-
同义词替换词
国内考生常用的表达
更得分的表达方式
名词
1
2
3
4
5
things that one
tries hard
to do
The fact is that
?
joy
sadness
danger
one's undertakings/ one's
commitments
?
The reality is that
happiness/delight/ enjoyment
sorrow/ grief
hazard/ peril (
后面这个词语气很强，
危险程度
非同一般
)
[
派生
]
dangerous
；
hazardous
≈
schooling
（指学校教育，家庭教育则用
upbringing/
parenting
）
[
区分
]
家庭教育的两个
词
upbringing
是从孩子的角度说的，比如
children's
upbringing
；而
parenting
是从家长
的角度来说，比如
sensible
parenting.
如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过
不停轮换使用
advertisement/
advertising
有多
郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类
细化，比如
commercials
（电视或者互联网上
的广告），
flyers
（传单广告，北京最常见的
形式就是“
135****
，办证”），
billboards
（大幅的广告牌）或者
non-
profit
advertisements=public-interest
advertisements
（公益广告）
Automobile
6
education
7
advertisement/ advertising
8
9
car
economic crisis
10
11
famous people
human beings
（备考生使
用过多）
wealth
12
13
14
[
相关
]
rich
skill
economic
meltdown
（很接近）
/recession
（这
个一般仅仅还是衰退）
/the Great
Depression
（这个则是特指
1929
年开始的那次了）
celebrities
（单数为
celebrity
）
humani
ty
（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数
指人文学科）
/the human
race
fortune(s)
（
fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复
数）
wealthy/
affluent (adj.)
≈
注意这个词的正确解释是技能
technique(
或者方法，而不是
technology
科技
)
adept/ adroit (adj.)
15
[
派生
]
skilled
16
method
field
understanding of
choice
cooperation
basic structure
in a city or
a
country
tiredness for a long
time
is a must of
the
Internet
honesty
strong
belief
aim
worries
influence
17
18
19
20
21
methodology
(
国外学术写作中超级常用的
词，基本就是
method
的故作高深版）
sphere/ domain/
arena
≈
grasp of/
command
of
Option
≈
collaboration
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Infrastructure
Fatigue
is a
prerequisite for
（是
??
的必备先决
条件）
≈
the information
highway(
一篇考生作文里
Internet
被使用十几次是常事儿
)
≈
integrity
faith
(in)
Intention
anxieties
(
是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）
impact/ repercussion/
implication
30
influence on each other
mutual
influence
（类似的表达还有
mutual
respect, mutual
trust
和
mutual understanding/
interaction between A and B/ interplay
between A and B
a variety of
a
?
wide/ array of
?
/ideawrange
?
31
32
many different kinds of
wrong ideas held by many
people
fame
range
sense
part
wise
gap
a system
for a particular
purpose
a
solution to sth.
of
?
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Misconceptions
prestige/ sterling
reputation
≈
spectrum
≈
recognition
component
（这个词不仅指零件，在学术写
作中也经常指“部分”）
[
相关
] sensible
(adj.)
Disparity
≈
a mechanism for
,
40
a remedy for sth.
（生活中经常指一种病
的
治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问
题的解决方法，注
意搭配的介词不同）
41
42
bad students
bad behavior
≈
unruly
students/ disruptive students
unethical
behavior/ immoral behavior
43
organizations that help
poor people
difference
[
派生
] be different from
person
personality
businesses
prices that are
too high
the rate of
?
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
charities/ charitable
organizations
Distinction
be distinct from (adj.)
Individual
≈
disposition
enterprises
（这里指企业）
exorbitant
prices
51
52
intense enthusiasm
cultural
globalization
（有
过多人使用这个词）
a thing
that is necessary
a thing
that is new and
interesting
a
thing that is rare
things
that people are not
sure
about
a world language
friends
relaxation
self-respect
respect sb./
sth.
[
反义
] look
down on
?
self-control
criminal
prisoner
drinks
people who walk on the
street
old
generations in history
a
person who benefits
from
sth.
a disease that
spreads
quickly
a very unpleasant way of
life
a task that
requires lots of
effort
emotion
enemy
the incidence of
（?后面一般跟坏事儿，
比
如
unemployment/
crime/ a disease
）
zeal/
passion
global cultural
homogenization
a necessity
53
54
a
novelty
a rarity
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Uncertainties
a
universal
language
Companions
≈
recreation
≈
self-esteem
and
dignity
hold
sb./ sth. in high regard
treat
?
with
contempt despise=(v.)
self-
discipline
Convict
Inmate
≈
alcoholic
beverages
68
69
Pedestrians
Ancestors
a beneficiary
of sth.
an
epidemic
（注意这个词虽然是
-ic
结尾，却
不是形容词）
70
71
Misery adj-> miserable
72
73
74
an arduous task
≈
sentiment
≈
opponent/
foe
75
narrow minds
76
a way to do
sth.
