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最新
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阅读理解
阅读理解是各地中考试题中
所占分值比例最大的题型，其分值一般在
30
分左右。阅读理解
的设题形式有判
断正误、选择最佳答案、回答问题、填写表格等。阅读题重点考查的内容
是事实认定、词语理解、数量计
算、主题思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看，则以直接型、
转换型和归纳型的试题为主，需要依据文章事实
和作者思路进行推理的题次之。
一、细节理解题
（一）题型概述
细节理解题就是指那
些针对文章细节描写或与文章主旨大意、情节发展相关的具体事实所设置的问题。
这类题
主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。细节类阅读题是每年中考的重点，但细节
理解题的解题方法随着题目类型的不同而变化。命题形式有：
⑴
直接理解题
问题包括询间人（
who
）
、物（
wh
at
）
、时间（
when
）
、地点（
where
）
、原因（
why
）
、结果（
result
）以
及文中
的数据
( data)
等，这些题在原文中可以直接找到答案。
说明文、记叙文、新闻和广告信息等常出现
此类直接理解题。
⑵
语义转化题
这是细节理解题最基本也
最常用的考查方式。题干通常考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，或对某
一个或几个信
息的捕捉能力。常见的提问方式有：
①
All the statements are
true except ______.
②
Which
of the following is true/ NOT true according to
the passage?
③
Which of the
following is not mentioned?
④
From this passage we know
______.
⑶
排序题
一般是在选项中列举一些从文
中选出的事实细节，要求考生根据时间、地点、动作发生的先后顺序或
句子间的逻辑关系
进行排序。最常见的是表示时间的关键词，如
first, then, later,
next , last, during,
while
等。
（二）解题思路
第一步：找词
寻找定位关键词、题干或选项；醒目词——具体实词。
第二步：定位
在原文中定位原词（同义转述、反义转述或其他相关词）
（三）真题范例
【范例
1
】
（吉林）
Dear neighbors,
We
are
writing
this
letter
to
you
because
our
school
has
started
a
group.
It
is
called
“Help
the Environment”. It
works to look after the environment.
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Here are
some interesting facts that our group has learnt:
★
Most things that we throw
away can be used again or
recycled(
再利用
).
★
Some European countries,
for example, Germany, already recycle half of
their waste.
…
Yours,
John Cooper
问题：根据短文内容
，判断下列各句正（
T
）误（
F
）
。
All
the things that we throw away can be used again or
recycled.
【范例
2
】
（北京）
Billy’s
favorite color is orange. But he can’t see what
orange looks like. Billy is blind.
A month after he
was
born, his mother noticed that his eyes
weren’t
quite as big as
a
normal
baby’s.
Billy would never be abl
e to
see.” the doctor told his mother. After that
Billy’s
mother
began
talking
to
him,
describing
things
she
saw
outside
the
window.
She
described
everything
to him.
Billy
does
not
only
depend
on
his
mother’s
descriptions
to
learn
about
the
world
around
hi
m.
He sees with
his ears and his hands, too. He has perfect
hearing. When people make phone calls,
he can tell the numbers they
dial(
拨
).
Billy
loves
computer
science.
He
began
teaching
himself
computer
programming
when
he
was
just
seven
years
old.
His
dream
school
would
be
Stanford
University.
He
gets
top
grades
in
his
classes,
making
that a real possibility.
“You can’t let excuses get in the way
of your dreams, and if you do that you can’t move
forward and reach your goals, “said
Billy.
问题：
1. From the passage, we know that
_______.
A. Billy can’t
hear.
B. Billy can’t
see.
A. Billy
can’t walk.
D. Billy can’t
talk.
2.
How did
Billy’s mother help him?
A. By teaching him how to draw.
B. By asking teacher for
advice.
C. By describing
everything to him.
D. By
sending him to his dream school.
3.
When did Billy begin teaching himself computer
programming?
A. When he was
7 years old. B. When he was in Grade 5.
C. When he was high school.
D. When he was at university.
解析：
1. B
题干意为“从短文中，我们得知比利不能
______
。”四个选项分别为：不能听；不能看；不能走；
不能说话。根据文中
第一段第三句
Billy is blind.
可知比利是盲人
，看不到。因此答案选
B
。
2. C
题干意为“比利的妈妈是怎样帮助比利的？”A.. By teaching him
how to draw.通过教他怎么画；
B. By asking
teacher for
advice.
通过向老师寻求建议；
C. By
describing everything to h
im.
通过为
他描述每一样东西；
D. By sending
him to his dream school.
