英汉篇章翻译

Frank

Underwood,

the

treacherous

main

character

of

the

Netflix

series

House of Cards, uses

a

combination

of deceit, manipulation, and even violence to transform

himself from a U.S. senator to contender for the White

House. In each episode Underwood makes asides to the

camera, summarizing his strategy for gaining power. In

one episode he tells us: “For those of us climbing to the

top of the food chain, there can be no mercy. There is

but one rule: hunt or be hunted.”

弗兰克·

安 德伍德是

Netflix

的美剧

《纸< /p>

牌屋》中邪恶的主人公，他利用一系

列欺骗、篡改甚至暴力手段让 自己从

美国的一名参议员成为

总统候选人

。

每一集，安德伍德都会对着镜头总结

他获得权力的策略。其 中

有一段

，他

说：

“对于爬到食物链顶端的我们而

言，绝不能

心慈手软

。我们的世界只

有一条规则：

弱肉强食

。

”

Underwood’s

philosophy

towards

gaining

power

is

an

old

one,

tracing

at

least

back

to

the

time

of

Niccolo

Machiavelli,

who

warned

that

kindness

only

leads

to

weakness.

In

the

modern

era,

some

research

suggests

that

people

with

narcissistic

and

tendencies

are

more

likely

to

rise

to

the

top

of

organizations.

But

that

doesn’t

nec

essarily

mean

they

are

effective

leaders.

When

it

comes

to

political

power,

how

does

virtue

relate to success?

Leanne

ten

Brinke

at

the

University

of

California,

Berkeley

and

her

colleagues

attempted

to

answer

this

question

by

investigating

the

relationship

between

the

moral

character

of

U.S.

senators

and

their

political

influence. Using publicly available C-SPAN videos, the

researchers selected 502 videos of all 151 U.S. senators

who held office from January 1989 to December 1998.

The

senators

were

about

equally

split

between

Republicans

and

Democrats

and

the

majority

of

them

were men. The researchers randomly selected one video

from

each

senator

per

Congress

and

had

a

group

of

trained coders view the first minute of each video.

Past

research

has

shown

that

viewing

video

clips

as

short as thirty seconds can provide enough information

to

accurately

judge

someone’s

basic

personality.

Known as “thin

-

slicing” this technique

has shown, for

example, that untrained observers can correctly identify

individuals who have personality disorders. The coders

were

asked

to

make

inferences

about

each

senator’s

personality

and

other

characteristics

using

only

one

minute

of

video

footage.

Using

only

the

first

minute

gave the study consistency since each speech began the

exact

same

way:

with

the

senator

making

a

formal

request

that

the

speech

be

entered

into

the

Congressional Record and then a description of the bill

对于获得权力，安德伍德的哲学< /p>

是

并

不新鲜，这一哲学至少可以追溯到尼

古拉·马基雅维利时期，尼古拉·马

基雅维利曾

提醒世人

：仁慈只会导致

软弱。现代一些调查表明自恋 的人更

可能爬到权力的顶端，但这并不意味

着他们一定能

有效运用权力

。就政治

权力而言，