-
(文学、艺术、音乐)
李仕才
导读
:
一位美国早期的作家曾经说过:
“美国人对音乐艺术几乎是相当无知。
”
你认可这种观点吗?美
国人究竟有
哪些音乐爱好呢?
American Music Styles
James
Fenimore Cooper, an early American writer, once
said,
ignorant
of
the
art
of
music.
If
that
was
once
true,
you
would
never
know
it
today.
Most
Americans--even
those
without a musical bone
in their bodies--have a favorite style of music.
Many people enjoy classical
and
folk
music
from
around
the
world.
But
other
popular
music
styles
in
America
were
in
the
U.S.A.
Country and western
music lies close to the heart of many Americans.
This style
originated
among
country folks in the southern and
western United States. Country music tells
down-to-earth
stories
about love and life?s hardships.
Guitars,
banjos
and violins
give country music its characteristic
sound. The home of country music is
Nashville, Tennessee--Music City U.S.A.
Jazz
music,
developed
by
African-Americans
in
the
late
1800s,
allows
performers
to
freely
express
their emotions and musical skill.
①
Instead of just playing the
melody, jazz musicians
improvise
different tunes. The peak of jazz music
came in the 1920s. This period produced musicians
like Louis
Armstrong, Benny Goodman and
Duke Ellington. Different styles of jazz developed
in different cities,
②
such
as New Orleans, Chicago, New York and Kansas City.
③The
1950s
saw
the
development
of
an
explosive
new
music
style:
rock
?n?
roll.
This
powerful
music
style
addresses
issues
like
love,
sex,
drugs,
politics
and
death.
Often
it
rebels
against
the
accepted
values of society. Rock concerts,
featuring loud music and sometimes
weird
stage acts, have
become
a major part of American youth
culture. Music videos on television have spread
the message of rock
to the far corners
of the globe.
And the beat goes on.
Pop music represents popular styles that have wide
appeal.
from the past bring back
pleasant memories for many. Rap music, which burst
onto the music scene in
the 1970s, is
actually more like a rhyming
chant
. Rappers give a strong
--sometimes
vulgar
--message
about life in the streets.
1
Americans have always been
a religious people, and music has long been a part
of their religious
experience, as well.
Today?s Christian styles fit all musical
tastes
--from country to jazz to pop to
rock to rap.
In America,
music is a shared experience. People grow up with
piano lessons, chorus classes and
marching band practices. They can talk
about their tastes in music when there isn?t
anything else to
talk about.
④
If James Fenimore Cooper
were here today, he would surely have to change
his tune.
美国的音乐风格
詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏,一位美国早期的作家,曾经说过:“美国人对音乐艺术几乎是相当无知。”如果< /p>
这句话曾经是事实,今天就绝对不是你所知道的样子了。大部份的美国人——甚至那些根本
没有音乐细胞的人
——都有自己喜爱的音乐类型。
很多人喜欢来
自世界各地的古典音乐和民间音乐。
但是美国其他的流行音乐则是
土生土长的。
在美国,
乡村和西部
音乐深入人心。
这种音乐风格是从美国南部和西部的乡村音乐发展而来的。
乡村音乐讲
述的是平实的爱情故事和生活的艰辛。
吉
他、
五弦琴和小提琴赋予了乡村音乐特有的音色。
美国乡村音乐
的故乡
是位于田纳西州的那什维尔市,它号称美国音乐之城。
爵士乐,是在
19
世纪晚期由非裔美国
人创造的,这种音乐可以让演奏者自由宣泄自己的情绪、表现自己的
音乐技巧。爵士乐手
们不仅演奏乐曲,也可以即兴创作不同的曲调。
20
世纪
20
年代,爵士乐进入了巅峰时期。
这个时期
造就了路易斯·阿姆斯特朗、
·古德曼和·埃林顿这样的杰出乐手。
不同城市孕育了不同风格的爵士乐,
比如新奥尔良、芝加哥、纽约和堪萨斯市。
p>
20
世纪
50<
/p>
年代见证了一种爆炸性的音乐类型的发展,这就是摇滚乐。这种音乐极具震撼力,涉及的是
诸如
爱情、性、毒品、政治和死亡之类的话题。它经常叛离世人接受的社会价值观念。摇
滚音乐会凭借其高昂的乐声
和怪异的舞台表演已经成为美国年轻人的主流文化之一。摇滚
音乐的视频也通过电视传播到了世界偏远的角落。
音乐的节拍
一直在前进。
流行音乐代表了流行的风格深受大众喜爱。
逝去的
岁月留给我们的“黄金老歌”带
领很多人重温昔日的美好回忆。嘻哈音乐,于
20
世纪
70
年代迅速跻
身音乐舞台,它实际就像一种押韵的说唱。
嘻哈乐手表达的是强烈的、有时甚至是粗俗的
街头生活。
美国人一直是信奉宗教的民族,
< br>因此音乐也是他们宗教体验的一部分。
如今的基督教音乐可以满足人们不同
的音乐品味——乡村音乐、爵士乐、流行音乐、摇滚乐、嘻哈音乐无不包含其中。
在美国,
音乐是一种可以与人分享的体验。
人们在钢琴课、
合唱队和游行乐队的练习中成长起来。
当无话可
谈的时候,
他们就可以聊一聊自己的音乐爱好
。
如果今天费尼莫尔·库柏还在人世,
他肯定得更正自己的论调
了。
【
重点单词
】
1. ignorant ['
?
