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Unit 13
We are trying to save the earth!
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. advantage
advantage
是名词，意为“优点；好处；有利条件
”
。例如：
This bicycle
has many advantages.
这辆自行车有许多优点。
Studying
English has many advantages.
学习英语有许多好处。
【拓展】
disadvantage
是
advantage
的反义词，意为“缺点；弊端；不利条件”
。例如：
When you visit
France, it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak
French.
当你访问法国时，如果你不会讲法语，那可是个不利条件。
2. instead of
instead of
是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”
，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词
-ing
形式等作为介词宾语。例如：
He went to the cinema instead of going
to school.
他去了电影院而不是学校。
【拓展】
(1) instead<
/p>
作副词，意为“代替，而不是”
，常用作状语。例如：
He is tired. Let me go instead.
他累了，让我替他去吧。
She never
studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习，而是整天打网球。
(2
)instead
和
instead
of
的辨析：
ins
tead
是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句
首时常用逗号隔
开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如：
He didn
’
t go to
school. Instead, he went to the cinema.
他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。
Instead of lending a hand, he laughed
at us.
他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
3. cut off
cut of
f
是固定搭配，意为“切除；切掉”
。例如：
< br>
The slide cut
off the valley from the rest of the world.
山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。
【拓展】
“动词
+ off
”构成的短语有：
take off
起飞，脱下
put off
推迟
turn off
关闭
get off
下车
fall
off
…
从……掉下来
break
off
终止
pay off
付清
4. make a difference
make a difference
意为“起作用，有影响”
。例如：
The
fact that I can now organize my own time makes a
big difference.
现在我能自己安排时间了，这对我有很大的作用。
Whatever you
can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会带来不同。
5. the number of
the number of
意为“……的数量”
，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of
people speaking Chinese is larger than that of
those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说
英语的人数。
【拓展】
a number of
意为“许
多”
，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
nu
mber
前面可以用
large
，
great
，
small
< br>等修饰，构成
a large number of; a small
number of
等。例如：
I have a number of letters
to write.
我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students
in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class
went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
6. although
although
的意思相当于
though
，意为“尽管，虽然”
，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从
句不能与并列
连词
but; and;
so
等连用，但可以和
yet;
still
等词连用。例如：
Although he
lives alone, he doesn
’
t feel
lonely.= He lives alone, but he
doesn
’
t feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we
cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】
although
与
< br>though
的辨析：
(1)
用作连词，表示“虽然”
，二者可以互换使用，但
although
比
though
< br>更为正式。例如：
Though/Although it was
raining, we still went there.
虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
(2) although
一般不用作副词，而
though
可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首）
，意为“可是，不过”
。
例如：
It
’
s hard work; I
enjoy it, though.
工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
We
all tried our best. We lost the game, though.
我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。
(3)
在
as though(
好像，仿佛
)
，
e
ven though(
即使，纵然
)
等固定短语中不能用
although
。例如：
He talks as though he
knew everything.
他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
7.
take part in
take part in
意为“参加”
，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态
度，起一
定作用。
take part
in
之后接名词或动名词。例如：
I
didn
’
t take part in the
sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.
我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。
Everyone can take part in gardening.
每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。
【拓展】
join
是动词，意为
“加入
”
。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体，
以及参军等，
并成为其中一员。
其后常出现
club,
army, team,
group
以及人称代词宾格等。例如：
join the swimming club
参加游泳俱乐部
join the
army
参军
join us
加入到我们的行列
8. afford
afford
常用作及物动词，意为
“
买
(
经受
)
得起……；给予，提供
”
，其后常接名词、代词或动
词不定式作
宾语，
afford
后还可
接双宾语。
This kind
of computer is too expensive and I can't afford
it
．这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。
At last I can afford a
watch
．我终于买得起一只手表了。
I could not afford so much
money for a
bicycle
．我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。
I'll afford you a
chance
．我将给你提供一个机会。
词汇精练
I.
英汉互译。
1.
make a difference ______________
2. cut off ______________
3. lead to______________
4. be full of
______________
5. take part
in______________
6.
关闭
______________
7. hear of
______________
8.
扔掉
______________
9.
对……有害
______________
10.
be made of ______________
II.
根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. I have a simple and easy
m___________ to solve the problem.
2. We
shouldn
’
t be ___________
(
残忍的
) to animals.
3.
It
’
s h___________
to your health to drink too
much.
4. The city is the ___________
(
工业
) center of the country.
5.
The car is too expensive, I
can
’
t a___________ it.
6. Don
’
t throw
___________ (
垃圾
) everywhere.
7. In winter, many people burn
c___________ to keep warm.
8. The
police found a body at the ___________
(
底部
) of the lake.
9. The ___________
(
费用
) of living in big cities
is very high.
10. He keeps a rabbit in
a big ___________ (
木制的
) box.
III.
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used ___________ (be) a
teacher.
2. We should ___________
(clean) the room every day.
3. Look!
Tom ___________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees ___________ (plant) on
the hill every year.
5. He
___________ (live) here for 20 years.
IV
.
听力链接。
(2014
石景山一模
)
请听一段对话，完成第
11
至第
13
小题。
11. How are the speakers
talking?
A. On the radio.
B. Face to face.
C. On the phone.
12. How
much does the woman need to pay?
A. $$26.
B.
$$31.
C. $$38.
13. What do we know
about the woman?
A. She likes blue.
B. She is a good swimmer.
C.
She prefers shopping online.
请听一段独白，完成第
14
至第
16
小题。
14. What
’s
the
speaker mainly talking about?
A. His travel programs.
B. His difficulties in travel.
C. His plans for the TV programs.
15. What does the speaker think of his
job?
A. Boring but
lucky.
B. Fun and relaxing.
C. Pleasant but
tiring.
16. What can we learn about the
speaker?
A. He loves
long trips and doesn
’
t want
a change.
B. His next
program may be about an old town.
C. He has just finished a
‘
round the
world
’
journey.
参考答案
I.
英汉互译。
1.
起作用，有影响
2.
切除，切掉
3.
导致
4.
充满……
5.
参加
6. turn off