Cohesion-and-Coherence的区别

Cohesion and Coherence

Cohesion

can be thought of as all the

grammatical and lexical links

that link one part of a text to another. This includes use of synonyms,

lexical

sets,

pronouns,

verb

tenses,

time

references,

grammatical

reference, etc. For example, 'it', 'neither' and 'this' all refer to an idea

previously

mentioned.

'First

of

all',

'then'

and

'after

that'

help

to

sequence a text. 'However', 'in addition' and 'for instance' link ideas

and arguments in a text.

Coherence

can

be

thought

of

as

how

meanings

and

sequences

of

ideas

relate

to

each

other.

Typical

examples

would

be

general>

particular;

statement>

example;

problem>

solution;

question>

answer; claim> counter-claim.

What does cohesion mean?

You might think of cohesion as a means of establishing connections

within a text at all

sorts

of

different

levels,

e.g., section, paragraphs,

sentences and even phrases.

How

is

cohesion

different

from

coherence?

It

is difficult

to

separate

the two. However, think of coherence as the text making sense as a

whole

at

an

ideas

level,

and

cohesion

as

rather

more

mechanical

links

at a language level.

You can imagine that it is possible for a

piece of writing to contain plenty of cohesion yet little coherence.

Cohesion

is the glue that holds a piece of writing together. In other

words,

if

a

paper

is

cohesive,

it

sticks

together

from

sentence

to

sentence

and

from

paragraph

to

paragraph.

Cohesive

devices

certainly

include

transitional

words

and

phrases,

such

as

therefore,

furthermore, or for instance, that clarify for readers the relationships

among ideas in a piece of writing. However, transitions aren't enough

to

make

writing

cohesive.

Repetition

of

key

words

and

use

of

reference words are also needed for cohesion.

Cohesion Devices

Lexical level:

Repetition

Word family repeated

Synonyms, antonyms, other word relations

Thematically related words (lexical set)

Substations with one/ones

Grammatical level:

Reference: article, pronouns, normalization

Substitution of clause elements using so, not, do/does/did, etc

Ellipsis of clause elements

Linking words: conjunctions and conjuncts

Comparatives

Verb tense

Rhetorical techniques

Question and answer

Parallelism