不完整，还需要
再加上一个词或短语
放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状
态或所做的动作，这种
“
宾语＋宾语补足语
”
结构称为复合宾语）
在双宾语
中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，
有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成
立。
双宾语一般表示
“
为谁
（
for sb
．
）
或给谁
（
to sb
．
）
……”
，
即
“
及物动词＋间接宾语＋
直接宾语
”
的结构可以改写为
“
及物动词＋
直接宾语＋
for
sb
．
或
to sb
< br>．
”
的结构。
例如：
He brings me cookies
every day.
She made me a
beautiful dress.
常跟双宾语的动词有：
to:
advance,
allot,
allow,
award,
bring,
cause,
deal,
deliver,
deny,
do,
feed,
fetch,
forward,
give, grant, hand,
leave, lend, loan, mail, offer,
owe,
pass,
pay,
play,
post,
proffer,
promise,
quote,
read,
recommend,
refuse,
render,
rent,
replay,
restore,
return,
sell,
send,
serve,
show,
sing, take, teach, tell, throw, tell,
toss, write
for:
boil,
book,
bring,
build,
buy,
call,
cash,
choose, cook, cut,
design, do, fetch, fill, find,
fix,
gather,
get,
grow,
guarantee,
keep,
leave,
make,
mix,
order,
paint,
pick,
play,
pour,
prepare, pull, reach, reserve, save,
secure, set,
sing, spare, spread, take,
win, write, yield
(to
还是
for
，这里没有固定的规则，主要取
决于不同动词的性质，以及句子的意思。简
单的理解：
< br>to sb.
：给谁
for
sb.
：为谁。所以
这里的一些常用词的搭配，需要记忆。
）
bring,
leave,
play,
sing,
take,
write
既可以接
to
又可以接
for,
但意义不同
.
Karen wrote a letter to/for her boy
friend.
She left her estate to/for her
brother.
To
已继
承
;
FOR
有继承权
其它介词
He asked
another question
of
the
speaker.
The court accused him of
theft.
The court charged him
with
theft.
The
gunmen robbed millions of dollars
of
the
bank.
He struck a violent blow
at
her.
不能改为介词宾语的间接宾语
特
别
由
下
列
动
词
引
导
:
allow,
ask(one
his
name), bet, bid, cost,
nevy, forgive, give (one
some
uneasiness),
hit
(one
a blow),
keep
(me
company),
last,
lay,
lead
(her
an
awful
life),
make
(me
curtsy),
pardon,
permit,
play
one
a
trick, reach me my hat, refuse, save me
trouble,
spare,
strike
the
enemy
a
shrewd
blow,
take,
wish
The
manager
allowed
him
one
week
of
vacation in the summer.
夏天经理给他一星期的假期。
He wished me good morning [good-bye].
他向我道早安
[
告别
]
。
宾语从句
/
复合结构必须放在后面
:
He
assured
me
that
I
might
come
back
whenever I liked.
She taught
her child how to swim.
事件和宾格代词作间接宾语
He
gave
the
door
a
push.
不能说
:
a
push
to
the door
The
headmaster
gave
it
to
him./it
to
John/the
book to John
一般用法
双宾语的被动语态
:
They
offered Mr. Jenkins the mastership.
The
mastership was offered (to) Mr. Jenkins.
To Mr. Jenkins the mastership was
offered.
介词宾语
V+Prep.
只有一个宾语
He called unexpectedly on John.
Did he call on John or (on) Mary?
V+Prep.
有两个宾语
及物动词
+
名词
/<
/p>
代词
+
介词
Address
to/announce
to/
blame
on/
communicate
to/
confine
to/
congratulate
on/
deprive
of/
explain
to/
forgive
for/
order
for
/ply
with/
protest
from/
provide
with/
remind
of
/say to/tell about/thank for
He
confined his remarks to that subject.
及
物动词
+
名词
+
介词
(
属于习语类
)
Lay
emphasis
on/make
allowance
for/make
a
mess
of/make
an
example
of/
make
much
of/
make no
mention of/pay attention to/ take care
of/ take advantage of/take note of
He took undue advantage of his
weakness.
They
made
a
horrible
mess
of
the
room
after
the party,
2.
