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第
17
讲
七选五之逻辑衔接
1
.
试题模式：给出一篇缺少
5
个句子的文章
,
对应有七个选项
,
要求学生根据
文章结构、内容
,
选出正确选项。七选五题型的阅读材料长度为
300
词左右
,
体裁以说明文为主
,
且结构清晰
,
过程完整。
2
.
考查重
点：主要考查学生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理
解和掌握。
3
.
选项一般分为三类：主旨句（标题类、主题句类）
、过渡句（反映文章结构）
、
细节理解句（反映上下文逻辑关系）
。
4
.
反映逻辑关系的细节题占
2
—
3
题
,
是出题的重点。
1.
对于七选五题型的考查
,
高中三个年
级在出题类型上分布差异不大。都以细
节题数量最多
,
主旨句与过渡句均匀分布。文章体裁都是以说明文为主。
2.
对七选五阅读材料的选择
,
高一、高二的选择相对简单
,
常见一
些提建议、
列举优缺点等的文章题材；高三难度逐渐增加
,
一些科技方面的文章增加。
3.
高一、高二、高三都要注重培养
学生对文章整体把握的能力以及逻辑推理能
力。
选择合适的句子填入空白处。
Every
day,
when
she
comes
back
home
from
work,
she
sets
about
doing housework,
sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning
the furniture,
and putting everything
in good order. She seems to be busy all the time.
As she has
been
very
busy
working
every
day,
she
looks
older
than
her
age.
But
she
looks
as
cheerful
and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive
dresses for herself, but she
often buys
some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.
A.
She enjoys
listening to classic music.
B.
As a mother,
she takes good care of us and gives us every
comfort.
C.
She
loves her students and cares for them.
D.
She never goes
to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.
E.
My mother is
hard-working and never wastes money.
F.
I never forget
it and always bear it in my mind.
G.
Can you tell
us something about your mother?
逻辑关系概述
英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接
,
让文章逻辑更加清楚和
连贯。逻辑关系是指上下文之间内在的、必然的联
系。表示逻辑关系的标志词、连接
词或插入语等
,
在上下文中具有表示条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、列举、结果、目
的、
承上启下等关系的作用。对于这些词汇的正确理解和掌握是做好细节理解句类题
目的关键
。
【即学即练】
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we
gain from past experiences. 1
Trust
is a risk. But you can’t be
successful when there’s
a lack of trust
in a relationship that
results from an
action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility
to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately,
we’ve
all
been
victims
of
betrayal.
Whether
we’ve
been
stolen
from,
lied
to,
misled,
or
cheated
on,
there
are
different
levels
of
losing
trust.
Sometimes
people
simply
can’t
trust
any
more.
2
It’s
understandable,
but
if
you’re willing to build
trust in a relationship again, we have some steps
you can take
to get you there.
3
4
Having
confidence
in
yourself
will
help
you
make
better
choices
If
you’ve
been
betrayed,
you
are
the
victim
of
your
circumstance.
because you can see what the best
outcome would be for your well-being.
But
there’s a difference
between being a victim and living with a “victim
mentality”.
At some point in all of our
lives, we’ll have our tr
ust tested or
violated.
You
didn’t lose
“everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left?
Instead of looking
at
the
situation
from
this
hopeless
angle,
look
at
everything
you
still
have
and
be
thankful for all of the
good in your life. 5
A.
Learn to really trust yourself.
B.
It is putting
confidence in someone.
C.
Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.
Remember that
you can expect the best in return.
E.
They’ve been
too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it
happen
again.
F.
This knowledge carries over in their
attitude toward their future relationships.
G.
Seeing the
positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re
ignoring what
happened.
Instead,
it’s
a
healthy
way
to
work through the
experience to allow room for positive growth and
forgiveness.
逻辑关系的分类及解题思路
由于英语
的句、段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词表示衔接
和过渡
,
因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都<
/p>
是很重要的线索。常见的关联词及有关联作用的副词或短语可以分为六类：
1.
并列与递进关系
表示并列或递进关系的关联词
,
一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；
而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指
,
但句意对立
,
或褒贬对
立或肯否对立。常见关联词有：
and,
or, also, neither…nor…, either…or…, likewise,
similarly, equally, in the same way,
that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides,
additionally, furthermore, moreover, in
addition to , what is more
等。
【即学即练】
[
北京
]
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for
this has remained foggy. When lab rats
are not allowed to sleep, they die
within a month.
A.
We should also try to sleep well the
night before.
B.
It’s as if the brain is preserving its
most important
memories.
C.
Similarly,
when people go for a few days without sleeping,
they get sick.
D.
T
he processes take place to
stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.
That’s why
students do better in tests if they get a chance
to sleep after
learning.
F.
“Sleep is the
price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi,
who developed the
idea.
G.
Tononi’s team
measured the size of these
connections,
or synapses, in the brains
of
12 mice.
1
2.
因果关系
前后句的逻辑是因果关系。
常见的逻辑表达有：
because,
for,
since,
as,
thus,
hence, therefore, so, so that,
consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a
result,
because of, in that, for this
reason, of course
等。
【即学即练】
One idea
is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
1
We know that,
while awake, fresh memories are
recorded by reinforcing
(
加强
)connections between
brain cells, but the memory processes
that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
A.
We should also
try to sleep well the night before.
B.
It’s as if the
brain is preserving its most important
memories.
C.
Similarly, when people go for a few
days without sleeping, they get sick.
D.
The processes
take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with
memories.
E.
That’s why students do better in tests
if they get a chance to sleep after
learning.
F.
“Sleep is the price we pay for
learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the
idea.
G.
Tononi’s team measured the size of
these
connections, or synapses, in the
brains
of
12 mice.
3.
转折让步关系
表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指
,
但句意对立
,
或褒贬
对立或肯否对立。常见关联词有：
b
ut,
however,
yet,
on
the
contrary,
by
contrast,
on the other hand,
unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather
than, instead of, it is
true that, of
course, although, though, even though, even if,
nevertheless, despite, in
spite of
等。
【即学即练】
Business
is
the
organized
approach
to
providing
customers
with
the
goods
and
services
they
want.
The
word
business
also
refers
to
an
organization
that
provides
these goods and
services. Most business seek to make a profit(
利
润
) - they aim to
achieve
income that is more than the costs
of operating the business.
1
Commonly called nonprofits, these
organizations are primarily
nongovernmental service providers.
A.
Control
includes the use of records and reports to compare
actual work with the set
standards for
work.
B.
In this
connection there is the difference between top
management and operative
management.
C.
Examples of
nonprofit business include such organizations as
social service
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