英语八种基本时态

英语八种基本时态

英语八种基本时态

一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形

式 表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。

二．种类：（基本时态）

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般将来时

现在完成时

三．用法：

过去将来时

过去完成时

1

．一般现在时：

1

）

一般现 在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。

一般现在时常以动词原 形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加

-s

或

-es

。

2

）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ

.

（包括

be

动词）＋宾语＋

…

She is an engineer.

He has breakfast at 6:00every day.

3

）注意：

a)

一般现在时通常与

always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a

week

等时间状语连用。

I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .

They go home once a week .

We usually do our homework at home .

b)

表客观现实或普遍真理。

The sun always rises in the east .

The light travels faster than the sound .

c)

表永远性的动作或状态。

He lives in the country .

a)

一般情况动词在词尾加

-s .

4

）第三人称单数变化形式。

come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives

b)

以

o, s, x, ch, sh

结尾的单词在词后加

-es.

do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes

Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries

fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches

c)< /p>

以

“

辅音字母＋

y”

结尾的单词变

y

为

i

加

-es.

d)

以

“

元音字母＋

y”

结尾的单词直接加< /p>

-s.

play---plays stay ---stays

例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。

我在早上七点半起床。

他每天七点去上班。

他喜欢音乐。

我们经常下午打篮球。

地球围绕太阳转。

火车六点出发。

< br>5

）否定句和疑问句。

-----

He isn’t an engineer.

-----Is he an engineer?

a)-----He is an engineer.

-----

Yes, he is ./ No, he isn’t.

b)----We get up at 7:30 in the morning .

-----Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?

-----

Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.

c)----He likes music.

-----H

e doesn’t like music.

-----Does he like music?

-----

Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn’t .

2

．一般过去时

-----

We don’t get up at 7:30 in

the morning .

1

）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状

语

yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.

等连用。

I went to Beijing last year.

They saw a film last night .

I was a student 6years ago.

例句：昨天他很忙。

2

）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ

.

过去时＋宾语＋

两年前他去参军了。

他在

1990

年去世了。

3

）否定句和疑问句。

a)----He was busy yesterday.

-----

He wasn’t busy.

去年他抽烟了。

-----Was he busy?

-----

Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.

b)----He smoked last year.

-----

He didn’t

smoke last year.

-----Did he smoke last year?

c)----He joined the army in 1990.

-----

Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.

-----

He didn’t joined the army in 1990.

-----Did he join the army in 1990?

-----

Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.

4

）动词过去式变化规则。

a)

一般情况下的词加

-ed.

work---worked call----called laugh----laughed

Explain----explained finish---- finished knock----knocked

b)

以不发音的字母

e

结尾的单词直接加

-d .

live----lived change----changed smoke----smoked die----died

graduate----graduated drive---- drove

c)

以

“

辅音字母＋

y”

结尾的单词，变

y

为

i

加

- ed.

study----studied carry----carried cry----cried

try----tried marry---- married

d)

以

元音字母＋

y”

结尾的 单词直接加

-ed.

play ----played stay----stayed

e)

以

“

一 个元音字母＋一个辅音字母

”

结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母 然后

再加

-ed.

stop----stopped plan ----planned pat----patted

f)

动词不规则变化：

do----did go----went come----came run----ran write----wrote

begin----began drink ----drank keep----kept leave----left sleep----slept

make----made lie ----lay dig----dug eat----ate know----knew

cut----cut set----set let----let read----read hurt----hurt

例句：我前天拿走了这本书。

去年我买了一辆自行车。

每天晚上我听音乐。

她通常待在家里。

两天前我完成了这项工作。

复习：

1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.

2) He (be) a student now.

3) He (do) his homework at home every day.

4) They (join) the Party in 1998.

5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.

6) We (not play) basketball every day.

7) He (not go ) home once a week.

8) I am 16 years old. (

划线部分提问

)

9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (

划线部分提问

)

10) They joined the Party in 1990. (

划线部分提问

)

11) I went to Beijing last year. (

划线部分提问

3

．一般将来时

1)

表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语

tomorrow, the

day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days

等连用。

I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.

2)

句型结构：主语＋

will/shall

＋

V.

原形＋

…

（第一人称用

shall

）

They will have a meeting next week.

----Will she be 20 years old?

----She will be 20 years old.

be(am, is, are)going to

(will=are going to )

----Yes, she will./ No, s

he won’t .

3)

主语＋

will/shall

＋

V.

原形＋

…

They will have a meeting next Sunday.

----When will they have a meeting?

4) be about to

＋

V.

原形

I am about to leave school.

不能与表示时间的副词连用。

They are about to set out.(√)

They are about to set out soon.(×

)

复习题：

----What will they do next Sunday ?

(do) his homework at school every day.

(finish) their work yesterday.

(visit) their farm next year.

4.

我半小时后要吃午饭。

5.

他将骑自行车去学校。