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英语国家概况
P17
1.
Britain
is
now
a
multiracial
society
which
produces
a
population
of
which 1 in 20 are of
non-
European
ethnicity.
2.
Britain is a
country with a history of invasions.
In
43 AD Britain was
invaded
by
the
Roman
Empire
in
the
11
th
century
they
suffered
invasions from
Normans
.
3.
Charles the
first, king of Britain, was executed, because he
attempted
to overthrow
parliament
in the English
Revolution.
4.
Name
two
Scottish
cities
which
have
ancient
and
internationally
respected
universities:
Edinburgh
and
Glasgow
.
5.
Both
the
Scottish
and
Welsh
people
elect
their
members
of
parliaments to the London Parliament
and each holds
72
and
38
seats
respectively.
P47
6.
The
doctrine
of
the
“
divine
right
of
kings
”
held
that
the
sovereign
derived his
authority from
God
not from
his subjects.
7.
During
the
civil
war
in
the
17
th
century,
those
who
represented
the
interests
of
Parliament
aare
called
roundheads
,
and
those
who
supported the King were called
loyalists.
8.
In
1215, some feudal barons and the Church forced
King
John
to sign
the
Magna Carta
to place some limits on the
King
’
s power.
9.
In medical
times, kings would summon a group of wealthy
barons and
representatives
of
countries,
towns
and
cities
—
called
the
Great
Council
to raise
money.
10.
I
n
1689, Parliament passed
the Bill of
Rights
to ensure that the king
would never be able to ignore
Parliament.
11.
I
n Britain, the official
head of state is the
Queen
while the real centre
of
political life is in
the House of
Commons
.
12.
S
trictly
speaking,
the
Parliament
today
consist
of
the
Queen,
the
House
of Lords and the House of Commons.
13.
L
ife peers should be
nominated by
Prime minister
and appointed by
the
sovereign
.
P67
14.
T
he
UK
is
divided
into
650
constituencies
with
each
of
them
represented by a member in the
parliament
.
15.
T
he
party
which
wins
the
majority
seats
in
parliament
forms
the
government
and its party leader becomes
the Prime
Minister.
16.
N
ormally, a government can
be in power for
5
years, and
then it has
resign and hold a general
election.
17.
N
ational Health Service
was established by the Labour
government in
1948, providing health
care for all the people.
18.
O
ne distinctive feature
about the class system in British is that it still
retains a
hereditary
aristocracy
.
P117
19.
T
wo
famous
public
schools
mentioned
in
the
text
are
Eton
and
Winchester
.
20.
C
hildren in Britain must
receive a full-time education legally from the
age of
five
to
sixteen
.
21.
P
upils
from
the
age
of
5
to
11
mainly
attend
state-run
primary
schools.
22.
S
tudents attend
secondary
schools from the
age of 11 up to around
the age of 19.
23.
C
omprehensive
schools
provide
a
general
education,
teaching
students
everything
from
academic
subjects
like
literature
and
science to more
practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.
24.
N
ame two of the four
Scottish Universities dating from the
14
th
and
15
th
centuries
St. Andrews
and
Glasgow
.
25.
I
n
Britain, people can go to the
Open
University
without having any
formal educational qualifications.
26.
G
CSE stands for
General Certificate of secondary
Education
27.
G
CEA stands for
General Certificate of Education-
Advanced
28.
G
NVQs stands for
General National Vocational
Qualifications
名词解释
1.
The Anglo-
Saxons
They
were
two
groups
of
Germanic
peoples
who
settled
down
in