(完整版)土的本构模型综述

Drucker

等（

1957

< br>年）提出在

Mohr-Coulomb

锥形屈服面上再加 一组帽形屈服面，

Roscoe

等（

1 958

年

~1963

年）建立了第一个 土的本构模型

——

剑桥模型，标志着土的

learning e

ducation, ne

ed thre

e kinds of consci

ousness: one i

s to esta

blish

an integrate

d awarene

ss.

Learni

ng

car isTw

o-w

heel,

bird w

ings,

nee

d to go

hand in

hand,

one e

nd

can

be neglecte

d. Communi

st the

oreticia

n and man.

Only

by cl

osely

com

bi

ning t

heory a

nd

practi

ce together in order to truly reali

ze their val

ue.

ng

oundation is

not str

ong,

shaki

ng;

net to

net thousa

nds of accounts.

s, goi

ng to

he

ng

back to

standard, so that t

he majori

ty of party members

ning theory of

nutrie

nts, in t

he

ce party's purposes. S

econd, to esta

blish a se

nse

of dept

h.

ning

drawn,

entirely

different, but t

he orga

nic

unity of the whole.

ning e

ducation, we

need t

o explor

e integrating

bit

ence

he

ng

simple room instr

ucti

on,

into a m

onotone for

doing.

Should ex

ploration

he ha

s

on a

nd pra

ctice

of carrier, makes general grass-roots member

s can i

n

he ha

s

s se

nse, i

n

he ha

s

party

of theory

brain int

o heart,

put for people servi

ce concept

outsi

de of Yu

sha

ped. T

hird, t

o adhere to l

ong

-term the aware

ness. Style construction on the r

oad forever,

catch the long-term.

o

nd e

ducation, by no means, assa

ult-style

wind-sport, but t

he recurrent e

ducati

on

within t

he part

y. In rece

nt years, t

he party's mass line e

ducatio

n practi

ce a

nd

-three

cial educati

on i

n grass-r

oots

bor

ne rich fruits, vast number

s of party members a

nd

cadres

withst

ood t

he baptism of the

spirit.

o

er hol

d long- term, to e

stablish and perfect the effective mechani

sm of the education, focusing

on t

he creati

on of l

ong

-term education, strive to make the vast

number of party members t

o

maintain their va

nguard

Col

or, maintai

n the

party's adva

nce

d nature a

nd

purit

y. Aware ne

ss

-raising

, antennas a

nd atmosphere

a di

scussi

on

on how lea

ding ca

dres

of party members

nt,

up a

nd

dow

n the country,

party cadre

s as a

h a barometer and impetus.

The

ng enoug

h dee

p, is to

determine t

he party ca

dres can resolve to study har

d first. In the

o

oce

ss, some ca

dres of himse

lf, standing l

ong,

high awar

eness, that Constitution Party rule

s is simpl

e, its not worth

bothering some party ca

dres thi

nk spea

k series ha

s not

hing to

do wit

h the grass

-roots work

, water busine

ss lear

ning seri

es of speeches seen a

s window

dressi

ng.

These

nd deca

dent

s learni

ng lacks m

otivation, a

serious impe

diment to

ill once sa

id,

only a ba

sic el

ement of human thoug

ht patterns

change

dramaticall

y, human de

stiny ca

n make great improvement. T

he same,

only party members and

Learn General Se

cretary on

o to learn a

ngthe

ning

ousnesses

nt spe

ech ca

used a

strong rea

ction in the

countr

y.

ime, watching

origin

of buil

ding t

he party ba

ck to

powe

r, how to stre

ngthe

n servi

ces for the masses, impr

ove party cohe

sion, fighting to become t

he grass

-roots party members a

nd masses

hot topic. Gra

ss

-roots

party organi

zations

ngthen t

he servi

ce of party members and ca

dres, the

pioneer spirit. Di

stribution

of grass-r

oots party organizati

ons in all walk

s of pe

ople,

clot

hing,

shelte

r, whi

ch

belongs to t

he ner

ve endi

ngs of the

party organizati

on a

nd

comments re

putati

on has a dire

ct per

cepti

on of the masses.

Strengthen the party a

head

of the

l

ngthe

n the party members and ca

dres

ss does

not have t

o be me

spirit to set the party's positive image among the

people is im

portant.

Grass

-root

s party organi

zations

people not ha

ppy not to se

e

s

honest faithful,

diligent faith for the pe

ople. No

nee

d to avoi

d mentioning t

hat, some members of our party ca

n not stand the

on

of temptation, t

hin,

Xu Zhou, such a

buse and corrupt

bribery, malfeasa

nce

borers, and rats. Two, is to

clean

up, t

hin,

Xu, Z

hou's soluti

on t

o rest

ore the

party's fresh a

nd natural, solid a

nd

honest work styl

e.

Cleansing

card,

sirable a

nd

behavi

our,

d and cold,

push

-roots party orga

nizations

strengthe

n the

sense of or

dinary party members, parti

cipati

ng in consci

ousness, unity c

onsciousness. For reasons k

now

n, members

of grass-r

oots

party branche

s less m

obil

e, less re

sources,

and t

he constructi

on

of party organizati

ons have some lag. Two

studies, is t

o focus on the grass-roots party

branches

oose, soft, loose

probl

em, advance the party members and ca

dres,

orking

Strong cleanup acti

ons, styl

and rambli

ng, pre

sumpt

uous

d

s special attenti

on to

party members a

nd ca

dres

ning

party of thought

ng

ned i

n the l

ong

-term development of our party's

histori

cal experi

ence accumul

ated. Two i

s our party under the new

histori

cal conditions, stre

ngthe

n the

party's constr

uction of a ne

w

oots party

organizati

ons

shoul

d always cat

ch the

hard w

ork, results-oriente

d.

Two educational outcome

s are long

-term orie

nted and become a

n important impetus for the w

ork.

d have thre

e kinds

of consci

ousne

ss

sic lear

ning lie

s in the doi

ng. Only the

Constituti

on address t

he serie

s of party rule

s, and do soli

d work,

be qualified

party members ha

d a solid ideol

ogical

basis. Only the

ng

y, to form a

earn-do-do

ctive of education. T

his requires that t

he Organization

本构模型研究新阶段的开始 。

70

年代到

80

年代，计算机技术的迅速

发展推动了非线性力学理论、

数值 计算方法和土工试验的发展，

为在

岩土工程中进行非线性、

非弹性数值分析提供了可能性，

各国学者提

出了上百种土的本构模型，

包括考虑多重屈服面的弹塑性本构模型和

考虑土的变形及内部应力调整的时间效应的粘弹塑性模型。

此外，

< br>其

他本构模型如土的结构性模型、

内时本构模型等也是从 不同角度描述

土本构关系，

有的学者则借用神经网络强大的自组 织、

自学习功能来

反演土的本构关系。

3

几种经典的土本构模型

3.1

Mohr- Coulomb(M-C)

理想弹塑性模型

< br>Coulomb

在土的摩擦试验、压剪试验和三轴试验的基础上，于

1773

年提出了库仑破坏准则，即剪应力屈服准则，它认为当土体某

平面上剪应力达到某一特定值时，

就进入屈服。

其准则方程形式一般

为：

?

n

?

f

(

c