-
！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
Occupational
Health and Safety Management
Systems -
Specification
1.
Scope
This
Occupational
Health
and
Safety
Assessment
Series
(OHSAS)
specification
gives
requirements
for
an
occupational
health
and
safety
(OH&S)
management
system,
to
enable
an
organization
to
control
its
OH&S
risks
and
improve
its
职业健康安全管理体系－规范
本标准提出了对职业健康安全管理体系的要求，使组
1
范围
织能够控制其职业健康安全风险并改进其职业健康安全绩
效。标
准并未提出具体的职业健康安全绩效准则，也不对
管理体系的设计提出详细的规范。
performance.
It
does
not
state
specific
OH&S
performance
criteria,
nor
does
it
give
detailed
specifications
for
the
design
of
a
management
system.
This
OHSAS
specification
is
applicable
to
any
organization that wishes
to:
a)
establish
an
OH&S
management
system
to
eliminate
or
minimize
risk
to
employees
and
other
interested
parties
who
may
be
exposed
to
OH&S risks associated with its activities;
b)
implement,
maintain
and
continually
improve
an OH&S management system;
c)
assure
itself
of
its
conformance
with
its
stated OH&S policy;
d)
demonstrate
such conformance to others;
e)
seek
certification/registration
of
its
OH&S
management
system
by
an
external
organization; or
f)
make
a
self-determination
and
declaration
of
conformance with this
OHSAS specification.
All
the
requirements
in
this
OHSAS
specification
are
intended
to
be
incorporated
into
any
OH&S
management system.
The
extent
of
the application
will depend on such factors as the OH&S
policy of
the
organization,
the
nature
of
its
activities
and the risks and complexity of its
operations.
This
OHSAS
specification
is
intended
to
address
occupational
health
and
safety
rather
than
product and services safety.
2.
Reference publications
Other
publications
that
provide
information
or
guidance
are
listed
in
the
Bibliography.
It
is
advisable
that
the
latest
editions
of
such
publications
be
consulted.
Specifically,
reference should be made to:
OHSAS
18002:1999,
Guidelines
for
the
implementation of OHSAS
18001.
BS
8800:
1996,
Guide
to
occupational
health
and
..........................
本标准适用于任何有以下愿望的组织：
a)
建
立职
业健康安全管理体系，以消除或降低因组织的
活动而使员工和相关方可能遇到的职业健康
安全风
险；
b)
实
施、
保持和持续改进职业健康安全管理体系；
c)
使
自己
确信能符合所声明的职业健康安全方针；
d)
向
外界证实这种符合性；
e)
寻
求外
部组织对其职业健康安全管理体系的认证；
f)
自
我鉴定和声明符合本标准。
本标准中所有的要求都适用于任何一个职业健康安全
管理体系，其适用的程度取决于组织的职业健康安全方
针、活动和风险的
性质、运行的复杂性。
本标准仅适用于职业健康安全，而不适用于产品和服
务安全。
2
参考出版物
其它提供信息或指南的出版物已列入参考文献中。但
如有该类出版物最新版本，应该参
考其最新版本。
OHSAS
18002:1999,
OHSAS 18001
实施指南
.
BS 8800: 1996,
职业健康安全管理体系指南
3
术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于
OHSAS
规范。
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safety management systems.
3.
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this OHSAS
specification the
following terms and
definitions apply.
3.1
Accident
Undesired event giving rise
to death, ill health,
3.1
事故
造成死亡、疾病、伤害、损坏或
其它损失的意外事
件。
3.2
审核
判定组织的活动和有关结果是否符合计划的安排，以
及这些安排是否得到有效实施并适
用于实现组织的方针和
injury, damage or other loss.
3.2 Audit
Systematic
examination
to
determine
whether
activities and
related results conform to planned
arrangements
and
whether
these
arrangements
are
implemented
effectively
and
are
suitable
for
achieving
the
organization's
policy
and
objectives (see 3.9).
