-
I. Decide whether each of the following
statements is True or False.
⒈
L1 development and L2
development seem to involve the same
processes.
⒉
The capacity to
acquire one
’
s first language
is a fundamental human
trait that all
human beings are equally well possessed with.
⒊
All normal children have
equal ability to acquire their first language.
⒋
Children follow a similar
acquisition schedule of predictable stages
along the route of language development
across cultures
，
though there is
an
idiosyncratic variation in the amount of time that
takes individuals to
master different
aspects of the grammar.
can be said to be
predisposed and biologically programmed to
acquire at least one language.
languages are inferior
，
or superior
，
to other languages.
ge acquisition
is primarily the acquisition of the vocabulary and
the meaning of language.
beings are
genetically predetermined to acquire
language
；
this
genetic predisposition is a sufficient
condition for language development.
en who grow up
in culture where caretaker speech is absent
acquire their native language more
slowly than children who are exposed to
caretaker speech.
mother tongue
acquisition
，
normal children are not necessarily
equally successful.
the vast
majority of children
，
language development occurs
spontaneously and requires little
conscious instruction on the part of adults.
available evidence to date indicates that an
explicit teaching of
correct forms to
young children plays a minor role at best.
tion and reinforcement are not key
factors in child language
development
as they were claimed to be.
ion plays at
best a very minor role in the
child
’
s mastery of
language.
ations of children in
different language areas of the world reveal
that the developmental stages are
similar
，
possibly
universal
，
whatever
the nature of the
input.
16.A child
’
s
babbling seems to depend on the presence of
acoustic
，
auditory input.
general
，
the two-
word stage begins roughly in the second half of
the child
’
s first
year.
en
’
s two-word
expressions are absent of syntactic or
morphological markers.
en first
acquire the sounds in all languages of the
world
，
no
matter what language they are exposed
to
，
and in late
stages acquire the
more difficult
sounds.
ge acquisition begins at about the same
time as lateralization
does and is
normally complete
，
as far as the essentials are
concerned
，
by
the time that the process of
lateralization comes to an end.
II.
Fill in each blank below with one word which
begins with the letter
given.
first language a____________ refers to the
development of a first
or native
language.
ing to a n__________ view of language
acquisition
，
humans
are quipped with the
neural prerequisites for language and language
use
，
just as
birds are biologically pre-wired to learn the
songs of their species.
23.A caretaker
speech
，
also
called m______ or b______
，
is the type of
modified
speech typically addressed to young children.
24.B_________ learning theory suggested
that a child
’
s verbal
behavior
was conditioned through
association between a stimulus and the following
response.
en
’
s
one-word utterances are also called h__________
sentences
，
because they can be used to express a
concept or predication
that would be
associated with an entire sentence in adult
speech.
early multiword utterances of children
lack inflectional morphemes
and most
minor lexical categories
，
they are often referred to as
t__________ speech.
27.A___________
refers to the gradual and subconscious development
of
ability in the first language by
using it naturally in daily communicative
situations.
C________ Analysis was
founded on the belief that it was
possible
，
by establishing the linguistic
differences between the native and
target language
systems
，
to
predict what problems learners of a particular
second language would face and the
types of errors they would make.
language that
a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA is
known as i_________.
rs
subconsciously use their first language knowledge
in learning
a second language. This is
known as language t___________.
tion in
language learning can be defined in terms of the
learner
’
s overall goal or
orientation. I_________ motivation occurs when the
learner
’
s goal is functional
and i________ motivation occurs when the
learner
’
s
goal is
social.
III. There are four choices
following each statement. Mark the one
that can best complete the
statement
：
32.
In first language
acquisition
，
imitation plays _________.
A. a minor role B. a significant role
C. a basic role
D. no rule
33. Linguists
have found that for the vast majority of
children
，
language
development occurs
_____________.
A. with much
imitation B. with little conscious instruction
C. with much correction
from their parents D. with little linguistic input
34. The development of linguistic
skills involves the acquisition of ____
rules rather than the mere memorization
of words and sentences.
A.
cultural
B. grammatical
C. behaviour
D.
pragmatic
35. ____ has
been found to occur usually in children's
pronunciation or
reporting of the
truthfulness of utterances
，
rather than in the grammaticality
of sentences.
A.
Punishment B. Instruction
C. Reinforcement
D. Imitation
36. According to the
_______
，
the
acquisition of a second language
involves
，
and is dependent
on
，
the
acquisition of the culture of the target
language community.
A. acculturation view B. mentalist view
C. behaviorist view D.
conceptualist view
37.
In general
，
a
good second learner is an adolescent ________.
A. who has a strong and
well-defined motivation to learn
B. who seeks out all chances to
interact with the input
C.
who is willing to identify himself with the
culture of the target language
community
D. all
the above
38. The optimum
age for second language acquisition is
________________.
A. early teenage B. after puberty
C. at puberty D. after the
brain lateralization
39.
The formal instruction in second language
acquisition ___________.
A.
has no effect at all B. has a powerful delayed
effect
C. has very little
effect D. has unsatisfactory effect
40. ________ is believed to be a major
source of incorrect forms resistant
to
further instruction.
A. The
second language learners’ unwillingness to learn
B. The poor classroom
teaching
C. The
fossilization of the learner’s interlanguage
D. The learner
’s
lack of instrumental motivation
41. Which of the following is not
true
？
A.
Interlanguage is a product of communicative
strategies of the learner.
B. Interlanguage is a product of mother
tongue interference.
C.
Interlanguage is a product of overgeneralization
of the target language
rules.
D. Interlanguage is the
representation of learners’ unsystematic L2 rules.
42.
_________
，
except those with mental or physical
impairments
，
are
better or worse first language
acquirers.
A. Some men B.
Almost all men
C. No men D.
Few men
IV.
Explain the following terms.
43.
caretaker
speech
44.
holophrastic
sentences
45.
telegraphic
speech
46.
second language
acquisition
47.
acquisition
48.
learning
49.
transfer
50.
interlanguage
51.
fossilization
52.
instrumental
motivation
53.
integrative
motivation
54.
acculturation
V.
Answer the following questions as comprehensively
as possible.
Give examples for
illustration if necessary.
's the difference between acquisition
and learning
，
according to
Krashen
？
do the learner
factors potentially influence the way in which a
second language is
acquired
？
is the role of input for
SLA
？
do you understand
interlanguage
？
s the contrastive analysis
in detail.
are the major stages that a child has
to follow in first language
development
？
What are the features of the linguistic
forms at each stage
？
61.3What is the
role of correction and reinforcement in first
language
acquisition
？
do we say
language acquisition is primarily the acquisition
of the
grammatical system of
language
？
s the biological basis of
language acquisition.
is the role of imitation
in first language
acquisition
？
Suggested Answers
I. Decide
whether each of the following statements is True
or False.
l. F 2.T 3. T 4.T
5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10. F
11. T 12. T 13.T 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.F
18.T 19.T 20. T
II.
Fill in each blank below with one word which
begins with the letter
given.
21. acquisition 22.
nativist 23. motherese
，
baby talk 24. Behaviorist
25. holophrastic 26. telegraphic 27.
Acquisition 28. Contrastive
29. interlanguage 30. transfer 31.
Instrumental
，
integrative
III. There are
four choices following each statement. Mark the
one that can
best complete the
statement.