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英文名著中常见的语法难点解析

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2021-02-11 15:00
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2021年2月11日发(作者:银星勋章)



1




All+


抽象名词



抽象名词


+itself



= very +


形容词




例句:


He was


all gentleness


to her.


他对她非常的温存。




To his superiors, he is


humility itself


.



对于长辈他极为谦逊。





这原是表示某种性质到了极点的一种说法,有



非常



< br>“


只管




一味







之意,有

时甚至可以译为


“……


的化身


”< /p>



“……


的具体化



。普通名词的复数用在


all


后, 也是属于这


一类型的句子。例如:




She is all smiles.


她一味笑。




He is all eyes.


他盯着看。





2




Something of/much of





something like


Nothing of/ little of



例句:


Mr. Li is


something of


a philosopher.


李君略有哲学家的风味。




Mr. Wu is


nothing of


a musician.


吴君全无音乐家的风味。




Mr. Lu is very


much of


a poet.


卢君大有诗人气派。




Mr. Liu is


little of


a scholar.


刘君几无学者风度。




This is


something like


a pudding.


此物略似布丁。





这是表示程度的形容词短语,有时可以当副词来译。


something of=to some extent


,在问


句或条件句中,则为


anything of


,中文可译为



略有





多少



。至于


nothing of


,则译为







much


of


可译为



大有


< p>
,通常与否定连用。


little


of


是它的反义词,可译为



几无

< br>”




something like=something approximately in character or amoun t



指数量或性质略同的事物,



译为



似乎,略微







3.


属格的主格作用和宾格作用



例句:


No one came to my


mother’


s rescue


.


谁也不来救助我的母亲。


(宾格)




The love of money


is the root of all evil.


爱财是一切罪恶的根源。


(宾格)





英语中的属格,要看文章才能决定 是主格还是宾格。例如:林肯的名言


The government


of the people, by the people and for the people.


既可解释为(


1


)人民治理的(主格)


,也可以解


释为(

2


)治理人民的(宾格)


。更多例子:



John’s fear


(主格)约翰的恐惧



/



The fear of John


(宾格)恐惧约翰的心情




The commands of the general



(主格)



/






the command of an army


(宾格)





4.


(名词)


A+of+a.+


(名词)


B


例句:


That fool of a Tom


did it.


这是汤姆那个笨蛋做的。





这是同格的属格,在


of

< p>
前后的名词,指同一人或同一物。其中的



名词+


of”


构成一个



1



形容词短语修饰后面的名词名词 。在


of


后面出现的名词前面,必须加不定冠词,哪怕是固


有名词,这个不定冠词都不能省略。





5.


One thing… another



例句:


It is


one thing


to know and


another


to teach.


自己知道是一回事,要教别人又是另外一


件事。





6.


of+


抽象名词=形容词




of


从略


+


普通名词




例句:


It was


of great importance


.


这是非常重要的。





The earth is


the shape


of a pear.


地球是梨子形的。





这种形式等于形容词。在


“of


从略


+


普通名词



的形式中,一般与形状、年龄、大小、色


度、价格等有关的词都 用这种形式。如



同一大小



,说


“of


a


si ze”


,如果要加上形容词,就


要省略


of


。说成


“the same size”



Age, price, size


等词,是没有形容词的,因此,


”of age”, “of


size”, “of price”


代替了形容词。





7.


As… as


的三种用法



例句:


He is


as


kind


as


his sister.


他和 他妹妹一样善良。


(两个不同的人相同的性质)




He is


as


kind


as


(he is) honest.

他又诚实又善良。


(同一人不同的性质)




He is


as


kind


as


his sister is honest.


他妹妹诚实,而他善良(两个人不同的性质)




He is not


so


kind


as


you are.


他不象你那么善良。


(否定)




She is


more


shy


than


unsocial.


与其 说她不爱交际,不如说她害羞。


(对同一人不同性质


的比较)< /p>





8.


As…as any, as… as ever



As… as anything can be



例句:


He is


as


great a statesman


as any


(or as ever lived).


他是一位稀有的大政治家。





这种形式是



不让





不弱



、甚至



古今无双



的意思。在


“as


…as


any”


后面,可以加上


名词,如


“He works as hard as anybo dy.”