3.3
Continual improvement
Process of
enhancing
the
OH&S
management
system,
to
achieve
improvements
in
overall
occupational
health and safety performances, in line
with the
organization's OH&S policy.
NOTE
The
process
need
not
take
place
in
all
areas
of
activity simultaneously.
3.4
Hazard
Source or situation
with a potential for harm in
terms
of
injury
or
ill
health,
damage
to
property, damage to the workplace
environment, or
a combination of these.
3.5
Hazard identification
Process
of
recognizing
that
a
hazard
(see
3.4)
exists and defining its
characteristics.
3.6
Incident
Event
that
gave
rise
to
an
accident
or
had
the
potential to lead to an
accident
Note: An incident where no
ill health, injury, damage,
or
other
loss
occurs
is
also
referred
to
as
a
miss
3.7
Interested
parties
Individual or group concerned
with or affected by
the OH&S
performance of an organization.
3.8
Non-
conformance
Any
deviation
from
work
standards,
practices,
procedures,
regulations,
management
system
performance
etc.
that
could
either
directly
or
indirectly
lead
to
injury
or
illness,
property
damage, damage to the workplace
environment, or a
combination of these.
3.9
Objectives
..........................
目
标（见
3.9
）的一个系统化的验证过程。
3.3
持续改进
强化职业健康安全管理体系
的过程，目的是根据组织
的职业健康安全方针，从总体上改善职业健康安全绩效。
注：该过程不必同时发生在活动的所有领域。
3.4
危害源
可能造成人员伤害或疾病、财
产损失、作业环境破坏
或其组织的根源或状态。
3.5
危害源辨识
识别危险源的存在（见<
/p>
3.4
）并确定其性质的过程。
3.6
事件
导致或可能导致事故的情况。
注：无
疾病、伤害、财产损失或其它损失产生的事件也被称
之为“未遂过失”，本术语“事件”
包括“未遂过失”。
3.7
相关方
关注组织的职业健康安全状况
或受其职业健康安全绩
效影响的个人或团体。
3.8
不符合
任何与工作标准、惯例、程序
、法规、管理体系绩效
等的偏离，其结果能够直接或间接导致伤害或疾病、财产
损失、对作业环境的破坏或这些情况的组合。
3.9
目标
组织在职业健康安全绩效方面所要达到的目的。
3.10
职业健康安全（
OHS
）
影响作业场
所内员工、临时工作人员、合同方人员、
访问者和其他人员健康安全的条件和因素。
3.11
职业健康安全管理体系
总的管理体系
的一部分，便于组织对与其业务相关的
职业健康安全风险的管理，包括为制定、实施、实
现、评
审和保持职业健康安全方针所需的组织机构、策划活动、
职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。
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Goals,
in
terms
of
OH&S
performance,
that
an
organization sets itself
to achieve.
3.10
Occupational health and safety
Conditions and factors that affect the
well-being
of
employees,
temporary
workers,
contractor
personnel,
visitors
and
any
other
person
in
the
workplace
3.11
OH&S
management system
Part
of
the
overall
management
system
that
facilitates
the
management
of
the
OH&S
risks
3.12
组织
具有自身职能和行政管理的公司
、集团公司、商行、
企事业单位或社团，或是上述单位的部分或组合，无论其
是否法人团体、公有或私营。
注：对于拥有一个
以上运行单位的组织，可以把每一个单独
的运行单位视为一个组织。
3.13
绩效
基于其职业健康安全方针和目标，与组织的职业健康
associated
with the business of the organization.
This
includes
the
organizational
structure,
planning activities, responsibilities,
practices,
procedures,
processes
and
resources
for
developing,
implementing,
achieving,
reviewing
and maintaining the organization's OH&S
policy.
3.12
Organization
Company,
operation,
firm
enterprise,
institution
or
association,
or
part
thereof,
whether
incorporated or not,
public or private, that has
its own
functions and administration.
NOTE:
For
organizations
with
more
than
one
operating
unit,
a
single
operating
unit
may
be
defined
as
an
organization.