77
hobby
78
progress
insular minds
（狭隘的头脑或者观念）
an
approach to doing sth./an avenue
towards
sth.
≈
pastime /
diversion
progression
（经常指抽象的进步，比如写关
于
society/ career/
technology
的话题）
se
tback
（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）
significance
（当你用了一次
importance
之后，
第二次不妨用这个）
obligat
ion
（用于比较重要的责任）
hindrance/ impediment/
hurdles
79
failure
80
importance
81
duty
82
difficulty
pressure from your
83
classmates
84
citizens who
can work
peer
pressure
labor force/
workforce
（都是总体概念，而且
注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）
problems or diseases
that
85
exist for a long time
a life without regular
86
exercise
87
result
persistent problems/chronic
diseases
a
sedentary lifestyle
conseque
nce
（表示消极的结果更多一些）
≈
considerations
ignorance
（注意在地道英文里，
这个词经常
并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）
adverse effect
88
thoughts
89
the lack of
knowledge
90
harm (n.)
91
harm
(vt.)
92
[
派生
] harmful
93
[
派生
] be harmful
to
94
bad luck
95
trouble
96
crime
damage
destroy/ ruin
（这两个词比
damage
程度更重）
spoil
（后面跟
the cityscape/
scenery/
environment
）
undermine
（后面跟抽象概念，
比如
stability/ social order/
harmony
）
jeopardize
（后面跟抽象概念，比如
one's
future/ one's
career
）
tarnish
（后面跟
one's
reputation/
image
）
sap/
dampen
（后面跟
one's
enthusiasm/ interest/
confidence
）
detrimental (adj.)
≈
pose a threat
to
Misfortune
adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/
hardship
offense/ criminal
act
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
≈
juvenile
delinquency
youth
crime
offender/
≈
culprit/
≈
perpetrator
criminal
serious
crime
heinous crime/
felony
a minor
crime
a
misdemeanor
shortage
(of)
scarcity (of)/ dearth
(of)
the only one
an exception
places where animals live
Habitat
形容词
≈
disturbing
prevalent/ ubiquitous
genuine (truly a genuinely)
profound
（深刻的，后面经常跟
wisdom/
truths/
understanding/
impact/ thoughts
）
powerful/ mighty
≈
vulnerable
industrious
（注意不是
industrial
，而
diligent
那个
词在美语中是个挺大的词）
Lamentable
可悲的
/
pathetic
be beneficial (to)
= be in the best interests (of)
be inferior to
be
superior to
mundane
（注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并
不是“世俗的”意思
/humdrum
（注意要跟可数名词）
104
worrying
105
very
popular
106
TRUE
107
deep
108
strong
109
weak
110
hard-
working
111
very
disappointing
112
be good (for)
113
be not as good as
114
be better
than
115
uninteresting
116
many
117
complicated
118
strange
numerous
Intricate
odd/
bizarre/ eccentric
（单
weird
有点过于口语化
了）
be
irreversible
Productive
≈
realistic
sophisticated
（这个词指人的时候意思是思维成
熟老练的）
self-
centered/ materialistic/ego-centric
Conceited
Fitting
Optimal
isolated/
alienated
Solitary
119
cannot be
turned back
120
produce useful results
121
practical
122
mature
123
124
125
126
127
selfish
proud
（贬义）
suitable
most
suitable
lonely
128
alone
be easily influenced by
129
sth.
130
is better
than
131
not as good as
?
be susceptible to sth.
（一般是坏事情，比如
a
disease/ attacks
）
is superior to
is
inferior to
132
be the
same
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
interesting
boring
useless
smart
famous
positive
happy
enjoyable
can be
used
hard to
understand
(laws/ rules/
people)
143
not strict
144
healthy
be
identical/ be homogenous/ be
uniform
（后面两
个词比较正式，一般是说
cultural
globalization
的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫
school uniforms
了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样
的衣服）
≈
stimulating
≈
monotonous/ repetitive
Redundant
Intelligent
Renowned
≈
desirable/
encouraging
Delighted
Delightful
be
available
bewildering/
baffling/ confusing
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
good for the
envrionment
nervous/ anxious
doubt sth.
fair
unfair
huge
small
Lenient
wholesome
（注意说人的健康还是要用
healthy
，
但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用
wholesome
）
eco-friendly
（比如
Biking is far more eco-friendly
than driving their
SUVs.
