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翻译第
6
讲
Conversion
Translation
is
a
process concerning two
languages.
Since there
are
differences
in
the structures,
grammar,
and
expressions
between
the
two
languages,
sometimes
conversion
is
necessary.
This
part is mainly about the conversion of
word classes,(
词类转换
)
conversion of sentence
members
（转换句子成分）
, and
conversion of
perspectives.(
转换视角
)
Conversion of English Nouns
英语名词的转译
Nouns or
nominal
（
名词性的）
forms, especially action nouns and
other abstract nouns, find their
wider
use in English while verbs or multi-verbal forms
are much preferred in Chinese. This is one
of the important differences between
the two languages. In translation, therefore, the
conversion of
English
nouns
into
Chinese
verbs,
and
subsequently
English
adjectives
into
Chinese
adverbs,
becomes
one
of
the
techniques
frequently
employed
for
smooth
representation
in
idiomatic
Chinese.
English nouns can be converted into
Chinese verbs in the following cases.
1.
由动词派生的名词
2.
具有动作意义的名词
3.
以
-er
结尾表示身份或职业的名词
English Nouns
→
Chinese verbs
He admires the President’s stated
decision
to fight
for the job.
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决
心奋斗表示钦佩。
（
P62
）
My
admiration
for him grew
more.
我对他越来越钦佩。
Indo-China is a
drain
on French resources.
印度支那战争不断消耗法国的资源。
The international food shortage had
a direct impact on
Kuwait
and other barren desert countries.
全球性粮食短缺现象直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。
It is
mighty
to
make him work
on
Saturdays,
when all the boys
are
having
holiday, but he hates
work more than
anyt
hing else, and I’ve got to do some
of duty by him, or I’ll be ruination of the
child.
星期六其他孩子都在过假日，
< br>你让他干活有点有点难为他。
可是他压根儿恨透了干活儿，
比
什么都恨，我非得尽些责任不可，不然，我会毁了孩子。
More examples:
1.
One after
another, speakers called for the
downfall of imperialism,
abolition of the system of
exploitation of man-by-man, liberation
of the oppressed of the world.
发言人
一个接一个表示要
打倒
帝国主义，
要<
/p>
消灭
人剥削人的制度，
要
解放
全世界被压迫
的人民。
2.
His acceptance of bribes led to his
arrest.
他因
受贿
而被捕
.
3. Exhaust gases from
boilers, vehicles, etc., cause air pollution in
cities.
锅炉和
车辆等
排出
废气，
污染
了城市的空气。
4. Insulin is used in the treatment of
diabetes, which is marked by a rise in blood sugar
as a result
of a short supply of
insulin in the body.
胰岛素用于<
/p>
治疗
糖尿病，
这种病的特征是由于体内胰岛素
分泌不足
而引起血糖上升。
5.
Aggression
took
many
forms,
the
unilateral
denunciation
of
treaties
and
international
commitments,
interference in the internal affairs of other
states, the use of
threats against
weaker
neighbors, the imposition of
unequal relationships, outright
armed
attack against the territories of
other
states
and their
dismemberment,
the
subjugation
of colonial
peoples
and
the
denial
of
the
right of self-determination and
fundamental human rights.
侵
略有多种形式：
单方面
废除
条约与国际
义务，
干涉
他国内政，
威胁
较弱邻国，
强迫
实行不
平
等条约，
露骨地
武装进攻
他国领土和<
/p>
肢解
别国，
征服
殖民地民族，
否认
自决权和基本人权。
6 It is agreed that in case
of
non-performance or defective
performance of any obligation under
this Contract and its Annexes by either
party, any direct damage or loss resulting from
such lack of
performance will be
compensated, as stipulated herein, by the party or
parties responsible.
双方同意，
如果
任何一方
不履行
或
错误履行
本合同和附件规定的任何义务，
由此产生的任何
直
接损失将由有责任的一方或双方赔偿。
7 The great interest
in
exceptional children shown in public education
over the
past three decades
indicates
the
strong
feeling
in
our
society
that
all
citizens,
whatever
their
special
conditions,
deserve the opportunity to fully
develop their capabilities.
在过去的
30
年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的
巨大关注
表明了我们社会中的一种中
强烈的情绪
，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
English nouns
→
Chinese
Adjectives
Nouns derived
from adjectives and nouns without articles as
predicative are often converted into
adjectives.
Examples:
1. The APEC meeting in Shanghai was a
great success.
在上海召开的亚太经合组织会议
非常成功
。
2. Oh, she is all
gentleness, kindness,
goodness
！
她真是最
温柔
，最
体贴
，最
善良
的了！
3. His words and deeds testify his
honesty
.
他的言行证明他是
诚实的
。
4 I recognized the
absurdity of dealing with them through
intermediaries.
我认识到，
通过中间人与他们打交道是
愚蠢的
。
5 He was still more surprised at
the singularity of
the stranger’s
appearance.
他看到那个陌生人的外表
非常古怪
，感到更加惊讶。
6 I am a perfect stranger to nanometer
technology.
我对纳米技术
一窍不通
。
7 Independent
thinking is an absolute
necessity
in study.
独立思考在学习中是绝对
必要的
。
English nouns
→
Chinese Adverbs
Examples:
1
）
I have the
honor to inform you that your application has been
accepted.
我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被接受。
2
）
The mayor
earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming
to visit the city poor.
市长礼节性地来访问城市贫民，为此他赢得了他们
.
3
）
He had the
kindness t show me the way
.
他
非常热情地
给我引路。
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