3.13
Performance
Measurable results of the OH&S
management system,
related
to
the
organization's
control
of
health
and
safety
risks,
based
on
its
OH&S
policy
and
objectives
NOTE:
Performance
measurement
includes
measurement
of
OH&S management
activities and results.
3.14
Risk
Combination
of
the
likelihood
and
consequence(s)
of a specified hazardous event
occurring.
3.15
Risk assessment
Overall
process
of
estimating
the
magnitude
of
risk
and
deciding
whether
or
not
the
risk
is
tolerable.
3.16
Safety
Freedom
from
unacceptable
risk
of
harm
[ISO/IEC
Guide 2]
3.17
Tolerable
risk
Risk that has been reduced to a
level that can be
endured by the
organization having regard to its
legal
obligations and its own OH&S policy.
4. OH&S management system elements
4.1 General requirements
..........................
安
全风险控制有关的，职业健康安全管理体系的可测量结
果。
注：绩效测量包括职业健康安全管理活动和结果的测量。
3.14
风险
某一特定危险情况发生的可能性和后果的结合。
3.15
风险评价
评价风险大小以及确定风险是否可容许的全过程。
3.16
安全
免
除<
/p>
了
不
可
接
受
的
损
害
风
险
的
状
态
[ISO/IEC
指
南
2]
。
3.17
可容许风险
组织根据其法律义务和职业健康安全方针，已降至可
接受程度的风险。
4
职业健康安全管理体系要素
4.1
总要求
组织应建立并保持职业健康安全管理体系。条款
4
叙
述对职业健康安全管理体系的要求。
4.2
职业健康安全方针
组织应有一个经最
高管理者批准的职业健康安全方
针，该方针应清楚阐明职业健康安全总目标和改进职业健
康安全绩效的承诺。
方针应：
a)
适合组织职业健康安全风险的性质和规模：
b)
包括对持续改进的承诺；
c)
包括至少应遵守的现行有关职业
健康安全法律法规和
组织制定的其它要求的承诺；
d)
形成文件，实施并保持；
e)
传达到全体员工，使每个人都认
识各自的职业健康安
全方面的义务；
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The
organization
shall establish
and
maintain an
OH&S
management
system,
the
requirements
for
which are set out in
clause 4.
4.2 OH&S
policy
There
shall be an occupational health and safety
policy
authorized
by
the
organization's
top
management,
that
clearly
states
overall
health
and
safety
objectives
and
a
commitment
to
f)
可为相关方所获取；
g)
定期进行评审，确保其适宜性。
4.3
策划
4.3.1
危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制计划
组织应建立并保持程序，用来开展危险源辨识、风险评
价和实施必要的控制措施，这些程序应包含：
improving health and safety
performance.
The policy
shall:
a)
be appropriate to the nature and scale
of the
organization's OH&S risks;
b)
include
a
commitment
to
continual
improvement;
c)
include
a
commitment
to
at
least
comply
with
current
applicable
OH&S
legislation
and
with
other
requirements
to
which
the
organization
subscribes;
d)
be documented,
implemented and maintained;
e)
be
communicated
to
all
employees
with
the
intent
that employees are made aware of their
individual OH&S obligations;
f)
be available
to interested parties; and
g)
be
reviewed
periodically
to
ensure
that
it
remains
relevant
and
appropriate
to
the
organization.
4.3 Planning
4.3.1
Planning
for
hazard
identification,
risk
assessment and risk control
The
organization
shall
establish
and
maintain
procedures
for
the
ongoing
identification
of
hazards,
the
assessment
of
risks,
and
the
implementation
of
necessary
control
measures.
These shall
include:
-
routine and non-routine activities;
-
activities of
all personnel having access to
the
workplace
(including
subcontractors
and
visitors);
-
facilities
at
the
workplace,
whether
provided by the organization or others.
The organization shall
ensure that the results of
these
assessments
and
the
effects
of
these
controls
are
considered
when
setting
its
OH&S
objectives.
The
organization
shall
document
and
keep this information up
to date.
..........................