通过把他送到梦想的学校。根据文
中第二
段最后一句
She described
everything to him.
她给他描述一切事物，可知答案为
C
。
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3. A
题干意为“什么时候比利开始自学电脑程序？”根据文中第四段的第二句
He began teaching
himself computer
programming when he was just seven years old.
可知，是在七岁时。故选
A
。
【范例
3
】
（山东滨州）
Trip 1 One Week In The Mountains
Bring your strong shoes and warm
clothes for this walk in a beautiful area of
the Green Mountains. You may go hiking
or have a try of rock climbing. This is
also a protection area for wild
animals. You can find many kinds of animals in
this area.
Time: July
8
—
July 14 Tel:
84639818
Adult : $$1l0
Child: $$55
Trip 2 Three
Days In The Country
There
are
many
beautiful
gardens.
Take
your
camera
and
enjoy
the
wonderful
sights
in Hunter Valley. It is a good place
for fishing and horse riding. You can also
find
different
kinds
of
flowers
here.
This
is
als
o
a
great
walk
for
bird-lovers.
Time: July
20
—
July 22 Tel:
83986432
Adult: $$50
Child: $$25
Trip 3
Flashlight
(
手电筒
)
Adventure
(
冒险
)
Put on your warm clothes, bring a
flashlight and come for a night walk along the
Dungog Valley. It is a trip full of
adventure. A guide will lead the tour. Many
of the plants on this trip can only be
seen at night.
Time: July
16
—
July 18 Tel:
83875629
Adult: $$30
Not for children
Trip 4
Five Days By The Sea
Wear your sun hat
and enjoy wonderful sunshine all the time from
morning to
evening. Our
hotel is next to the sea. We have our
own boats, too. You can swim in the sea
or in the
swimming
pool.
Every
day
our
boat
will
take
you
to
different
places
for
swimming.
Time: July
13
—
July 17 Tel:
87549679
Adult: $$80
Child: $$40
问题：
1.
What number can you call if you want to enjoy the
sunshine at the seaside?
A. 87549679.
B. 83875629. C. 84639818.
D.
83986432.
2. David loves sports. He
will take his holiday from July 7 to
J
uly 15. What activity will he
probably take part in?
A.
Hiking in the mountains.
B.
Watching plants at night.
C. Fishing in
the country.
D. Swimming in
the sea.
3. Lucy wants to know
something about the life of plants at night. Which
trip will she choose?
教案试题
<
/p>
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A. Trip 1.
B. Trip 2.
C. Trip 3.
D. Trip 4.
4. Which of the following is NOT
mentioned according to the four advertisements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.C
题干意为：露西想了解植物在夜间的生活，她可以
参加那种旅游？
Trip 1
的项目是徒步旅行、攀岩
和观察野生动物。
Trip 2
的项目是欣赏自
然风光、垂钓、骑马、赏花、赏鸟；
Trip3
的项目是观赏夜
间植
物；
Trip 4
的项目是游泳。
根据题干意思可知，应选
C
。
4.B
题干意为：下面哪一项是广告中没有提到的？
Trip1
和
Trip3
都提到要带“厚衣服”；
Trip2
中提到
要带相机；
Trip4
中提到要
带“太阳帽”，只有“雨伞”没有提到。根据题干意思可知选
B
。
【范例
4
】
（福州）
生词提示：
expand
扩展
publish
出版
Book
Description
This
is
an
educational
children’s
picture
book
with
plenty
of
facts
to
expand
young
minds,
Sara Myers simply
explains all about dogs with easy words or
phrases.
Children will learn about:
★
What dogs are
★
Where they can be found
★
What they eat
★
And much more!
The
fantastic
photos
are
sure
to
fire
your
child’s
imagination,
and
keep
them
interested all the way through.
Publication
Date:
September
3,
2013
Publisher:
Hazed
Publishing
Language: English
问题：
According to
the material, the book may be chosen for the
reason EXCEPT ______.
A. easy English
B. fantastic photos
C. plenty of facts
D. lots of pages
解析：
D
题干意为：根据这篇材料，这本书除了
_____
都是被选中的原因。
A
项：简易英语；
B
项：精美图
片；
C
< br>项：
大量事实；
D
项：很多页码
。由“This
is
an
educational
children’s
picture
book
with
plenty
教案试题
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of facts to expand young minds, Sara
Myers simply explains all about dogs with easy
words or
phrases.”可知：页码不是要选中的原因，故选
D
。
二、推理判断题
（一）题型概述
推理判断题主要考查
考生根据文章的字面意思，推断作者的意向、动机、目的、性格特征、事件的前
因后果、
语言中的语态、语气等。
在阅读中，人们首先理解的是字面意
义。然而，语言所表达的内容常常超过其字面意义。阅读的目的
不仅仅是只读懂原文，还
要从字里行间“读出”作者没有明确表达却又隐含的意思。这就要求考生掌握逻
辑判断和
推理的方法，根据语言本身的内在联系，在理解原文的基础上，做出符合作者原意的推断。推理
< br>判断题常见的提问方式：
①
It can be
inferred/concluded(
下结论
)/
seen from the passage that ______.