复合宾语
=
复杂宾语
宾语
+
宾补
That would drive me
mad
.
He has
proved himself
an experienced
teacher
.
We
regard
this
crisis
as
a
danger
to
world
peace.
What makes you
in such a hurry
?
We
consider
him
to
be
the
best
boy
in
the
school.
I
noticed the manager
pass my office.
I heard someone
knocking at
the door
.
She had an arm
broken in the accident
.
宾补的位置
The
carpenter
will
make
good
the
broken
chairleg.
3
．形式宾语
英语中，常用
“it”
作形式宾语代替宾语从句，
把真正的宾语从句后置，
特别是在带复合宾
语的句
子中。
I
hate
________
when
people
talk
with
their
mouths
full.
A. it B. that C.
those D. them
“
it”
充当形式宾语，宾语从句后置的情况有
下列几种：
⑴
在
believe,
consider,
declare,
estimate,
fancy,
feel,
find,
guess,
hear,
imagine,
know,
make,
prove,
reckon,
think,
understand
等动
词接复合
宾语
(
宾语＋宾补
)
< br>时，要用
it
作形
式宾语。
在这种结构中
that
不可省略。
例如：
We
find
it
difficult
that
we
should
finish
the
work
on
time.
我发现我们按时完成
工作有困
难。
She
thinks
it
wrong
that
he
didn't
answer
the
phone.
她认为他不接电话是不对的。
⑵由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接
that
宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。
We are thinking of it that we'll lend
you some
money.
我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I
shall
see
to
it
that
he
is
taken
good
care
of
when
you
are
absent.
你不在的时候我负责把
他照顾好
。
⑶
<
/p>
用于
“
动词
+<
/p>
宾语
+
介词短语
”
的句型中。
Keep it in
mind that you have to be home by
ten
o'clock.
要记住你得十点钟之前回家。
We took it for granted that
he would come.
我
们认为他来是当然的。
⑷
不可直接接宾语从句的情况。
在
like,
enjoy,
love,
hate,
take
等表
“
喜怒哀
乐
”
的动词，后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式
宾语
it
。
I
hate
it
when
people
talk
with
their
mouths
full.
我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the
exam.
都通
过了考试我很喜欢。
⑸
不可直
接跟
that
从句的情况。
下列动词不可直接接
that
从句：
ask,
refuse,
let,
like,
cause,
force,
condemn,
admire,
celebrate,
entreat,
dislike(
厌
恶
),
overlook,
love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate,
hear(
听见
),
see(
看见
),
want(
想要
)
等，但可用
it, the fact
做媒介，后接
that
从句；或接动名词、不定
式。例如：
He
overlooked
it
that
he
had
made
another
mistake. (
正确
)
他忽视了一件事，他又犯了
一个错误。
He
overlooked
the
fact
that
he
had
made
another mistake.
(
正确
)
He
overlooked
that
he
had
made
another
mistake. (
错误
)
I admire it that they won
the match. (
正确
)
I admire the fact that they won the
match. (
正
确
)
我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。
I admire that they won the match.
(
错误
)
练习
1.
The
people
in
general
looked
upon
the
situation ____.
A.
critical
B.
to be critical
C.
being critical
D.
as critical
2.
His use of
technical terms left his audience
____.
A.
confusing
B.
confused
C.
with confusion
D.
to confusion
3.
Are
you
going
to
keep
me
____
all
day
long?
A.
to wait
B.
wait
C.
waiting
D.
waited
4.
I
had
a
tooth
____
out
at
the
dentist
’
s
yesterday.
A.
pulled
B.
being pulled
C.
have pulled pulling
5.
Is
the
radio
bothering
you?
It
certainly
is.
I
’
d like it ____
off.
A.
turning
B.
turned
C.
to turn
D.
turns
6.
What
exactly
did
you
see,
Mrs.
Gamer?
Well, Your Honor, I saw ____.
A.
a bank being
robbed with two men
B.
robbing a bank two men
C.
two men
robbing a bank
D.
two men who rob a bank
7.
Where did that
handsome tie come from? It
was ____
from my grandfather.
A.
given for us
B.
a gift to us
C.
given us to
D.
a gift
8.
How did you get that green album? It
was
____ by my father.
A.
gift for me
B.
gift to me