―－常规和非常规活动；
―－所有进入作业场所人员（包括合同方人员和参观人
员）的活动；
―－作业场所内的设施，无论其是否由组织或外界提供。
组织应确保在建立职业健康安全目标时，考虑这些风险
评价的结果和控制的效果。形成文件，并保持这类信息是
最新的。
组织用于危险源辩识和风险评价的方法应该：
―－依据风险的范围、性质和时限性加以界定，以确保该
方法是主动性的而不是被动性的；
―－规
定风险分级，识别可通过
4.3.3
和
4.3.4
中所规定
的措施来消除或控制的风险；
―－与运行经验和所采取的风险控制措施的能力相一致；
―－为确定设施要求、识别培训要求和（或）进行运行控
制提供依据；
―－提供所需措施的监测，
确保其实施的有效性和适时
性。
注：如需关于危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制的进一步指南
，
参见
OHSAS
18002
。
4.3.2
法律及其它要求
< br>组织应建立并保持程序，以识别和获取适用法规和其
他职业健康安全要求。
组织应及时更新有关法规和其它要求的信
息，并将这
些信息传达给员工和其他相关方。
4.3.3
目标
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The
organization's
methodology
for
hazard
identification and
risk assessment shall:
-
be defined with
respect to its scope, nature
and timing
to ensure it is proactive rather
than
reactive;
-
provide for the classification of risks
and
identification
of
those
that
are
to
be
eliminated
or
controlled
by
measures
as
defined in 4.3.3 and 4.3.4;
-
be consistent
with operating experience and
the
capabilities
of
risk
control
measures
组织应针对其内部相关职能和层次，建立并
保持文件
化的职业健康安全目标。
注：如可行，目标宜予以量化。
组织在建立与评审职业健康安全目标时，应考虑法律
和其他要求、职业健康安全危险源和风险、可选技术方
案、财务、运行和
经营要求，以及相关方的意见。目标应
符合职业健康安全方针，包括对持续改进的承诺。
employed;
-
provide
input
into
the
determination
of
facility
requirements,
identification
of
training
needs
and/or
development
of
operational controls;
-
provide
for
the
monitoring
of
required
actions to ensure
both the effectiveness and
timeliness
of their implementation.
NOTE:
For
further
guidance
on
hazard
identification,
risk assessment and risk control, see
OHSAS 18002.
4.3.2 Legal
and other requirements
The
organization
shall
establish
and
maintain
a
procedure for identifying and accessing
the legal
and
other
OH&S
requirements
that
are
applicable
to it.
The
organization
shall keep this
information
up-
to-date.
It
shall
communicate
relevant
information
on
legal
and
other
requirements
to
its
employees
and
other
relevant
interested
parties.
4.3.3 Objectives
The
organization
shall
establish
and
maintain
documented
occupational
health
and
safety
objectives,
at
each
relevant
function
and
level
within the
organization.
NOTE:
objectives
should
be
quantified
wherever
practicable.
When
establishing
and
reviewing
its
objectives,
an
organization
shall
consider
its
legal
and
other
requirements,
its
OH&S
hazards
and
risks,
its
technological
options,
its
financial,
operational
and
business
requirements,
and
the
views of
interested parties. The objectives shall
be consistent with the OH&S policy,
including the
commitment to continual
improvement.
..........................
