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词汇语法
主谓一致
要点
?
随前一致：
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
n. + together with n2
as
well as
；
including
；
along with
；
with
/ of
；
accompanied with / by
就近原则：
n1 or n2
+v
（就近原则）
either
n1 or n2
可数
n1 and
可数
n2+v(pl)
不可数
n1 and
不可数
n2+v(pl)
例外：
war and peace
is
?
war and
peace
是一个整体
但是如果
主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结
构的特征是
and
连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very
important to our country.
The head
master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical
teacher are coming.
类似的还有：
law and
order
；
bread and
butter
；
black and
white
；
To love and to be
loved is
?；
；
A
lawyer and a teacher are
?；
A
lawyer and teacher is
?
随后原则：
not A but B / not only
A but also B+v.(
与
B
一致
)
百分比结构：
most
, half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.
（由
n1
决定）
时态要点
?
1.
掌握不同时态的标志词
?
如：与完成时连用的时间状语：
all
this
while,
all
this
year,
for
some
time,
so
far, already, before, just, long,
yet
等
?
2.
掌握不同时态的特殊用法
?
一般现在时表将来：在时间和条件
状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词
有：时间：
whe
n, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the
moment/the
minute, the day;
条件：
if, unless, provided.
?
If he
accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
?
正在进行时表示将来：表示在最近
按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将
来的时间状语）
。
具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态
或位置转移到另一个状态
或位置上去的动词。常用动词有：
go, leave, come,
arrive, land, meet, move, return,
start, stay, stop
等。
时态要点
?
3.
记住不同时态的典型句型
?
在
It
is the +
序数词
/
形容词最高
级
+that
的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完
成时。如：
?
It isn
’
t the
first time that I have found myself in an
embarrassing
situation.
?
在
no
sooner
?
than
?
, hardly/scarcely
?
when
/before
?
句型中，主句常用过
去完成时。
?
Hardly had I
got on the bus when it started to move.
非谓语要点
不定式
(infinitive)
非谓语动词
动名词
（
g
erund
）
分词
（
pa
rticiple
）
?
?
?
?
?
?
非谓语动词要点
1.
熟悉用不定式作宾补的常见动词：
?
advise allow
appoint believe cause challenge command
compel
consider declare drive
enable encourage find forbid force
guess get hire imagine impel
induce inform instruct invite
judge
know like order permit persuade remind
report request
require select send
state suppose tell think train trust
understand urge warn ask beg
expect intend pretend say teach
want
2.
熟悉
“动词＋
doing
”结构的常见动词：
?
resent
understand suggest stand resent postpone
pardon permit
necessitate mind miss
mention involve include imagine finish
favour forbid excuse escape enjoy
acknowledge advice advocate
appreciate avoid consider complete
confess delay deny
3.
不定式作状语时常用的句型
?
(1) in order
to
和
so as to
do(
以便，为了
):
?
(2)too
??
to do
??
(
非常??
以至于不能??
)
?
(3)
??
enough to do
??<
/p>
(
足以做??
)
?
(4)only to do
??
(
不料却??
)
4.
现在分词、过去分词弄清逻辑主语
(1). _________ many times, he still
didn
’
t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though to be
told
C. Having told D. He was
told
(2). _________ many times, but he
still didn
’
t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he was
told
C. To have been told D. He
was told
?
5.
熟悉独立主格
独立主格结构例句
:
?
With the
problems settled, the boss felt relaxed.
?
With a lot of
dishes to wash, I can not go with you.
?
With a lot of
dishes to be washed, the kitchen is out of order.
情态动词要点
?
1.
掌握不同情态动词的情态意义
?
表示可能性时，
Can
往往指逻辑上
的可能性
May
表示可能则指事实上的可能性。
?
1)
According to the weather forecast, it may rain
tomorrow.
?
2)
Any man with a little sense can see that he is
wrong.
?
should
有竟然之意
?
I am
surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.
?
A that you
should think B by what you are thinking
?
C that you
would think D with what you were thinking
?
2.
表示
推测时可能性大小：
Might---may---could---can---
should---ought
to---would---will---must
?
3.
情态动词完成式的意义
must (not) have done
表示对已发生的事情的
判
断
，
中文常表达为：
准是?
It must have
rained last
night; the ground is wet.
（昨晚准是下雨了，地上湿
漉漉的。
）
should (not) have done /
ought (not) to have done
表示<
/p>
事与愿违
，中文
常表
The
baby
was
cut
badly;
she
达为：
（不）
该?
，
本
（不）
shouldn't (oughtn't to)
该?
have
let
him
play
with
the
scissors. (
孩子伤得很厉
害；她不该让他玩剪刀。
)
表示
本（不）可能
She may have
known the
news; she is crying.
< br>（她
可能已经知道那个消息了；
她在哭。
）
You needn't have
bought
that dictionary; I have
got a spare one.
（你实际
上没有必要买那本字典；我
有一本多余的。
）
may / can (not) have done
need (not) have done
表示
本（不）需要
情态动词要
点
?
4.
几个情态动词常考的句型
?
(1)may/might
(just) as
well
“不妨，最好”
，与
had
better
相近。如：
Since
the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by
train.
?
(2)canno
t/can
’
t
?
too
?
“越??越好，怎么也
不过分”
。注意这个句型的变体
cannot
< br>?
over
?。如：
You cannot be too careful when you
drive a car.
?
(3
)usedn
’
t
或
< br>didn
’
t use
to
为
used to
(do)
的否定式。
虚拟语气要点
?
1.
注意含蓄条件句
:
?
so that, or,
unless, in case, lest, for fear that(
唯恐
)
，
in order that,
on condition that, suppose, if only;
but for
要不是，倘若没有
, but
that
要不是，倘若没有
,
without
要不是，倘若没有
, except
for
要不是
?
2.
错综条件句
?
If I were you,
I wouldn
’
t have missed the
film last night.
（现在－过
去）
?
3.
省略
if
?
采用倒装语序把谓语动词
were
或助
动词
did
，
had
< br>，
should
移到句首构成非真实
< br>条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。
?
Had we time to
spare
，
we would be glad to go
to the park
．
?
如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。
?
4.
虚拟语气主要句型
?
1) had hoped
引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为
would+
动词原形，表示一种过去
未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
?
47. I had
hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he
stayed there
only for three months.
?
A. spends
B. spent
?
C. would spend
D. will spend
?
2)
虚拟语气用于
wish
后的宾语从
句中
?
A
．用
wish
表示对现在的愿望时：
过去式（
be
动词用
were
）
。
?
B
．用<
/p>
wish
表示对将来的愿望时：
woul
d, could, might+
动词原形。
?
C
．
wish
用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时：
had+
动词过去分词
或
could, would + have
+
动词过去分词。
?
3)
It
’
s (high, about) time that
句型中
that
从句中要求用虚拟语气
形式，即动
词要用过去式。
?
It
’
s already 5
o
’
clock now.
Don
’
t you think
it
’
s about time ________?
?
A) we are going
home B) we go home
?
C) we went home D) we can go home
?
4) would
rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as
soon
和
would prefer
所引导的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。
?
I
’
d rather you
_______ make any comment on the issue for the time
being.
?
A)
don
’
t B)
wouldn
‘
t
?
C)
didn
’
t D)
shouldn
’
t
从句要点
?
从句可分为：
?
名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
?
形容词性从句：定语从句
?
副词性从句：状语从句包括时间状
语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语
从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、
方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。
?
v
常考的关系代词：
that; which;
who/whom/whose; where; when; what;
as
。
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