英语语言学期末试题练习答案

英

语

语

言

学

期

末

试

题

练

习

答

案

SANY

标准化小组

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英语语言学练习题

Ⅰ. Matching

Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the

appropriate definitions in Column B.

Column A

10.

motivation

1.

displacement

11.

arbitrariness

2.

langue

12.

competence

3.

suprasegmental

21.

learning

20.

culture

19.

blending

strategies

13.

broad

feature

4.

deep structure

transcription

14.

morphology

5.

predication

22.

selectional

restrictions

23.

phrase structure

15.

category

16.

errors

17.

componential

analysis

6.

idiolect

7.

pidgin

8.

mistakes

rules

24.

culture

diffusion

analysis

18.

context

9.

interlanguage

Column B

A.

Learners’ independent system of the second language, which

is of neither the native language nor the second language,

but a continuum or approximation from his native language to

the target language. 9

B.

Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive,

having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second

language. 21

C.

The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic

categories. 23

D.

Through communication, some elements of culture A enter

culture B and become part of culture B. 24

E.

A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines

elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age

variations. 6

F.

A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and

it is used by people who speak different languages for

restricted purposes such as trading. 7

G.

The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of

predications into their constituents---- arguments and

predicates. 5

H.

They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with

what others. 22

I.

The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the

head’s subcategorization

properties. 4

J.

The phonemic features that occur above the level of the

segments. 3

K.

The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules

that govern the rule of word formation. 14

L.

The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a

speech community. 2

M.

Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the

immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the

distinctive features of human language. 1

N.

Learner’s conscious, goal

-oriented and problem-solving based

efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10

O.

The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of

belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and

language that characterizes the life of the human community.

20

P.

The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer.

18

Q.

The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by

combining parts of other words. 19

R.

A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar

functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a

noun phrase or a verb. 15

S.

A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word

meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word

can be dissected into meaning components. 17

T.

The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.

12

U.

One of the properties of human language. It means that there

is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11

V.

A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only.

13

W.

They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target

language, not self-corrigible. 16

X.

They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8

Ⅱ.Blank

-filling.

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter

has been given.

1.

“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This

quotation is a good illustration of the a____ nature of

language. Arbitrary

2.

The description of a language at some point of time in

history is a synchronic study; the description of a language

as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic

3.

Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the

rules of his language, and performance the actual

realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.

Competence

4.

In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the

lungs meets with no o____. This marks the essential

difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction

5.

The different phones that can represent a phoneme in

different phonetic environments are called the a____ of the

phoneme. Allophone

6.

Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same

phonetic environment. They are said to be in c____

distribution. Complementary

7.

When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence

rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively

known as i____. Intonation

8.

The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.

Minimum

9.

I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most

part purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as

tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional

10.

Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually

contain three elements: head, specifier, and c____.

Complement

11.

Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds

that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and

what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning

they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind.

concept

12.

The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called

h____. hyponymy

13.

P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a

set of different meanings. Polysemy

14.

What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is

whether in the study of meaning the c____ of use is taken

into consideration. Context

15.

S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a

particular social class. Sociolect

16.

WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health

Organization”.

Acronym

17.

According to Halliday, language varies as its function

varies; it differs in different situations. The type of

language which is selected as appropriate to the type of

situation is a r____. Register

18.

In cross- cultural communication, some elements of culture A

enter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing

about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion

19.

While the first language is acquired s____, the second or

foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.

Subconsciously

20.

Language a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a

second language. Acquisition

21.

Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech

sounds called “v

”, which is a feature of all vowels

and some consonants in English. Voice

22.

The phonemic features that occur above the level of the

segment are called s____ features. Suprasegmental

23.

Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of

words and rules for word f____. Formation

24.

The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.

Morpheme

25.

The sense relation between “

autumn

” and “

fall

” i

s called

s____. Synonym

26.

H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different

meanings have the same form, . , different words are

identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy

27.

In daily communication, people do not always observe the

four maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational

i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature

28.

SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute

Respiratory Syndrome”.

Acronym

29.

I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that

combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and

age variations. Idiolect

30.

RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to the

particular way of pronouncing standard English. Received

Ⅲ.Multiple choice.

Choose the best answer to the following items.

1.

____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. Leonard Bloomfield D. M. A. K. Halliday

2.

In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language

which links together the sound pattern and meaning.

A. morphology and syntax

B. phonetics and

semantics

C. semantics and syntax D. morphology and

semantics

3.

____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, .,

how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.

A. auditory phonetics

B. acoustic phonetics C.

articulatory phonetics

4.

Which of the following words begins with a

velar voiced stop

____

A. god

B. boss C. cock D. dog

5.

Which of the following words ends with a

dental

,

voiceless

fricative

____

A. rose B. wave

C. cloth

D. massage

6.

Which of the following words contains a

back, open and

unrounded vowel

____

A. god B. boot C. walk

D. task

7.

Which of the following is

Not

a velar sound _____

A. [h]

B. [k] C. [g] D. []

8.

Which of the following is

Not

a minimal pair____

A. bat, bite B. kill, pill

C. peak, pig

, D. meat, seat

9.

Which of the following is

an open class words____

A. email

B. but C. the D. they

10.

The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the

inflectional morphemes except ____.

A. paints

B. painter

C. painted D. painting

11.

Which of the following words has more than three morphemes

____

A. psychophysics B. boyfriends C. forefather

D.

undesirability

12.

The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.

A.

gradable antonyms B. relational opposites

C.

complementary antonyms

13.

Which pair of the following words can be categorized as

stylistic synonyms____

A. torch & flashlight

B. die & decease

C. amaze & astound D. luggage & baggage

14.

X: John has given up smoking.

Y: John used to smoke.

The sense relation between the above sentences is ____

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y

15.

X: My father has been to London.

Y: My father has been to UK.

The sense relation between the above sentences is ____

A. X entails Y B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y

D. X is inconsistent with Y

16.

When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle,

our language might become ____.

A. impolite B. incorrect

C. indirect

D. unclear

17.

According to Searl’s classification of speech act

s, which

of the following is an instance of directives ____

A.

I fire you!

B.

Your money or your life!

C.

I’m sorry for the mess I have made.

D.

I have never seen the man before.

18.

Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary

A. tree

B. crash C. typewriter D.

bang

19.

The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.

A. blend

B. coined word

C. clipped word D. acronym

20.

Which of the following words is

Not

formed by means of

clipping_____

A. memo

B. motel

C. quake D. gym

21.

According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____

of communication.

A. subject B. role C. situation

D. means