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1990
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Structure and
Vocabulary
In
each
question,
decide
which
of
the
four
choices
given
will
most
suitably
complete
the
sentence
if
inserted
at
the
place
marked.
Put
your
choice
in
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(15 points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain
yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1.
Those two families have been
quarrelling ________ each other for many years.
[A] to
[B] between
[C] against
[D]
with
2.
There are many
things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard
to think of
anything that can be
compared ________ tobacco products.
[A]
in
[B] with
[C]
among
[D] by
3.
“How
often
have
you
seen
cases
like
this?”
one
surgeon
asked
another.
“Oh,
________ times,
I guess,”
was the reply.
[A] hundred
of
[B] hundreds
[C] hundreds
of
[D] hundred
4.
Give me your telephone number ________
I need your help.
[A] whether
[B] unless
[C]
so that
[D] in case
5.
You sang well last night. We hope
you’ll sing ________.
[A]
more better
[B] still better
[C] nicely
[D]
best
6.
Those people
________ a general understanding of the present
situation.
[A] lack of
[B]
are lacking of
[C] lack
[D] are in lack
7.
Alone in a deserted house, he was so
busy with his research work that he felt
________ lonely.
[A] nothing
but
[B] anything but
[C] all
but
[D] everything but
8.
Grace ________ tears when
she heard the sad news.
[A] broke in
[B] broke into
[C] broke
off
[D] broke through
9.
She refused to ________
the car keys to her husband until he had promised
to
wear his safety belt.
[A]
hand in
[B] hand out
[C]
hand down
[D] hand over
10. Michael found it difficult to get
his British jokes ________ to American
audiences.
[A] around
[B] over
[C]
across
[D] down
11. The book contained a
large ________ of information.
[A] deal
[B] amount
[C]
number
[D] sum
12. Nowadays advertising costs are no
longer in reasonable ________ to the total
cost of the product.
[A]
proportion
[B] correlation
[C] connection
[D] correspondence
13. When
she saw the clouds she went back to the house to
________ her umbrella.
[A] carry
[B] fetch
[C]
bring
[D] reach
14. We must ________ that the
experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.
[A] assure
[B] secure
[C] ensure
[D]
issue
15. He was knocked down by a car
and badly ________.
[A] injured
[B] damaged
[C]
harmed
[D] ruined
Section II
Reading
Comprehension
Each
of the
three passages below
is followed
by
some
questions. For each question
there are four answers.
Read
the
passages carefully and
choose the best
answer to
each of the questions. Put your choice
in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Text 1
In
May
1
989,
space
shuttle
“Atlantis”
released
in
outer
space
the
space
probe
“Megallan,” which is
now on her 15
-month and one-billion-
kilometer flight to
Venus. A new phase
in space exploration has begun.
The
planet
Venus
is
only
slightly
smaller
than
Earth;
it
is
the
only
other
object
in the solar
system, in fact, that even comes close
to earth’s size. Venus has
a similar
density, so it is probably made of approximately
the same stuff, and it
has an
atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the
closest planet to earth,
and
thus
the
most
similar
in
distance
from
the
sun.
In
short,
Venus
seems
to
justify
its
long-
held nickname of “earth’s
twin.”
The
surface
temperature
of Venus
reaches
some
900F.
Added
to that is
an
atmospheric
pressure
about
90
times
Earth’s:
High
overhead
in
the
carbon
dioxide
(CO
2
)
that
passes
for
air
is
a
layer
of
clouds,
perhaps
10
to
20
miles
thick,
whose
little
drops
consist
mostly
of
sulfuric
acid
(H<
/p>
2
SO
4
).
Water
is
all
but
nonexistent.
Born with so many fundamental
similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be
so radically different: It is not just
an academic matter. For all its extremes,
Venus is a valuable laboratory for
researchers studying the weather and climate
of earth. It has no earth’s oceans, so
the heat transport and other mechanisms
are
greatly
simplified.
