(完整版)外研版选修七第六模块课文及翻译MicrosoftWord文档

Module

6

The World’s Cultural Heritage

Part 1

The Amazing Caves of Zhoukoudian

Zhoukoudian

is

a

small

village

about

50

kilometres

south-west

of

Beijing.

In

the

1920s,

archaeologists

discovered

some

prehistoric

human

bones

there

which

changed China’s

kn

owledge

of

its history. They

came

from

an

unknown

species

of

man and were the first evidence of primitive human life in China thousands of years

ago. The remains were … three teeth!

In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered. Eventually, archaeologists found

almost

200

items,

including

six

skulls

and

more

than

150

teeth.

These

discoveries

proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and

200,000 years ago.

Four

sites

where

Beijing

Man

and

his

relations

lived

were

discovered

on

the

northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone caves

in the area.

However,

the

life

span

of

Beijing

Man

was

short.

About

70%

of

the

people

probably died before the age of 14. fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so,

they were quite sophisticated. Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed

they used fire for cooling food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild

beasts. This is the earliest evidence of the use fire anywhere in the world. They also

made

tools

of

bones

and

sharpened

stones.

Unfortunately,

when

Japan

invaded

China in 1937, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils

disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the

people’s

Republic

of

China

was

established

in

1949,

the

work

started

again

and

Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction.

Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has not

only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has

provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.

惊人的周口店山顶洞

周口店是位于北 京西南约

50

公里的一个小村庄。

20

世纪

20

年代考古学家在那里发现

了史前人类的遗骨，这一发现改变了中国人对自身历史的认识。那是一种未知人种的的遗

骨，是许多年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。遗留物是

…

三颗牙齿！

1929

年，一个完整的头盖骨也被发掘出来。最终，

考古学家逐渐发现了约两百件遗物，

包括六个头盖骨和

150

多颗牙齿。这些发现 证明：在大约

20

万到

70

在该地区。人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其近亲 居住过的四处遗址。他们生活在该

地区的石灰岩洞中。

然而，北京人的寿命很短，约

70%

的北京人 可能都活不到

14

岁。活到

50

岁的人不到

5%

。尽管如此，北京人进化程度 已经很高。跟化石一起发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、

照明、取暖和抵御野兽。这是世 界上使用火种的最早证据。他们还使用骨头和尖石做成工

具。不幸的是，

1937

年日军侵华时，北京人遗址的挖掘工作被迫中断，大多数化石不翼而< /p>

飞，其中包括一个北京人头盖骨，他们至今下落不明。

1949< /p>

年中华人民共和国成立之后，

挖掘工作重新开始，周口店成了重要 的旅游景区。

1987

年

月，

周口店被列入 世界文化遗产。它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社

会的重要信息，而且为我们提供了人类进 化历程惊人的证据。

Part 2

Beijing Man Heritage Site in Danger

1

The Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage sites

in China. Since the discovery was made in the 1920s, Zhoukoudian has become an

important

place

for

archaeologists

from

all

over

the

world.

At

the

site

in

the

south-west suburb of Beijing, there is, for example, the earliest evidence of the use of

fire by humans. It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between

500,000 and 10,000 years ago.

Today, however, Zhoukoudian is in serous danger. Parts of the cave have been

badly

affected

by

rain

and

exposure

to

the

air.

Some

areas

are

almost

completely

covered

in weeds,

causing serious

damage. Pollution from

nearby

cement

factories

has also contributed to the problem.

The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and

five

million

yuan

to

repair

it.

At

the

moment,

visitors

are

not

allowed

to

visit

the

caves.

Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List, organized by UNESCO,

the

United

Nations

Educational,

Scientific

and

Cultural

Organization.

The

list

is

constantly

checked.

Any

site

which

is

seriously

damaged

or

which

is

not

properly

protected

is

an

endangered

heritage,

and

UNESCO

is

very

quick

to

do

something

about

situations

like

this.

They

have

recommended

that

the

site

be

closed

and

repaired. If nothing is done to repair it, it could be removed from the list.

This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to

raise

public

awareness

about

it.

They

have

suggested

that

the

general

public

be

encouraged to help with the problem. A professor at the Academy has proposed that

a fund be established to raise money.

Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said, “We have requested tha

t the government

get

involved,

but

we

also

need

assistance

from

ordinary

people.

They

can

help

by

contribution

to

the

cost

of

repairing

the

caves.