gn
(
?
)r(
?
)nt]
adj
.
无知的;愚昧的
2
2. originate [
?
'r
?
d
?<
/p>
?
ne
?
t;
?
-]
vt
.
引起;创作
3. banjo
['b?nd
???
]
n
.
班卓琴;五弦琴
4.
improvise ['
?
mpr
?
va
?
z]
vt
.
即兴创作;即兴表演
5.
weird [w
??
d]
adj
.
怪异的;不可思议的
6.
chant [t
?
ɑ
?
nt]
n
.
圣歌;赞美诗
7. vulgar
['v
?
lg
?
]
adj
.
粗俗的;通俗的
【
重点短语
/
亮点句式
】
1. instead of
代替;而不是。这是一个复合介词
,后跟名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。如:
Why
don't you play football instead of just looking
on?
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹
?
2. such
as
比如;诸如。这个短语用来表示不完全列举。如:
Heroes such as Huang Jiguang will
always live in the hearts of the people.
像黄继光这样的英雄人物,
将永远活在人民的心里。
I
like drinks such as tea and soda.
我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
3. The 1950s saw the development of an
explosive new music style: rock ?n?
roll.
20
世纪
50
年代见证了一种爆炸性的音乐类型的发展,这就是摇滚乐。
动词
see
作“经历;见证
”讲时,主语通常是某个时间或者地点,并且通常不用进行时态。如:
The city has seen plenty of violence
over the years.
近年本市发生多起暴力事件。
The
country sees a decrease in population.
这个国家人口数出现了下降。
4.
If James Fenimore Cooper were here today, he would
surely have to change his tune.
如果今天费尼
莫尔·库柏还在人世,他肯定得更正自己的论调了。
这个主从
复合句中使用了虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反,
if
从句中的动词用用过去时过去时
(Be
动词用<
/p>
were)
,
主句中的动词用
should/would/could/might+do
。如:
If I were you, I would take an
umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不
可能是你)
If I knew his
telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我
知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)
3
练习
1. Mary is ill today. If she
_____
,
she ____ absent from
school.
A. were not
ill
,
wouldn't be B.
had been ill
,
wouldn't have
been
C. had been
ill
,
should have been D.
hadn't been ill
,
could be
2. How many music styles are mentioned
in the passage? What are they?
答案
"文学、艺术、音乐"是高中新课标话题之一。该话题主要
包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文化名人以及艺
术家等方面。
"
文学与艺术"这个话题与我们的实际生活密切相关,
对于学生了解国内外的文学与艺术形
式,
还
有它们的特点、历史、发展与创新等都有帮助。该话题能
够引导学生接受和尊重不同国家和民族的文学及艺术,
并亲身感受文学与艺术的魅力。<
/p>
"文学、艺术、音乐"话题是近几年的高考英语必考话题之一,
而且常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五以及
书面表达的形式来考查,例如
2017
年新课标卷
II
书面
表达,
2017
年江苏卷阅读理解
A<
/p>
篇,
2017
年浙江卷阅读
理解
A
篇阅,
2016
p>
年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达;
2015
年全国卷Ⅰ
阅读理解
C
篇;
2015
年重庆卷阅读理解
E
篇;
2
014
年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解
D
篇
;
2012
年天津卷书面表达;
201
1
年山东卷完形填空等。
【相关词汇】
话
题
单
1.
instrument [
??
nstr
?
m
?
nt]
n.
乐器
2. folk [f
??
k]
adj
.
民间的
3. applause [
??
pl
?
?
z]
n.