(他勤勉不逊于任何人)


。如果后面接物而不接人,< /p>


则有


“as…as anything can be” = “as…as possible”



意为



……


愈佳




“I will make it as clean


as anything can be.”



我要尽量把它弄干净。




“as…as ever”





照旧



的意思。< /p>



“He is as busy


as ever.”


(他照旧忙)






9.


As…, so…



例句:


As


rust eats iron,


so


care eats the heart.


忧能伤人,亦犹锈之蚀铁。





2




这里


so


的 意思是


“in the same proportion”



“in like manner”



“in the same way”


(亦复如


此)






10.


As much



As many



Like so many



例句:


I thought


as much


.


我亦作如是想。




Those five days seem to me


as many


years.


那个五天对我好像五年一样。




They work


like so many


ants.


那些人就象那么多的蚂蚁一样在做工。





As much = as much as that,


有三种意思:



(1) the same degree or quantity of;


表示同样程


度的,同样分量的。


(2) as well, equally;


表示同样或同等。


(3) the same thing, just so


;表示同


一事,意为



亦然






As many = the same number o f


,表示同数,意为



其数相同




Like so many


意思是



好像


同样数目的< /p>



,又可译成



宛如


……


似的







11.


As good as



As well as




例句:


It is


as good as


done.



It is broad


as well as


long.



I have understanding


as well as


you.



Work in moderation is healthy


as well as


agreeable to the human constitution.




As


good


as


=


(1)


amounting


to;


意为



等于





同样





几 如





不欠 缺




(2)


virtually,


essentially


,意为



实际上





其实


< p>



实在






As well as = (1) no less than;


意为



等于





不下于









(2) both… and;


意为






“< /p>






二者皆




(3) not only… but also


,即


……



……


,注意翻译时要把顺序颠倒。





12.


句首的


as it is


句尾的


as it is



例句:


If I were rich, I should do so.


As it is


, I do nothing.



如果我有钱的话,我就要这样做。但实在 太穷,我什么都不能做。




The painter does not copy nature


as it is


.


画家描绘大自然,并不是完全写实的。




用于句首,接在假设语气之后,意为



事实上





实际上



。类似的表达还有:


as matters


stand


(在目下的状态中)


, as the case stands


(在目下的状态中)


, as things now are


(在目下


的状态中)


, as things go


(以目下的情形而论)




用于句尾,接在名词或代名词之后,复数是


as they a re.


意为



照现状

< br>”





3





13.


名词等+


as


+主语+动词等



例句:


Child as she was


, she was more than a match for him.



她虽是一个小孩,却胜过做他的对手。




Strange as it may sound


, it is true.


听来虽觉奇怪,确是千真万确的。




Try as you may


, you will never succeed.


你尽可以试试看,不过你绝难成功。





这个形式中的


as

< br>,多为


though



alth ough


的意思,表示一种让步。





14.


May well+


动词




have good reason


And well+


主语


+may



例句:


He


may well


be proud of his success.


他获得那样的成功是很可以骄傲的。




He is proud of his success,


and well he may


.


他 对于自己的成功感到骄傲,也是应该的。




She


might well


ask that.


她这样问一声,也不为无理吧。





May


well+


动词




have


good


reason


,意为



那样 也是有理由的




< br>无怪



。内容如果是


指过去,< /p>


May


可以改为过去时态的


might< /p>


。不过有时候,过去时态的


might


, 不一定指过去,


而是一种客气的说法。见第三句例句。





15.


May as well… as



Might as well… as




例句:


You


may as well


call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.



你如把虎叫做大猫,同样也无妨把猫叫做小虎。




You


might as well


throw your money away as spend it in gambling.






你要把钱花在赌博上,还不如丢掉的好。





这两种形式都用于现在,


没有现在时和过去时的区别,


所不同的是前者指可能的事,



后者指不可能的事,一般可译为



与其


……


不如


……”




宁肯


……


为佳




< p>
不啻







16.


Cannot help +


动名词



Cannot but +


原形不定式




例句:


I


cannot help admiring


his courage.


我对于他的勇气不胜佩服。




I


cannot but admire


his courage.


我对于他的勇气不胜佩服。




We


cannot keep from


admiring the scenery.


我们不禁大为赞赏那种风景。




此句型可以用


Cannot



keep/refrain from doing


代替。第二句中的


but = except


,意为



除了那


样做 以外,什么也不能做



,最后成为


“< /p>


不得不



了。




4





17.


