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第六章
词义与修辞
Translation of Figures of Speech
课堂互动
1
：考考你，看谁能译出歧义和双关？
（参考译文）
1
．
He went to see
the artist himself.
【译文一】他亲
自去看画家。
（
himself
是
he
的同位语。
）
【译文二】他去看画家本人。
（
him
self
是
the
artist
的同位语。
）
2. He is capable of doing anything.
【译文一】他什么事情都会干。
（指
“能干”
）
【译文二】他是什么事情
都能干出来的。
（指“亡命之徒”
）
3
．
Flying planes
is dangerous.
（动名词）
【译文一】驾驶飞机是危险的。
Flying planes are
dangerous.
（分词）
【译文二】正在飞行的飞机是危险的。
4
．
Bruce was
writing a poem on an ancient tomb stone.
【译文一】布鲁斯正在一块古代的墓碑上写诗。
【译文二】布鲁斯正在写一首关于古代墓碑的诗。
（
on
作
“关于”讲）
5
．
I decided on
the boat.
【译文一】我选定了这只船。
【译文二】我在船上做出了决定。
6
．
She
didn
’
t do that to please her
mother.
【译文一】为使她母亲高兴，她没有做那事。
(=She didn
’
t do
that in order to please her mother.)
【译文二】她做那事并不是为了使她母亲高兴。
(=She did that not to please her
mother.)
7
．
I
didn
’
t go because I was
afraid.
【译文一】我没去，因为我怕。
（没去）
【译文二】我不是因为怕才去的。
（去了
）
8
．
I
didn
’
t write the letter
because of what you told me.
【译文一】由于你跟我
讲了，所以我没有写那封信。
（没写）
【译文二】并不是因为你跟我说了，我才写那封信。
（写了）
can fish.
【译文一】他们会钓鱼。
【译文二】他们把鱼装进罐头。
10
．
They are
visiting friends.
【译文一】他们是来访的朋友。
【译文二】他们在访问朋友。
课堂互动
2
：考考你，看谁能译出矛盾修辞格？
（参考译文）
1
．
loving hate
【译文】爱恨之情
2
．
careful
carelessness
【译文】小心翼翼而又漫不经心
1
3
．
painful
pleasure
【译文】悲喜交加
4
．
Bad Good News
(Time)
【译文】不好的好消息
5
．
I like a
smuggler. He is the only honest thief. (Lamb)
【译文】我喜欢走私者，他是惟一诚实的小偷。
6
．
I like sweet-
sour apricots.
【译文】我爱吃甜中带酸的杏子。
7
．
They had a
love-hate relationship.
【译文】他们保持着一种爱恨关系。
8
．
It is a mater
of life and death.
【译文】这是个生死攸关的大问题。
课堂互动
3
：
运用夸张手法翻译句子（参考译文）
1
．
He sat
perfectly quietly, and never spoke a syllable.
【译文】他静静地坐着，一言不发。
2
．
Yes,
young
men,
Italy
owes
to
you
an
undertaking
which
has
merited
the
applause
of
the
universe.
【译文
】是的，年轻人，意大利由于有了你们，才得以成就这撼世的伟业。
3
．
I would rather
be a poor man in a garret with plenty of good
books to read than a king who did
not
love reading.
【译文】我宁愿当个穷人，住在阁楼里，有许多好书可读
，也不愿当个不爱读书的帝王。
4
．
My first look
was for the Schooner. She had disappeared, and I
supposed she was just settling
under
water. It rained as if the flood of Heaven were
opened, and it lightened awfully. I could hear
many men around me, and, occasionally,
I saw the heads of men struggling in the lake.
（
College
Core
English,
）
【译文】我首先要找的是那条纵帆
船。她已经不见了，估计她正在水中下沉。雨倾盆而下，
犹如天上的水闸打开了，
电光霍霍，
令人畏惧。我可以听到自己周围有很多人，偶尔还看见
湖面上挣扎的人头。
5
．
Mrs. Clark is
dying, she lies motionless: the head seems
unusually large on a skeleton body; the
skin is dark yellow and hangs loosely
around exaggerated bones that not even a blanket
can hide;
the right arm lies straight
out at the side, taped cruelly to a board to
secure a needle so that fluid
may drip
in; the left arm is across the sunken chest, which
rises and falls with the uneven breaths.