鼓掌欢迎
4.
musician [mju
??
z
??
(
?
)n]
n.
音乐
家
词
5. concert ['k
?
ns
?
t]
n.
音乐会
6.
perform [p
??
f
?
?
m]
v.
表演
7.
performance [p
??
f
?
?
m
?
ns
]
n.
表演
8. classical [
?
kl?s
?
k(
?
)l]
adj.
古
典的
9. influence
[
??
nfl
??
ns]
vt.
影响
4
10. record [
?
rek<
/p>
?
?
d]
vt.& vi.
录音;纪录
n
.
记录;唱片
11. relaxed
[r
??
l?kst]
adj.
放松的
12. depressed
[d
??
pres]
adj.
压抑的
ret [
< br>?
n
?
t
?
?
pr
?
t]
v.
解释;说明
14. honour
['
?
p>
n
?
]
v.
尊敬;敬重
15. present [
?
pre
z(
?
)nt]
v.
赠送;颁发
16.
collection [k
??
lek
?
(
?
)n]
n.
收藏
17. earn
[
?
?
n]
vt.
赚钱,获得,博得
18. hit
[h
?
t]
n.
成功
19. appreciate
[
??
pri
?
?
?
e
?
t]
v.
欣赏
20. attractive
[
??
tr?kt
?
v]
adj.
吸引人的
话
1. make contact
with
与……进行来往
2. all of a
sudden
突然
题
3. give life to
赋
予……生命
(
生命力,活力
) 4.
dance to the music
伴着音乐跳
短
舞
语
5.(be)true
of/for
与……情况相同
6. depend
on
依靠,依赖
7.
(be)the same with
与……情况相同
8.
draw upon
利用,凭借,依赖,临近
9. give
concerts
举办音乐会
10. in addition
to
除此之外;还有
11.
share
feelings
and
ideas
with
与……分享感受与想法
12.
take
advantage
of
利用
13. try out
尝试
14. be blessed with
有幸
15. come out
出版
16. play jokes on sb.
在某人身上开玩笑
17. base on /
upon
基于……,以……为根据
18. break up vt. & vi.
分解,分开
破碎,解体
话
1
.
She
graduated
from
the
Shanghai
Conservatory
of
M
usic
,
where
she
also
studied
题
the guzheng in 1993.
她毕业于上海音乐学院,
1993
年她还在那里学习
弹奏古筝。
句
2
.It’s
the same with
classical
Chinese music.
中国古典音乐也是一样。
子
3
.
The
momen
t
they
start
to
play
,
it
is
clear
the
members
of
Twelve
Girls
Band
are
among the most gifted musicians
in the world.
5
她们一开始演奏,就立刻证明了女子十二乐坊的成员是世界上最有天赋的音乐家。
4
.
In
addition
to
the
awards
themselves
,
there
are
also
performances
by
famous
artists at the
ceremony.
除了大奖本身以外,颁奖典礼上还有著名艺术家的表演。
p>
5
.
Therefore
< br>,
the
Grammys
are
not
taken
seriously
by
some
musicians
or
music
fans.
因此,格莱美并不为某些音乐家或音乐迷看重。
6
.
Songs that are
spoken
rather than
sung are
called rap.
采用近乎念白方式
而不是唱的歌曲被
叫做绕舌歌。
7
.
As well
as
attracting huge audiences in its
Hong Kong home, Cantopop has
spread
offshore,
and
its stars
are known in
Beijing,
London and New
York.
粤
语流行音乐不仅仅吸引了香港本地的大量听众,
而且
传到海外的其他国家,
香港的歌
星在北京、伦敦和纽约都很有名
。
8
."
My message
is
that
it
doesn't matter
if you're black, white,
fat, thin,
old
and
young
—
we're
all
the
same
,
it's
a
great
world
and
you
can
do
something
with
your life.
""我想告诉大家的是不管你是黑人还是白人,肥胖还是瘦小,年
长还是年幼,这些都不重要——我们都是一样的,
这是一个美妙
的世界,你可以在有
生之年做些事情。"
I
.阅读理解
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
p>
四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2017
·浙江卷
)
Benjamin
West, the father of American painting, showed his
talent for art when he was only six
years
of
age.
But
he
did
not
know
about
brushes
before
a
visitor
told
him
he
needed
one.
In
those
days,
a
brush
was
made
from
camel’s
hair.
There
were
no
camels
nearby.
Benjamin
decided
that
cat
hair
would
work instead. He cut
some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon
Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat
began to look
6