工业工程专业英语每段对应翻译(全)

abstract models representing complex physical systems is a fundamental tool of engineers

As a final comment on early development, let us pay more attention to an early development that did not occur. The missing early development is related to the

behavioral sciences. The understanding of human behavior has lagged greatly behind developments in the mathematical, physical, and chemical sciences. This

is important to industrial engineers because the systems designed by IEs involve people as one of the basic components. The lack of progress in behavioral

作为一个早期发展的最终意

见，

让我们更加注 重发展初期，

没有发生。

缺少早期发展有关的行为科学对人类< /p>

行为的理解已经大大落后在数学，

物理发展的背后，

化学科学，

这是重要的工业

工程师的，

因为非法入境者所设计的系统，

涉及到人的基本组成部分之一。

的行

为科学方面的进展的缺乏阻碍了工业工程师在他的努力，设计最佳系统涉 及人

民。

The Modern Era of Engineering

现代工程时代

science has impeded the industrial engineer in his efforts to design optimal systems involving people.

Based on reference

⑴，

it defines the

modem era

of engineering as beginning in 1750

，

even though there were many important developments between

1400 and 1750. There are two reasons to choose 1750 as the beginning of modem engineering:

(1) Engineering schools appeared in France in the eighteenth century.

(2) The term civil engineer was first used in 1750.

基于参考，

它定义在

1750

年开始，

enven 1400

之间虽然有许多重要的发展有 两个原因选择

1750

作为现代工程开始工程的现代

1

）工程学校在

18

世纪出现在法国。

（

2

）长期的土木工程师在

1750

年首次使用。

Civil Engineering

土木工程

Principles of early engineering were first learned in military colleges and were concerned primarily with road, bridge and fortifications construction. This kind

of academic training was referred to as military engineering. When some of the same principles were applied to nonmilitary attempts, it was natural to call

早期工程的原则，首先在军事院校学 习，主要关心

道路，桥梁和防御工事建设。这种学术训练，被称为军事工程。当一些同样 的原

则被应用到非军事尝试，它是自然的，调用民用工程，或简单的土木工程

Mechanical Engineering

机械工程

them as civilian engineering, or simply civil engineering.

With the development of civil engineering, the relevant disciplines had also developed. Interrelated advancements in the fields of physics and mathematics set

up the groundwork for practical applications of mechanical principles. A significant advancement was the development of a practical steam engine that could

accomplish useful work. Once such an engine was available (approximately in 1700) , many mechanical devices were developed that could be driven by the

土木工程的发

展，

还制定了相关学科的。

在物理和数学等领域的相互关联的进步建立了机 械原

理的实际应用奠定基础。

一个显着的进步是一个实用的蒸汽 机的发展，

可以完成

有用的工作。一旦这种引擎（约

年）许多机械设备的开发，可以由发动机

驱动。这些努力最终在机械工程作为一个独特的分支在十九世纪初出现。

Electrical Engineering

电气工程

engine. These efforts culminated in the emergence of mechanical engineering as a distinct branch in the early nineteenth century.

The discovery and applications of electricity and magnetism are another example of such advancement, which were the fundamental work done in the later part

of the eighteenth century. Although early scientists had known about magnetism and static electricity, an understanding of these phenomena did not start until

Benjamin Franklin's famous kite- flying experiment in 1752. In the next 50 years the foundation of electrical science was built up primarily by German and

电和磁的发现和应用，这样的进步 ，其中的基础性工作做在十八世纪后

期的另一个例子。

虽然早期 的科学家们称为磁和静电，

这些现象的理解没有开始

直到本杰明 富兰克林的著名风筝放飞在

1752

年的实验。

在未来

50

年内，

电气科

学的基础就建立起来了，主要是由德国和法国的科学家

French scientists.

The first distinguishing application of electrical science was the development of the telegraph by Samuel Morse. Morse telegraph is a kind of telegraph that

sends messages using

dots and dashes or short and long sounds or flashes of light to represent letters of the alphabet and numbers. Thomas Edison?

s invention

of the carbon-filament lamp (which is still used today) led to widespread use of electricity for lighting purposes. This, in turn, spurred very rapid developments

in the generation, transmission, and utilization of electrical energy for a variety of labor-saving purposes. Engineers who chose to specialize in this field were

第一电气科学的区分应用程序是由塞缪尔莫尔斯电报 的发展，

莫尔斯电报发送邮件使用点和破折号或短期和长期的声音或指示灯闪烁代表字< /p>

母和数字字母的电报。托马斯爱迪生发明的碳丝灯泡（这是今天仍然使用），

AOS

的

LED

照明用途广 泛使用的电力。这，反过来又刺激了发电，输电，并利

用电能节省劳力的目的非常迅速的 发展。

自然选择专注于这一领域的工程师们被

称为电气工程师< /p>

naturally called as electrical engineers

Chemical Engineering

Along with the developments in mechanical and electrical technologies were accompanying developments in the understanding of substances and their

properties. The science of chemistry came up, which is concerned with understanding the nature of matter and in learning how to produce desirable changes in

materials. Fuels were required for the new internal combustion engines being developed. Lubricants were needed for the rapidly growing array of mechanical

devices. Protective coatings were required for houses, metal products, ships, and so forth. Dyes were needed in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer

products. Somewhat later, artificial materials were required to carry out certain functions that could not be performed as well or at all by natural materials. This