Find oneself



例句:


How do you


find yourself


this morning ?


你今早觉得身体好吗?




He works for one hundred dollars a month and


finds himself


.


他每月有一百元足以自给。




After trying various jobs he


found himself


and became a successful reporter.



< p>
换了几个职务以后,他发现了自己的能力,成为一个成功的记者。




I


found myself


in a church.


我不知不觉走进了一个教堂。





Find oneself


有三种意思,第一指起居、动定,如第一句。第二指自给自足,如第二句。


第三指自觉、自知、发现自己的能力,如第三句。最后一句例句为



感觉自己在某种特定的


场所、


地位、


或状态中




引申为



注意一看则身在


”< /p>





觉得




实含有



意想不到




“< /p>


偶然





竟至



的意思。





18.


Make one’s way



例句:


He’ll have no difficulty in


making his way


in the world.


他要出人头地是没有什么困难的。




The chick


breaks its way


out into the world.


小鸡啄破蛋壳出来进入世间。




cleave one’


s way


through many difficulties to prosperity


排除万难,


打开出路,


以臻繁荣




cut one’


s way


排除障碍始得前进




feel one’


s way


up the stairs


扪上楼梯




fight one’


s way


out of the seething mob


从暴乱的人群中打出一条出路




fight one’


s way


in life


人生奋斗




forge one’


s way


to success


打开成功之路




labour one’


s way


with great difficulty


艰苦奋斗




He


worked his way


through college as a waiter.


他半工半读、


一面当侍者、


一面读完大学。





make one’s way< /p>


有两个含义,一个是



进行



,另一个是事业上的进展,排除困难而进。


其他动 词与


way


组合,都有排除万难而得以前进的意思。

< p>




19.


否定+


fail


+不定式



例句:


He


cannot fail to


rise early.


他一定要很早起身。





这个句型与


cannot but do


同义,可译为



一定、必须、不得 不







20.


Leave + much (or nothing) + to be desired = very imperfect


例句:


They book


leaves much to be desired


.


这本书写得极不完善。





Leave much to be desired


意为



极不完善、缺点很多

< br>”


,而


leave nothing to be de sired


意为



完善、毫无遗憾、没 有缺点







5




21.


be


+不定式



例句:


He


is to


arrive at seven in the morning.

< p>
他预定早晨七时抵达。


(预定)



In the sky not a cloud


was to


be seen.


青天无片云。


(可能)



You


are to


stay here till I come back.


你得待在此地等我回来。


(命令)



It was understood that everybody


was to


pay his own expenses.


听说各人付各人的钱。


(义务)



If he


were to


come, say that I am absent.


他来了,只说我不在家。


(假设)



This house is


to be


let or sold.


这房子要出租或出售。


(目的)



He


was to


blame for not locking the door.


没有锁门时他的过错。


(结果)



The worst


is


still


to


come.


还有最坏的要来。


(运命)





这种句型相当于形容词,有很多含 义,如预定、可能、义务、假设、目的、结果、运命


等。





22.


Too…


+不定式




Not too…


+不定式




Too…not


+不定式



例句:


She is


too


angry


to


speak.


她愤怒得说不出话来。




He is


not too


old


to


do it.


他不是老人,那个他是可以做的。




He is


too


angry


not to


say it.


他在盛怒之下,不免要说出这样的话来。





这三个句型中的不定式都是表示限 定,


第一句可以译为




……


而不能



< p>
第二句译为




不太


……


所以能做



, 第三句可译为



不免







23.


Only too


+不定式



Too ready (or apt, eager, easy, inclined, willing)


+不定式



例句:


I am


only too


glad


to


do so.


我非常高兴去做。




She is


too ready to


talk.


她真是爱说话。





凡在


not, only, all, but


等后面的


too,


其句中的不定式是没有否定意义的。


Only too


意为



非常、很







24.


Not to speak of




Not to say



例句:


He knows Latin,


not to speak of


English.


他懂拉丁文,英文自不待言。




He knows Latin,


not to say


English.


即不说英语,拉丁文他也懂得。





Not to speak of = without even speaking of, to say nothing of, not to mentio n


,意为



自不待

言、更不必说、何况




Not to say = none might almost say, if not


, 意为



姑且不说,即不说,


姑置不论、 甚至、虽未到那种程度、若非







6

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