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英语语言学试题（
1
）
I.
Directions:
Read
each of
the
following
statements
carefully.
Decide which
one
of
the four
choices
best
completes the statement and put the
letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.
(2%×
10=20%)
1
、
As modern
linguistics aims to describe and analyze the
language people actually use, and not to lay down
rules
for
A
、
prescriptive
B
、
sociolinguistic
C
、
descriptive
D
、
psycholinguistic
2
、
Of
all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most
flexible.
A
、
mouth
B
、
lips
C
、
tongue
D
、
vocal cords
3
、
The morpheme
A
、
bound morpheme
B
、
bound form
C
、
inflectional morpheme
D
、
free morpheme
4
、
A ___ in the
embedded clause refers to the introductory word
that introduces the embedded clause.
A
、
coordinator
B
、
particle
C
、
preposition
D
、
subordinator
5
、
A
、
is synonymous with
B
、
is
inconsistent with
C
、
entails
D
、
presupposes
6
、
The branch of
linguistics that studies how context influences
the way speakers interpret sentences is called
___.
A
、
semantics
B
、
pragmatics
C
、
sociolinguistics
D
、
psycholinguistics
7
、
Grammatical
changes may be explained, in part, as analogic
changes, which are ___ or generalization.
A
、
elaboration
B
、
simplification
C
、
external borrowing
D
、
internal borrowing
8
、
___ refers to a
marginal language of few lexical items and
straightforward grammatical rules, used as a
medium
of communication.
A
、
Lingua franca
B
、
Creole
C
、
Pidgin
D
、
Standard language
9
、
Psychologists,
neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in
addition to the motor area which is responsible
for physical articulation of
utterances, three areas of the left brain are
vital to language, namely, ___ .
A
、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the
angular gyrus
B
、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and
cerebral cortex
C
、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and
neurons
D
、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and
Exner's area
10
、
According to
Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and
subconscious development of ability in the first
language
by using it naturally in daily
communicative situations.
A
、
learning
B
、
competence
C
、
performance
D
、
acquisition
II.
Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the
following statements with one word, the first
letter of which is
already given as a
clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only,
and you are not allowed to change the
letter given. (1%×
10=10%)
11
、
Chomsky
defines
12
、
The four
sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in
common, i.e, they are all b______
.
13
、
M_______ is a
branch of grammar which studies the internal
structure of words and the rules by which words
are formed.
14
、
A s______ is a
structurally independent unit that usually
comprises a number of words to form a complete
statement, question or command.
15
、
Synonyms that
are mutually substitutable under all circumstances
are called c______ synonyms.
16
、
The
illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the
speaker to something's being the case, to the
truth of what
has been said.
17
、
Words are
created outright to fit some purpose. Such a
method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as
word
c______.
18
、
Wherever the
standard language can use a contraction
(he+is
→
he's), Black English
can d___ the form of
19
、
The basic
essentials of the first language are acquired in
the short period from about age two to puberty,
which
is called the c______period for
first language acquisition.
20
、
As a type of
linguistic system in 12 learning, I ______is a
product of L2 training, mother tongue
intereference,
overgeneralization of
the target language rules, and learning and
communicative strategies of the learner.
III.
Directions: Judge whether each of the following
statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F
for
false in the brackets in front of
each statement. If you think a statement is false,
you must explain why you
think so and
give the correct version. (2%×
10=20%)
(
)21
、
In modern
linguistic studies, the written form of language
is given more emphasis than the spoken form
for a number of reasons.
(
)22
、
V
oicing is a phonological
feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese
and English.
(
)23
、
The compound
word
compound is the sum total of the
meanings of its components.
(
)24
、
Syntactic
categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C)
only.
(
)25
、
Dialectal
synonyms can often be found in different regional
dialects such as British English and American
English but cannot be found within the
variety itself, for example, within British
English or American English.
(
)26
、
Only when a
maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly
violated and the hearer knows that it is being
violated do conversational implicatures
arise.
(
)27
、
The territory
in which the Indo-European languages are mainly
spoken today also includes languages that
are not Indo-European.
(
)28
、
In most
bilingual communities, two languages have the same
in speech situations known as domains.
(
)29
、
According to
the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,
speakers' perceptions determine language
and pattern their way of life.
(
)30
、
All normal
children have equal ability to acquire their first
language.
IV
. Directions: Explain the
following terms, using one or two examples for
illustration. (3%×
10=30%)
31
、
duality
32
、
diachronic
linguistics
33
、
broad
transcription
34
、
morphological
rules
35
、
phrase
structure rule
36
、
relational
opposites
37
、
componential
analysis
38
、
context
39
、
euphemism
40
、
brain
lateralization
V
. Answer the following
questions. (10%×
2=20%)
41
、
Explain how
the inventory of sounds can change, giving some
examples in English for illustration.
42
、
Briefly
discuss the individual factors which affect the
acquisition of a second language.
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