They

are

a

precious

part

of

our

cultural heritage

–

it is of vital importance that we do something. If not, it will be a

catastrophe. ”

面临危险的北京人遗址

周口店北京人 遗址是中国最重要的世界遗产之一。自

20

世纪

20

年代被发现以来，周

口店对于全世界考古学家来说 已经成了一个重要的地方。比如，在北京西南郊区的遗址处，

有人类使用火种的最早证据 。它还证明了

1

万到

50

万年前，那里一直有人类生存。然而，

今日的周口店却面临着巨大的危险。部 分山洞因受到雨水的侵蚀和空气接触，损坏严重。

一些地方杂草丛生，破败不堪。附近水 泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。

维护遗址需要高额的费用， 修复费用在三百万到五百万之间。目前，已经禁止游客参

观这些山洞。

< br>

周口店已被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化遗产名录》

。名单上的各处遗产需经常接

受检查。任何破坏严重或保护不利的遗产都是濒危遗产， 联合国教科文组织会及时采取行

动。该组织提议关闭这些遗址并进行维修。若不进行修复 ，这些遗址就有可能被除名。

形势相当严峻，中国科学院正在 努力唤醒公众的保护意识。他们建议鼓励公众来帮助

解决这一问题。中科院的一位教授提 议设立基金会来筹集资金。

来自中科院的朱明博士说：

“我们已经要求政府参与，

但我们同样需要普通大众

< br>的协助。他们可以通过捐献养护洞穴的费用来帮忙。它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝

贵的部分——

因此我们采取行动就显得尤其重要，否则就会造 成灾难性的后果。

”

2

Reading and writing

At

the

Suzhou

conference in

June

2004, one

of

the

delegates

praised China’s

work on heritage sites, “China has done excellent work in protecting world heritage,

both tangible and intangible.”

Tangible cultural heritage includes museums and monuments

–

things you can

see and touch. But what is intangible cultural heritage? Intangible cultural heritage,

which is also called living cultural heritage, consists of the following features:

1 Oral Heritage

This includes languages, spoken literature, music, dance, games, customs and

knowledge

of

traditional

craftwork.

It

also

includes

the

cultural

places

where

popular and traditional cultural activities take place (for example, sites for story

–

telling and festivals, etc).

2 Living Human Treasures

Living

human

treasures

are

people

who

have

the

knowledge

and

skills

required for the cultural traditions of their society.

3 Endangered Languages

Endangered

languages

are

languages

spoken

by

only

a

few

people

and

languages which are not taught to new inhabitants of the region. For example, there

are nearly 60 languages in Australia which are endangered, or are disappearing.

4 Traditional Music of the world

Musical

traditions

around

the

world

form

part

of

the

intangible

heritage

of

mankind

in

the

same

way

as

monuments

and

natural

sites.

For

example,

Kunqu

opera, was founded before the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) in Kunshan, near Suzhou.

UNESCO added Kunqu to its intangible heritage list in 2001.

Reading and writing

在

2004

年

6

月举行的苏州会议上，有一位代表赞扬中国在保护遗址

方面所做的工作：

“中国在保护世界遗产方面做得非常好，无论是在物质遗产方面还是在非

物质遗产方面。

”

物质文化遗产 包括博物馆和纪念馆——你可以看到和触摸到的东西。但是什么是非物

质文化遗产呢？非 物质文化遗产，也被称作活的文化遗产，有以下几种：

1

口头文化遗产

口头文化遗产包括语言、口头文学、音乐、舞蹈、竞技、习俗和传统手工艺知识，也

包括流行的和传统的文化活动举行的文化场所（比如，讲故事和节日的地点等）

。

2

人类活财富

人类活财富指的是拥有他们的社会文化传统所需要的知识和技能的人。

< br>

3

濒危语言

濒危语言指的是仅有少数人说的语言，并且这些语言没有教给居住在这一地区的新居

< br>民。例如，澳大利亚有差不多

60

种语言濒危或正在消失 。

4

世界上的传统音乐

与纪念馆和自然遗迹是物质文化遗产的重要组成部分一样，世界上的音乐传统是人类

非物质文化遗产的一个组成部分。比如，昆曲产生于明代（

1368-1644

）之前苏州附近

的昆山。联合国教科文组织在

2001

年把昆曲列入了世界非物质文化遗产的名单。

Reading Practice

Chinese Cultural Heritage Bid for UNESCO

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the Mid-Autumn Festival could be

listed on the directory of world intangible cultural heritage if a bid to UNESCO is

3