(New Horizon College
English, BIII)
【译文】克拉克夫人已经奄奄一息了。她一动不动地躺
着：骨瘦如柴，头显得格外大；暗黄
色的皮肤松松地裹在那嶙峋的身体上，
就连毛毯也遮掩不住这种消瘦；
她的右臂平伸在床边，
被胶带无情地固定在一块板子上，
以便能固定针头顺利输液；
左臂横放在深陷的胸部，
胸口
随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。
课堂互动
4
：
运用类比手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1
．
There is always
a market for good ideas.
【译文】好想法总是能找到市场的。
2.
Judicious
praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
【译文】明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。
< br>
3
．
All
that
I
had
to
show,
as
a
man
of
letters,
were
these
few
tales
and
essays,
which
had
2
blossomed out like flowers
in the calm summer of my heart and mind.
【译文】
作为一个作家，
我所能奉献的只有这几篇故事和散文，
它们像我心头温和的夏天灿
烂开放着的花朵。
4
．
Intellectual
assimilation takes time. The mind is not to be
enriched as a coal barge is loaded.
Whatever is precious in a cargo is
carefully on board and carefully placed. Whatever
is delicate
and fine must be received
delicately, and its place in the mind thoughtfully
assigned.
(Arlo
Bates)
【译文】
吸收知识要从从容容，
不能像驳船装
煤那样来填塞大脑。
我们应小心地把珍贵的货
物搬上船，并谨慎
地放置好。吸取精华时必须敏感，而且要在头脑中加以周密安排。
课堂互动
5
：
根据逻辑关系翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1
．
He is lying on
his side.
【译文】他侧身躺着。
2
．
A thing of
beauty is a joy forever.
【译文】美丽的东西永远令人快乐。
3
．
A smile would
come into Mr Pickwick
’
s
face, the smile extended into a laugh, the laugh
into a
roar, and the roar became
general.
(Charles Dickens: Pickwick Papers)
【译文】于是匹克威克先生的脸上就会浮现一丝微笑，微笑逐渐变成大笑，大笑变成狂笑，
狂笑勾起一阵哄堂大笑。
4
．
While
human
cloning
might
not
offer
great
benefits
to
humanity
，
no
one
has
yet
made
a
convincing
case that it would do any real harm, either.
【译文】虽然克隆人类可能不会给人类带来很大的好处，但也
没有人能够提供有力的例证，
证明他会带来真正的危害。
5
．
After her six
years
’
stay under
my care, I have the honour and happiness of
presenting Miss
Amelia Sedley to her
parents as a young lady worthy of occupying a
position in well-bred society.
【译文】爱米丽亚·赛德里小姐在我校修业六年，现已结业。
在她返家之际，我以无比欣喜
的心情荣幸地告知赛德里先生与夫人，
令嫒已成为一个有教养的姑娘，
足以在上流社会占据
一席之
地。
课堂互动
6
：运用重复手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1
．
I want to talk
to you about the future, about our future
together.
【译文】我想和你们谈谈未来，谈谈我们共同的未来。
2
．
The signs of
China
’
s influence and
success abound America. (Reagon)
【译文】中国的影响，中国的成就，在美国到处可见
3
．
The law should
meet with your approval because it is simple,
because it is enforceable, and
because
it is just.
【译文】
你应该批准这个法律，
因为它是简单的，
还因为它是可实施的，
更
因为它是正义的。
4
．
It is
gravitation that causes the apple to fall. It is
gravitation that makes things have weight. It is
gravitation that keeps all things in
their proper places.