In
addition,
the
planet
Venus
takes
243
earth-
days
to
turn
once
on
its
axis,
so
incoming
heat
from
the
sun
is
added
and
distributed
at
a
more
leisurely, observable
pace.
16. Venus is similar to Earth in
________.
[A] size and density
[B] distance from the sun
[C] having atmosphere
[D] all of the above
17. The
greatest value in studying Venus should be to
________.
[A] allow us to visit there
[B] understand Earth better
[C] find a new source of
energy
[D] promote a new
space program
18. The main idea of this
passage is about ________.
[A] problems
of space travel
[B] scientific methods
in space exploration
[C] the importance
of Venus to Earth
[D]
conditions on Venus
Text 2
Tourists
were surprised
to see a
woman driving a huge orange
tractor
down one
of Rome’s
main
avenues. Italy’s political leaders and some of its
male union
chiefs
are
said
to
have
been
even
more
puzzled
to
see
that
the
tractor
was
followed
by
about 200,000 women in a parading procession that
took more than three hours
to snake
through central Rome.
Shouting slogans,
waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women
had come
to the capital from all over
Italy to demons
trate for “a job for
each of us, a
different
type
of
job,
and
a
society
without
violence.”
So
far,
action
to
improve
women’s
opportunities
in
employment
has
been
the
province
of
collective
industrial
bargaining. “But there is a growing
awareness that this
is not
enough,” says a
researcher
on
female
labor
at
the
government-funded
Institute
for
the
Development
of Professional
Training for Workers.
Women,
who
constitute
52
per
cent
of
Italy’s
population,
today
represent
only
35 per cent
of Italy’s total workfo
rce
and 33 per cent of the total number of
Italians with jobs. However, their
presence in the workplace is growing. The
employment of women is expanding
considerably in services, next to the public
administration
and
commerce
as
their
principal
workplace.
Official
statistics
also
show that women have
also made significant strides in self-employment.
More and
more women are going into
business for themselves. Many young women are
turning
to business because of the
growing overall in employment. It is also a fact
that
today
many
prejudices
have
disappeared,
so
that
banks
and
other
financial
institutes make judgments on purely
business considerations without caring if it
is a man or a woman.
Such
changes
are
occurring
in
the
professions
too.
The
number
of
women
doctors,
dentists,
lawyers,
engineers
and
university
professors
increased
two
to
three
fold.
Some
of the changes are immediately visible. For
example, women have appeared on
the
scene
for
the
first
time
as
state
police,
railway
workers
and
street
cleaners.
However, the
present situation is far from satisfactory though
some progress
has been made. A
breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is
now demanded.
19.
The
expression
“snake
through
central
Rome”
probably
means
“to
move
________
[A]
quietly through central
Rome.
”
[B]
violently through central
Rome.
”
[C] in a
long winding line through central
Rome.
”
[D] at a
leisurely pace through central
Rome.
”
20. Which
of the following statements is NOT true?
[A] There are more women than men in
Italy.
[B] In Italy, women are chiefly
employed in services.
[C] In Italy,
women are still at a disadvantage in
employment.
[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the
jobs are held by men.
21.
About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for
________.
[A] more job opportunities
[B] a greater variety of jobs
[C] “equal job, equal pay”
[D] both A and B
22. The
best title for this passage would be ________.
[A] The Role of Women is Society
[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in
Employment
[C] Women as Self-employed
Professionals
[D] Women and
the Jobs Market
Text 3
The
old
idea
that
talented
children
“burn
themselves
out”
in
the
early
years,
and,
therefore,
are
subjected
to
failure
and
at
worst,
mental
illness
is
unfounded.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
the
outstanding
thing
that
happens
to
bright
kids
is
that
they
are very likely to grow
into bright adults.
To
find
this
out,
l,
500
gifted
persons
were
followed
up
to
their
thirty-fifth
year with these results:
On
adult
intelligence
tests,
they
scored
as
high
as
they
had
as
children.