4.3.4
职业健康安全管理方案
组织应制定并保持旨在实现职业健康安全目标的管理
方案，其中应包括文件
化的：
a)
为实现目标所赋予组织相关职能
和层次的职责和权
限；
b)
实现目标的方法和时间表。
应定期并且在计划的时间间隔内对职业健康安全管理
方案进行评审，必
要时应针对组织的活动、产品、服务或
运行条件的变化，对职业健康安全管理方案进行修
订。
4.4
实施与运行
4.4.1
机构和职责
对组织的活动、设施和过程的职业健康安全风险有影
响的从事管理、操作和验证工作的
人员，应确定其作用、
职责和权限，形成文件，予以沟通，以便于职业健康安全
管理。
职业健康安全的最终责任由最高管理者承担。组织应
在最高管理层任命一
名成员（如：某大组织内的董事会或
执委会成员）承担特定职责，以确保职业健康安全管
理体
系的正确实施，及完成组织所有岗位和运行范围的各项要
求
。
管理
者应为实施、控制和改进职业健康安全管理体系
提供必要的资源。
注：资源包括人力资源和专项技能、技术和财力资源。
组织任命的管理者应有明确的作用、职责和权限，以
便：
a)
确保按照本标准建立、实施和保持职业健康安全管
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4.3.4
OH&S management programme(s)
The
organization
shall
establish
and
maintain
(an)
OH&S
management
programme(s)
for
achieving
its
objectives.
The
shall
include
documentation
of:
a)
the
designated
responsibility
and
authority
for
achievement
of
the
objectives
at
relevant
functions
and
levels
of
the
理体系要求；
b)
确保
向最高管理者提交职业健康安全管理体系绩效
报告，以便评审，并为改进职业健康安全管
理体系
提供依据。
所有承担管理职责的人员，都应该表明其对职业健康
安全绩效持续改进的承诺。
organization:
and
b)
the means
and time-scale by which objectives
are
to be achieved.
The OH&S
management programme(s) shall be amended
to
address
changes
to
the
activities,
products,
services,
or
operating
conditions
of
the
organization.
4.4
Implementation and operation
4.4.1
Structure and responsibility
The
roles,
responsibilities
and
authorities
of
personnel
who
manage,
perform
and
verify
activities having an effect on the OH&S
risks of
the
organization's
activities,
facilities
and
processes,
shall
be
defined,
documented
and
communicated
in
order
to
facilitate
OH&S
management.
Ultimate
responsibility
for
occupational
health
and
safety
rests
with
top
management.
The
organization
shall
appoint
a
member
of
top
management
(e.g.
in
a
larger
organization,
a
Board
or
executive
committee
member)
with
particular
responsibility
for
ensuring
that
the
OH&S
management
system
is
properly
implemented
and
performing
to
requirements
in
all
locations
and
spheres of operation within the organization.
Management
shall
provide
resources
essential
to
the
implementation,
control
and
improvement
of
the OH&S management
system.
NOTE:
Resources
include
human
resources
and
specialized, technology
and financial resources.
The
organization's
management
appointee
shall
have a defined role,
responsibility and authority
for:
a)
ensuring
that
OH&S
management
system
requirements
are
established,
implemented
and maintained
in accordance with this OHSAS
specification;
b)
ensuring that reports on the
performance of
..........................
4.4.2
培训、意识和能力
对于其工作可能影响工作场所内职业健康安全的人
员，应有相应的工作能力。在教育、培训和（或）经历方
面，组织应对其能
力作出适当的规定。
组织应建立并保持程序，确保处于各有关
职能和层次
的员工都意识到：
－遵循
职业健康安全方针、程序和职业健康安全管理
体系要求的重要性；
－在工作活动中实际或潜在的职业健康安全后果，以
及个人
行为的改进所带来的职业健康安全效益；
－在执行职业健康安
全方针与程序，实现职业健康安
全管理体系要求，包括应急准备与响应要求方面的
作用与职责（
见
4
.4.7
）；
－偏离规定的运行程序的潜在后果。
培训程序应考虑下列不同层次的：
－职责、能力及文化程度；
－风险。
4.4.3
协商与交流
组织应建立并保持程序，以确保与员工和其他相关方
就相关的职业健康安全信息进行相互沟通。
员
工参与和协商的安排应形成文件，并向相关方通
报。
员工应：
－参与关于管理风险的方针和程序的制定和评审；
－参与影响作业场所安全卫生任何变化的商讨；
－在安全卫生事务上享有代表性；
－
了解谁是他们的职业健康安全员工代表和指定的管
理者代表（见
4.1.1
）。
4.4.4
文件
组织应以适当的媒介（如：书面或电子形式）建立并
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