【译文】
是引力
使苹果落地，
是引力使物体具有重量，
是引力使所有物体保持在
它们适当的
地方。
5
．
To every thing
there is a season, and a time to every purpose
under the heaven: A time to be
born,
and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to
pluck up that which is planted; A time to kill,
and a time to heal; a time to break
down, and a time to build up; A time to weep, and
a time to
laugh;
a
time
to
mourn,
and
a
time
to
dance;
A
time
to
cast
away
stones,
and
a
time
to
gather
3
stones together; a time to
embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; A
time to get, and a time
to lose; a time
to keep, and a time to cast away; A time to rend,
and a time to sew; a time to keep
silence, and a time to speak; A time to
love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a
time of peace.
(Holy Bible,
Ecclesiastes)
【译文】凡事都有定期，天下万物都有定时。生有时，死有时
；栽种有时，拔出所栽种的也
有时；杀戮有时，医治有时。
拆毁
有时，
建造有时；
哭有时，
笑有时；哀
恸有时，
跳舞有时；
抛掷石头有时，堆聚石头有时；怀抱有时，
不怀抱有时；寻找有时，失落有时；保守有时，
舍弃有时；撕裂有时，缝补有时；静默有
时，言语有时；喜爱有时，恨恶有时；争战有时，
和好有时。
(
《新旧约全书》
)
课堂互动
7
：运用平行排列手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1
．
They
’
re rich; they
’
re
famous; they
’
re surrounded
by the world
’
s most
beautiful women. They
are the
world
’
s top fashion
designers and trendsetters.
【译文】他们名利兼收，
身边簇拥着世界上最美丽的女人。他们是世界顶尖级时装设计师，
时尚潮流的引导者。<
/p>
2
．
Bowling is good
for the stone and reins; shooting
for the lungs and breast; gentle
walking for
the stomach; riding for the
head; and the like.
【译文】滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，漫步利
肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
3
．
They say
“
What is your
name?
”
, think I shall name
myself. But I don
’
t give
myself a name.
I have given up
everything. I have no name, no place, no country,
no anything. I am just myself.
(Leo Tolstoy:
Resurrection)
【译文】他们说：
“你叫什么名
字？”以为我会说出自己的名字。但是我没有给自己取一个
名字。我已经放弃了一切；我
没有名字，没有住所，没有国家，没有任何东西，我就是我自
己。
4
．
In order to
learn to be one
’
s true self,
it is necessary to know much of what has been said
and
done in the world, critically to
look into it, carefully to consider it, clearly to
analyze it and eagerly
to carry it out.
【译文】
要想成为真正的自我，
就有必
要了解自己说了多少，
做得又如何，
审慎地研究一番，
仔细地考虑一番，认真地分析一番，热诚地实践一番。
5
．
For no country
have the charms of Nature been more perfectly
lavished. Her mighty lakes, like
oceans
of liquid silver, her mountains, with their bright
aerial tints, her valleys, teeming with wild
fertility, her tremendous cataracts
thundering in their solitudes, her broad deep
rivers, rolling in
solemn silence to
the ocean, her trackless forests, where vegetation
puts forth all its magnificence,
her
skies, kindling with the magic of summer clouds
and glorious sunshine.
【译文】因为仅以大自然的妩媚而论
，诚可谓得天独厚，世罕其俦。她那银波荡漾，浩渺若
海的湖面；
那晴光闪耀，
擎天立地的巍峨群山；那富饶盈衍的峡岸溪谷；那轰鸣于沉寂之中
的巨大飞瀑急湍；那肃穆静谧，奔涌入海的深广江流；那郁郁葱葱，随风起伏的无垠平原；
那万木峥嵘，无径可循的茂密森林；那夏云丽日、无穷变幻的灿烂天空。
课堂互动
8
：
运用拟人手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1.
I
have
ever
been
the
sport
and
toy
of
debasing circumstances.
Ignominy,
Want, Despair,
and
Madness, have
collectively or separately, been the attendants of
my career.
【译文】我一向遭受险恶环境戏弄。羞辱、贫困、绝望和疯狂，
已经集体地或者单独地成为
我的生涯中的侍从。
2
．
In London we
get the heat of the sun, but not his light, and
the separation of individual parts
4
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