随着机电技术在物质及其性质的理解伴随

的发展。< /p>

化学科学诞生了，

它涉及到理解物质的性质和学习如何在材料中产 生理

想的变化。新的内燃机正在研制中需要燃料。快速增长的机械装置需要润滑剂。

field of engineering effort naturally became known as chemical engineering

房屋、 金属制品、船舶等需要防护涂层。染料是制造各种消费品所必需的。

稍

< br>晚。

人工材料需要执行某些功能，

而这些功能不能用天然 材料进

行。这一工程领域自然就被称为化学工程。

Industry

工业

After making clear of science and engineering, it is time to talk about the term

“industry”. A clear indication of the way in which human effort has been harnessed as a force for the commercial production o

?

goods and services is the

change in meaning of

the word industry. Coming from the Latin word industria, meaning “diligent activity directed to some purpose” and its descendant, Old

French industrie, with the senses “acti vity”

，

“ability”

，< /p>

and “a trade or occupation”

，

our word (first recorded in 1475) orig

inally meant “skill”

，

“a device”

，

and “diligence” as well as

“a

trade”. As more and more human effort over the course of the Industrial Revolution became involved in producing goods

and

services for sale, the last sense of industry as well as the slightly ne

wer sense “systematic work or habitual employment” grew in importance, to a large extent

taking over the word. We can even speak now of the Shakespeare industry, rath

er like the garment industry. The sense “diligence

，

assiduity”

，

< br>lives on, however,

perhaps even to survive industry itself. From the origin of this word, we can find that it means a variety of economic or social activities.

弄清科学和工程之后 ，

现在是谈论工业术语的时候了。

一个明确的迹象表明，

人类努力被用来作为商品

和服务的商业生产的力量，

< br>这是词工业的含义的改变。

来自拉丁语的产业，

意思

是

“

勤奋的活动指向某种目的，和其后裔。 古老的法国公司，用感官

”

，能力，和

一个行业或职业的人，我们的话（第一记录

1475

）原本的技 能，设备，和

“”

以

及

“

贸易

”

。

< br>随着越来越多的人类在工业革命过程中的努力被卷入生产商品和服务的销售中，

最 后一种工业意识，

以及一种稍有意义的

“系统工作或习惯性就业 ”变得越来越重要，

在很

大程度上接管了这个词。

我们现在甚至可以谈论莎士比亚工业，

而更像服装业。

意为

“勤奋、

勤勉、生活甚至生存，但是，行业本身。从这个 词的起源，我们发现它意味着电子和社会的

不同

Large Scale Production

As industrial organizations emerged to make use of the rapidly developing array of technological innovations, the size and complexity of manufacturing

units increased dramatically. Large scale production was made possible through three important concepts:

(1) Interchangeability of parts.

(2) Specialization of labor.

(3) Standardization.

大规模生产作为产业组织应运

而生，

利用迅速发展的一系列技术创新，

制 造单位的规模和复杂性急剧增加。

大

规模生产是通过三个重要的 概念成为可能（）零件的互换性（

2

）劳动分工（

3

）

通过标准化大规模生产的消费品的单位成本大大 降低

Through large scale production the unit cost of consumer products was reduced dramatically

The Origination of IE

IE

的基础的起源

The base was now laid for a dramatic shift in the lifestyles and cultures of industri

alized countries. Within nearly twenty years the People?s Republic of

China

and

other

developing

countries

changed

largely

rural,

agricultural

economies

and

societies

to

urban,

industrialized

economies

and

societies.

The

suddenness

of

this

change

is

probably

the

cause

of

many

of

today?s

urgent

problems,

for

exa mple

，

pollution

，

diseases,

traffic

crowding

and

agricultural

modernization and so on.

During the early part of this movement it was recognized that business and management practices that had worked well for small shops and farms simply

were inadequate

for lsu^e, complex manufacturing organization. The need for better management systems led to the development of what is now called industrial engineering.

IE

的基础的起源现在援助在生活方式和工业化国家文化的一个戏剧性的转变，

在< /p>

近二十年的中华人民共和国和其他发展中国家的农村发生了巨大的变化，

< br>农业经

济和社会的城市，

工业化经济体等测。

待解决的问题，例如，污染，疾病 ，交通拥挤、农业现代化等在初期这一运动认

为商业和管理实践，

曾为小商店和小农场根本不足较为复杂的制造组织更好的管

理系统导致现在所谓的工业 工程发展的需要

The Definition of Industrial Engineering

工业工程的正式定义

The following formal definition of industrial engineering has been adopted by the Institute of Industrial Engineers ( HE):

Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment,

and

energy.

It

draws

upon

specialized

knowledge

and

skill

in

the

mechanical,

physical,

and

social

sciences

together

with

the

principles

and

methods

of

工业工程已由 工业工程

师所采用的定义

（他工业工程关注的是设计的改进，< /p>

以及人们，

集成系统的安装

材料信息、< /p>

设备和能源。

通过对专业知识和技能的机械、

物理和海洋科学再加上

工程分析和设计的原则和方法来指定预测，

< br>并评估从这种情况下使用的系统中获

得的结果

engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems

2

.

As

used

in

this

context,

the

term

i

is

intended

to

be

interpreted

in

the

most

general

way

as

mentioned

above.

Although

the

term

industrial

is

often

associated with manufacturing organization, here it is intended to apfdy to any organization. The basic principles of industrial engineerir^ are being applied

长期

injustriaz

旨在解释在最一般的