②
Which of the following
conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
③
From the news, we can
learn/conclude that ______.
④
In the passage, the writer
mainly wanted to tell us that ______.
⑤
The sentence
“...” is from the passage. Which situation may it
belong to?
⑥
The
story suggests that ______.
⑦
Which of the following
might happen later?
⑧
The
passage is probably taken from a(an) ______.
⑨
Which of the following
best describes the character of...?
⑩
The passage may be a(an)
______.
（二）解题思路
第一步：定位
定位段落，目标阅读
第二步：详读
了解大意，深层把握
第三步：推理
立足语篇，据实推理
（三）真题范例
【范例
1
】
（湖北十堰）
The
2014
FIFA
World
Cup
,
the
twentieth
World
Cup
football
match,
will be held in Brazil from June
12
, 2014 to July 13
, 2014.
Thirty-two
teams
from
different
countries
will
bring
us
sixty-
four wonderful games during the World Cup. This is
the
second
time
the
World
Cup
is
held
in
this
country
and
the
fifth
in
South
America.
Thousands
of
football
fans
are
looking
forward
to watching the games.
th
th
A
Bite of China
(
舌尖上的中国
)
, a
mouth-watering documentary
TV program
featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a
large number of people. The program has
become very popular
since it was shown
on TV. The documentary provides not only
Chinese delicious food but also the
relations between people
and food.
“We made this documentary with
our
respect
and
love
for food. I hope it
will help people learn more about Chinese
food as well as Chinese
culture,” said the director Mr.
Chen.
教案试题
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Lu
Jialei,
a
school
girl
from
Hangzhou
China,
won
the
championship
of
the
first
Chinese
Character
Dictation
Contest
,
which
made her become famous overnight. Lu is a hard-
working
girl and always comes top at
school. “I like reading and I’m
crazy
about learning Chinese characters. I enjoy the
contest
and hope more and more people
become interested in learning
Chinese
characters.”
said
Lu
Jialei
after
winning
the
conte
st.
问题：
Where may the articles
probably come from?
A. A
story book.
B. A science report.
C. A sports magazine.
D. The Internet.
【范例
2
】
（湖北随州）
Nothing was going right for Dr. Turner
at the hospital. He made a mistake while operating
on a patient. He felt sure he was no
longer trusted (
信任
) and
decided to change his job. One
day he
learned from the paper that a doctor was looking
for a partner. The doctor, whose name
was Johnson, lived in Thorby, a small
town in the north of England.
A few
days later Dr. Turner went to Thorby, and arrived
at Dr. Johnson’s home early in the
afternoon. Though old and a little
deaf, Dr. Johnson still had a good brain. He kept
talking to
the visitor about the town
and its people. When they turned to the question
of partnership, it
was already seven in
the evening, Dr. Johnson invited Dr. Turner to
have dinner with him in a
restaurant
before
catching
the
train
back
to
London.
Dr.
Turner
noticed
that
Dr.
Johnson
was
fond
of
good
food
and
expensive
wines.
They
had
an
excellent
meal.
When
the
bill
was
brought,
Dr.
Johnson
felt in his pocket.
“Oh, dear,” he said, “I’ve forgotten my money.”
“That’s all right.”
Dr.
Turner
said.
“I’ll
pay
the
bill.”
As
he
did
so,
he
began
to
wonder
whether
Dr.
Johnson
was worthy of trust.
问题：
1. The two
doctors spent most of the afternoon talking about
______.
A. things of no interest to Dr.
Johnson
B. things of no importance to
Dr. Turner
C. health ma
tters
D. food and drink
2. The
story suggests that ______.
A. Dr.
Johnson did not like Dr. Turner
B.
Th
e two doctors would become friends
C. The two doctors would not work
together
D. Dr. Turner decided to stay
at his present job
解析：
1.
B
根据文章第三段中的“He
kept
talking
to
the
visitor
ab
out
the
town
and
its
people.
When
they
turned to the question
of partnership, it was already seven in the
evening.”可以推断：整个下
教案试题
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