）
≈
apprehensive
be skeptical about sth.
≈
justified
≈
unwarranted/
unjustifiable
enormous/
massive/ vast/ colossal
tiny/ miniscule
（后面一般跟抽象名词）
be
versatile/ be well-rounded
be well-acquainted with
have many
different
152
abilities
153
be familiar
with
154
very successful/
admirable
proper
typical
exact
ugly
155
156
157
158
Distinguished
Appropriate
quintessential
（这个语气非常强）
precise/
≈
accurate
Unsightly
159
poor-
quality
160
the present
?
161
162
163
164
outdated
highly-
respected
complete(adj.)/
whole
spend a lot of
money
substandard(housing/
accommodation/ work/
goods/
machines)
the current
?
/ the
existing
（比如?
the
current
financial crisis/
the existing environmental
problems)
antiquated/obsolete
Esteemed
Entire
lead an
extravagant/ a lavish life
enlightened/ progressive
（开明的，逐步的，经
常用来形容
govern-ment
或者
society
）
（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如
time-honored
tradition/ practice/ methods/
heritage
）
Perpetual
significant essential vital(
这三个词的重要
性依次递增
)
very appealing/ fascinating/
captivating
Cautious
be
absorbed in/ be engrossed in
be eligible for
Frustrating
Erroneous
165
open
166
sth. must be
carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is
mandatory
167
with long history
168
continuing
forever
169
important
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
very attractive
very careful
be
very interested in
be
qualified for
disappointing
wrong
long and a
bit
annoying
very difficult
being spread in
uncontrolled way
cruel
Lengthy
daunting/
formidable
rampant
（后面经常跟负面现象，比如
crime,
pollution
或者
discrimination
）
≈
inhumane/
merciless
overweight/
obese
（后面这个已经胖出病了）
skewed/
biased
（这两个词一般在
IELTS
媒体类
话题使用，表示
“有偏见的”）
comprehensive
（综合的，全面的）
180
fat
181
having wrong
opinions
182
including
many things
183
enough
184
too much
185
very
little
adequate/ sufficient/
ample/ abundant
（注意这四个
词的语气是逐渐递增的
)
Excessive
minimal
（注意不是
minimum
）
186
cause bad effects
counterproductive
（其实地道英文写作里
这个词
不见得和生产有关，
只要阻止人们达到目的，
都
可以写它
counterproductive)
187
strict
188
urgent
189
quiet
stringent
（后面一般跟
laws, measures
或者
rules
）
pressing (problems)
tranquil and
serene
（美语中这两个词经常可以连
在一起用）
动词
190
make sth.
strong
191
make
sth. weak
192
make sth. better
193
make sth.
worse
control
?
(a
negative
194
strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/
consolidate sth.
weaken/ erode
（侵蚀）
enhance/
better
（很少看到国内考生用
better
当
动词，其实在学术写作中
better sth
是
.
挺常见的<
/p>
表达
）
aggravate/ exacerbate
sth.
trend)
195
stop
196
manage sth.
197
appear
198
die out
199
fail to see
200
set
?
free
201
begin
narrow/ bridge the gap
202
between A and
B(
注意
这里
bridge
作动词）
203
be forced to
do sth.
keep complaining
204
curb
?
(crime/ pollution/
economic recessions)
Cease
≈
regulate sth./oversee sth.
emerge/
arise
（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，
比
如
debate
）
go
extinct neglect/
overlook
release (prisoners/ stress)
commence/ initiate
(
后者跟抽象概念更多，比
如
initiate the conflict)
[
反义
] widen the
gap between A and
B be compelled to do
sth.
about
sth.
grumble about
sth.
205
try hard to do sth.
206
do sth.
207
do not do
sth.
208
carry
out
209
turn
?
into
?
≈
pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/
business interests/ maximum profit/
hegemony)
≈
perform/ conduct
（注意这里的
perform
不
是“表演”而是“从事”）
refrain from doing sth.
Implement
convert
?
to/ into
?