They
were, as a group, in good health,
physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their
group were married and seemed content
with their lives.
About 70 per cent had
graduated from college, though only 30 per cent
had
graduated with honors. A few had
even dropped out, but nearly half of these had
returned to graduate. Of the men, 80
per cent were in one of the professions or
in
business
management
or
semiprofessional
jobs.
The
women
who
had
remained
single
had office, business,
or professional occupations.
The
group
had
published
90
books
and
1,500
articles
in
scientific,
scholarly,
and literary magazines and had
collected more than 100 patents.
In
a
material
way
they
did
not
do
badly
either.
Average
income
was
considerably
higher
among
the
gifted
people,
especially
the
men,
than
for
the
country
as
a
whole,
despite
their comparative youth.
In fact, far
from being strange, most of the gifted were
turning their early
promise into
practical reality.
23.
The
old
idea
that
talented
children
“burn
themselves
out”
in
the
early
years
is
________.
[A] true in all senses
[B] refuted by the author
[C] medically proven
[D] a belief of the author
24. The survey of bright
children was made to ________.
[A] find
out what had happened to talented children when
they became adults
[B] prove that
talented children “burn themselves out” in the
early years
[C] discover the
percentage of those mentally ill among the
gifted
[D] prove that
talented children never burn themselves out
25. Intelligence tests showed that
________.
[A] bright children were
unlikely to be mentally healthy
[B]
between
childhood
and
adulthood
there
was
a
considerable
loss
of
intelligence
[C] talented children were most likely
to become gifted adults
[D]
when talented children grew into adults, they made
low scores
Section III Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the
following passage there are four choices labeled
[A],
[B],
[C],
and
[D].
Choose
the
best
one
and
put
your
choice
in
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
Read the whole passage before making
your choice. (10 points)
No
one
knows
for
sure
what
the
world
would
be
like
in
the
year
2001.
Many
books
have
been
written
大
26
家
the
future.
But
the
19th-century
French
novelist
Jules
Verne may be called a
futurologist in the fullest
大
27
家
of the word. In his
fantastic novels “A
Trip to the Moon” and
“80
Days Around the World,” he
described
with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.
These novels still
have a great
attraction
大
28
家
young readers of today because of their bold
imagination and scientific accuracy.
Below is a description of what our life
will be in the year 2001 as predicted
by a
大
29
家
writer.
In
2001,
in
the
home,
cookers
will
be
set
so
that
you
can
cook
a
complete
meal
at the touch of a switch.
Television will provide information on
prices at the
大
30
家
shops as well
as
news
and
entertainment.
Videophones
will
bring
pictures
as
well
as
大
31
家
to
telephone conversations.
Machines
will
control
temperature,
lighting,
entertainment,
security
alarms,
laundry and
gardening.
Lighting will provide
decoration as well as wallpaper.
At
work,
robots
will
take
大
32
家
most
jobs
in
the
manufacturing
industries.
Working hours will fall to under 30
hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six
weeks
will
be
the
normal
annual
holiday.
Men
and
women
will
retire
at
the
same
age.
Our
leisure
will
be
different
too.
The
home
will
become
the
center
of
entertainment through television and
electronic games. More people will eat out
in restaurants
大
33
家
they do today; also they will have a much wider
variety
of
food
available.
There
will
be
a
change
of
taste
towards
a
more
savoury-flavored
menu. New
synthetic foods will form a
大
34
家
part of people’s diets.
Foreign travel will
大
35
家
;
winter holidays will become more popular than
summer ones.
Also
non-stop
flights
from
Britain
to
Australia
and
New
Zealand
will
be
easily
available
and
much
cheaper.
Education
will
become
increasingly
more
important
than
ever before.
26. [A] in
[B] of
[C] about
[D] for
27. [A] sense
[B] meaning
[C] detail
[D]
implication
28. [A] for
[B]
of
[C] on
[D]
towards
29. [A] today
[B]
nowadays
[C] present-day
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