美国反文化运动

美国反文化运动

【摘要】

20

世纪

60

年代中后期到

70

年代初，

美

国发生了一场以青年为主体的反文化运动，运动建立了一套与主流文化格

格不入的生活方式，波及到社会文化的多个领域，影响至今。本文以历史

唯物主义为指导 ，

采用了社会史的一些理论和方法，

结合大量的文献资料，

对这场运动的根源、发展、衰亡原因及影响进行了探讨，得出结论认为：

除越战、

社会动荡等显而易见的原因外，

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年代的美国社会正处于由工业

社会向后工业社会的转型时期，社会结构面临调 整，青年人的反抗是资本

主义发展中一般矛盾与美国

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年代的特殊矛盾相激化的结果；反文化运

动经历了从不为人知到传遍世 界，从地下活动到公开狂欢，从理想主义到

彻底放纵的发展过程；但是在短暂的高潮过后 ，由于反文化运动自身的局

限性，由于

70

年代初美国政治经济形势的变化，运动走向了衰亡；反文

化运动不仅在最明显的意义 上影响着美国人的衣着打扮，音乐与毒品的使

用，在更深的层次上还影响了美国人的婚姻 家庭观和价值观念。

更多还

原

【

Abstract

】

Between the mid and late term of the 1960s and the early term

of the 1 970s,in the United States happened the Counter- culture, based on the

youth and propagated on a very wide scale. The Counter- culture established a

set of life style opposite to the main-stream culture of America, and even has

great effects nowadays. The article directed by historical materialism, adopts

some theories and methods of social history, combines a great many academic

documents,

inquires

into

the

origin,

development

and

decline

of

the

Counter-culture.

Hence,

I

make

conclusion:

Besides

Vietnam

War,

social

upheaval

and

some

other

obvious

reasons,

American

society

experienced

a

revolutionary period from industrial society to post-industrial society in the 1

960s,so

that

American

social

structure

needed

regulation.

Young

people

’

s

rebellion resulted from hot dispute between capitalism common contradiction

and

American

special

contradiction.

The

Counter-culture

got

a

development

procedure

from

little

known

to

complete

self-indulgence.

However,

after

its

brief

peak,

the

Counter-culture

came

to

be

weak

for

its

own

limitation

and

American

political

and

economical

condition

in

the

early

seventies.

The

Counter-culture not only takes great effect on American clothing, music, and

illegal

drug

use,

but

also

on

American

marriage,

family

and

value

views

at

much deeper levels. Shi Xiao-ling Directed by Gao Fang- ying

更多还原

提起“反文化”

（

counter-c ulture)

一词，人们会很自然地联想起美国

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