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经济金融术语中英文对照
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D
打白条
issue IOU
大额存单
certificate of deposit<
/p>
（
CD
）
大额提现
withdraw deposits in
large amounts
大面积滑坡
wide-
spread decline
大一统的银行体制
（
all-in-
one
）
mono-bank system
呆账（请见“坏账”
）
bad
loans
呆账准备金
loan loss reser
ves
（
provisions
）
呆滞贷款
idle loans
贷款沉淀
non-performing loans
贷款分类
loan classification
贷款限额管理
credit control;to
impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制
credit disciplinary
（
constraint
）
mechanism
代理国库
to act
as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款
make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款
ear-marked loans
倒逼机制
reversed transmission
of the pressure for easing
monetary
condition
道德风险
moral hazard
地区差别
regional disparity
第一产业
the primary industry
第二产业
the secondary industry
第三产业
the service
industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产
deferrable assets
订货不足
insufficient orders
定期存款
time deposits
定向募集
raising funds from
targeted sources
东道国（请见“母国”
）
host
country
独立核算
independent
accounting
短期国债
treasury
bills
对冲操作
sterilization
operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权
claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式
diversified
ownership
E
恶性通货膨胀
hyperinflation
二级市场
secondary market
F
发行货币
to issue currency
发行总股本
total stock issue
法定准备金
required
reserves;reserve requirement
法人股
institutional shares
法人股东
institutional
shareholders
法治
rule of law
房地产投资
real estate investment
放松银根
to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核
off-site
surveillance
（
or
monitoring
）
非银行金融机构
non-bank financial
institutions
非赢利性机构
non-
profit organizations
分税制
assignment of central and local taxes;tax
assignment
system
分
< br>业
经
营
segregation
of
financial
business
（
services
）
;divis
ion of business scope based on the type of
financial institutions
风险暴露（风险敞口）
risk exposure
风险管理
risk management
风险意识
risk awareness
风险资本比例
risk-weighted capital
ratios
风险资本标准
risk-based
capital standard
服务事业收入
public service charges;user's charges
扶贫
poverty alleviation
负增长
negative growth
复
式
预
算
制
double-entry
budgeting;capital
and
current
budgetary account
G
改革试点
reform
experimentation
杠杆率
leverage ratio
杠杆收购
leveraged buyout
高息集资
to
raise funds by offering high interest
个人股
non-institutional shares
根本扭转
fundamental
turnaround
（
or
reversal
）
公开市场操作
open market
operations
公款私存
deposit
public funds in personal accounts
公用事业
public utilities
公有经济
the state-owned
sector;the public sector
公有制
public ownership
工业成本利润率
profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值
industrial value added
供大于求
supply exceeding
demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施
incentives
股份合作企业
joint-equity
cooperative enterprises
股份制企业
joint-equity
enterprises
股份制银行
joint-
equity banks
固定资产贷款
fixed
asset loans
关税减免
tariff
reduction and exemption
关税减让
tariff concessions
关税优惠
tariff
incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为
to
regularize
（
or
standardize
）?
behavior
规模效益
economies of scale
国计民生
national interest and
people's livelihood
国家对个人其他支出
other government
outlays to individuals
国家风险
country risk
国际分工
international division of labor
国际收支
balance of payments
国有独资商业银行
wholly state-owned
commercial banks
国有经济（部门）
the state-owned
（
or
public
）
sector
国有企业
state-owned enterprises
（
SOEs
）
国有制
state-ownership
国有资产流失
erosion of state
assets
国债回购
government
securities repurchase
国债一级自营商
primary
underwriters
of
government
securities
过度竞争
excessive competition
过度膨胀
excessive expansion
H
合理预期
rational
expectation
核心资本
core
capital
合资企业
joint-venture
enterprises
红利
dividend
宏观经济运营良好
sound macroeconomic
performance
宏观经济基本状况
macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控
macroeconomic
management
（
or
adjustment
）
宏观调控目标
macroeconomic
objectives
（
or
targets
）
坏账
bad debt
还本付息
debt service
换
汇
成
本
unit
export
cost;local
currency
cost
of
export
earnings
汇兑在途
funds in float
汇兑支出
advance
payment of remittance by the beneficiary's
bank
汇率并轨
unification of exchange rates
活期存款
demand deposits
汇率失调
exchange rate
misalignment
混合所有制
diversif
ied
（
mixed
）
ownership
货币政策态势
monetary policy stance
货款拖欠
overdue obligations to suppliers
过热
J
基本建设投资
investment in
infrastructure
基本经济要素
economic fundamentals
基本适度
broadly appropriate
基准利率
benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款
deposits of non-
profit institutions
机会成本
opportunity cost
激励机制
incentive mechanism
积压严重
heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
挤提存款
run on banks
挤占挪用
unwarranted
diversion
of
（
financial
）
resources
（
from
designated
uses
）
技改投资
investment in
technological upgrading
技术密集型产品
technology-intensive
product
计划单列市
municipalities with independent planning status
计划经济
planned economy
集体经济
the collective sector
加大结构调整力度
to intensify
structural adjustment
加工贸易
processing trade
加快态势
accelerating trend
加强税收征管稽查
to enhance tax administration
加权价
weighted average price
价格放开
price liberalization
价格形成机制
pricing mechanism
减亏
to reduce losses
简化手续
to
cut
red
tape;to
simpl
ify
（
streamline
）
procedures
交投活跃
brisk trading
缴存准备金
to
deposit required reserves
结构扭曲
structural distortion
结构失调
structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出
acute structural
imbalance
结构优化
structural i
mprovement
（
optimization
）
结汇、售汇
sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱
financial fragility
金融动荡
financial turbulence
金融风波
financial disturbance
金融恐慌
financial panic
金融危机
financial crisis
金融压抑
financial repression
金融衍生物
financial derivatives
金融诈骗
financial fraud
紧缩银根
to tighten monetary
policy
紧缩政策
austerity
policies;tight financial policies
经常账户可兑换
current account
convertibility
经济特区
special
economic zones
（
SEZs
）
经济体制改革
economic reform
经济增长方式的转变
change in the main source of economic
growth
（
from
investment expansion to efficiency
gains
）
经济增长减速
economic
slowdown;moderation
in
economic
growth
经济制裁
economic sanction
经营自主权
autonomy in management
景气回升
recovery in business
activity
境外投资
overseas
investment
竞争加剧
intensifying competition
局部性金融风波
localized
（
isolated
）
financi
al disturbance
迹象
signs of
overheating
K
开办人民币业务
to engage in RMB
business
可维持（可持续）经济增长
sustainable economic growth
可变成本
variable cost
可自由兑换货币
freely convertible
currency
控制现金投放
control
currency issuance
扣除物价因素
in
real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
库存产品
inventory
跨国银行业务
cross-border banking
跨年度采购
cross-year procurement
会计准则
accounting standard
L
来料加工
processing of imported
materials for export
离岸银行业务
off-shore banking
（
business
）
理顺外贸体制
to rationalize
foreign trade regime
利率杠杆的调节作用
the role of
interest rates in resource
allocation
利润驱动
profit-driven
利息回收率
interest collection
ratio
联行清算
inter-bank
settlement
连锁企业
franchise
（
businesses
）
;chain businesses
良性循环
virtuous cycle
两
极
分
化
growing
income
disparity;polarization
in
income
distribution
零售物价指数
retail price index
（
RPI
）
流动性比例
liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率
/
流通速度
velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款
working capital loans
流通体制
distribution system
流通网络
distribution network