-
英语语音基础表
1.
音节：
(1)
单音节是由一个元音（或再加上前后的辅音）构成。
如：
make
face
my
I
Mike.
(2)
双音节是由两个元
音（或再加上前后的辅音）构成。
如：
hour
answer.
(3)
多音节是由三
个或三个以上的音节构成。
如：
exercise.
(4)
开音节：元音字母后面没有辅音字母时，为绝对开音节；
元音字母
+
辅音字母
(r
除外
)+
不发音的
e
时，
为相对开音节。
如：绝对开音节
no
相对开音节
note.
(5)
闭音节：元音字母后面有辅音字母。
如：
not
desk
on.
2.
音节的划分：
< br>(1)
在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时（除
r
和字母组合
外）
，一个属于前面，另一个属
于后面。
如：
let-ter
ap-ple.
(2)
两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时（除
r
和字
母组合
外）
，如果前面是开音节，则该辅音字母属于后面；如果
前
面是闭音节，则该辅音字母属于前面。
如：
stu-dent
stud-y.
(3)
在两个音节相
邻处有字母
r
时：
< br>①相邻处是
rr
时，一个
r
属于前面，另一个
r
属于后面，前
边按重读闭音节规律发音。
如：
mar-ry.
②相邻处是
元音字母
+r+
其他辅音字母
时，
r
属于前面，前
边
按重读
-r
音节规律发音。
13-1
如：
far-ther.
③相邻处是
元音字母
+r+
元音字母
时，
r
属于前面。
如：
dur-
ing.
④有字母组合的词在划分音节时，要保持字母组合的完整。
如：
daugh-ter.
3.26
个英文字母在单词中常发的音：
a [a]
b [b]
c [k]
d
[d]
e [e]
f [f]
g [g]
h [h]
i [i]
j
[d
?
]
k [k]
l [l]
m [m]
n [n]
o
[
?
]
p
[p]
q [k]
qu[kw]
r [r]
s [s]
t [t]
u
[
?
]
v [v]
w [w]
x[ks]
y [j]
z [z]
a_e
e_e
i_e
o_e
u_e
[ei]
[i:]
[ai]
[
?
u]
[ju:]
4.
基本字母组合发音：
an [?n] can
ran
pan
fan
at [?t] cat
hat
rat
bat
en [en] hen
ten
pen
men
13-2
et [et] net
pet
wet
jet
ig [ig] big
dig
pig
wig
ip [ip] sip
dip
rip
zip
ot
[
?
t] hot
cot
pot
dot
og
[
?
g] frog
fog
log
dog
ug
[
?
g] rug
bug
hug
mug
ink
[i
?
k] drink
pink
sink
wink
5.
元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音：
a
e
i
o
u
[
?
]
[
?
]
[
?
]
[
?
]
[
?
]
ar
er
or
ur
[
?
]
[
?
]
[
?
]
[
?
]
如：
about
around
hello
April
student
o'clock
collection
doctor
grammar
answer
brother
August
Saturday
元音字母组合发音规则
a
的字母组合：
ai [ei]
ai[ei] rain
paint
pain
jail
rail
nail
straight
ai[e]
again
said
ay [ei]
play
ay[ei] bay
ray
way
say
hay
pay
May
lay
day
aw [
?
:]
aw[
?
:] paw
draw
saw
straw
strawberry
law
awful
13-3
au
[
?
:]
au[
?
:] August
sauce
sausage
naughty
autumn
applause
because
astronaut
au[a:] aunt
laugh
augh
[
?
:]
augh[
?
:] daughter
air/aer [e
?
]
air/aer[e
?
] hair
aeroplane
aerial
al
[
?
:]
al[
?
:] talk
call
tall
fall
ball
wall
also
al[a:] half
palm
(al+f
或
m
时，读
[a:])
e
的字母组合：
ee [i:]
ee[i:] reeds
eel
bee
peel
jeep
feet
see
teeth
street
beef
week
agree
green
need
ea [i:]/[e]
ea[i:] sea
meat
peanut
clean
peach
tea
leaf
pea
cream
eat
please
teacher
ea[e] head
sweater
sweat
pear
lead
bear
leather
feather
weather
heavy
breakfast
ea[ei]
great
ea[i
?
]
really
idea
ey
[i:]/[ei]
key
ey[ei] grey
ey[i:] donkey
money
jockey
turkey
monkey
hockey
13-4
ear [i
?
]/[e
?
]
ear[i
?
] hear
near
beard
dear
year
ear[e
?
] bear
wear
pear
ear[a:] heart
ear[
?
:] learn
early (ear+
辅音时，
ear
读
[
?
:])
eer
[i
?
]
eer[i
?
] deer
beer
ei/eigh
[ei]
ei/eigh[ei] veil
eight
ei/eigh[ai] height
neither
either
ei[i:]
receive (c+ei
时
,ei
常读
[i:])
eu/ew/iew [ju:]
eir
[e
?
]
eo [i:]
i
的字母组合：
eu/ew/iew[ju:] neutral
deuce
new
view
review
few
nephew
dew
hew
newspaper
eir[e
?
] their
theirs
eo[i:]
people
ie [ai]
ie[ai] tie
pie
lie
die
ie[i:] thief
belief
believe
ie[e] friendly
ie[ai
?
] quiet
science
ia/io
[ai
?
]
ia/io[ai
?
]
dialogue
pioneer
diary
lion
13-5
ig/igh [ai]
ig/igh[ai] right
sight
night
tight
light
sign
fight
high
o
的字母组合：
oa [
?
u]
oa[
?
u] road
toast
toad
coal
goat
boat
coat
soap
coach
ow
[
?
u]/[au]
ow[
?
u] rainbow
pillow
yellow
window
bowl
row
hollow
low
follow
show
know
snow
ow[au] cow
towel
clown
owl
crown
brown
flower
tower
how
crowded
down
now
ou [au]
ou[au]
house
out
mouth
count
fountain
mountain
shout
mouse
found
sound
around
ou[
?
] country
young
ou[u:]
group
soup
you
through
ou[
?
u] though
shoulder
although
oi
[
?
i]
oy [
?
i]
oi[
?
i]
coin
oil
point
noise
boil
soil
poison
coil
join
voice
oy[
?
i] boy
oyster
toy
cowboy
soy
enjoy
oo [u:]
oo[u:] moon
zoo
roof
rooster
boots
food
spoon
room
cool
pool
noodle
school
soon
too
oo[u] book
woods
cookie
wool
foot
cook
hook
13-6