-
英语辅修、双学位专业
2009
级《英译汉》课
程讲义
2009-7-6
I.
Translation and
Translation Studies
II. Factors
Involved in Translation
III.
Translation Criteria
IV.
T
ranslation Process
V.
Translation Practice
5.1 Sentence
Translation
1. He wanted to run, but
that would be the worst thing he could do.
2. Linda is a good singer and a good
dancer, a great actress and a great joker.
3. The little chap’s
good
-natured honest face won his way
for him.
4. Somehow our path
took us toward the park.
5.
How’s the world treating you?
6. Great was the excitement as
procession after procession poured its eager
masses into the town.
7. He
was convinced
on the basis
of what had by then appeared that there
would
be a
long and a
difficult struggle.
8. John
can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the
game.
5.2 Text Translation
You might think that borrowing a match
upon the
street is a simple thing. But
any man who has ever
tired it will
assure you that it is not, and will be prepared to
swear on oath to the truth of my experience of
the other evening.
I was
standing on the corner of the street with a cigar
that I wanted to light. I had no match. I waited
till
a decent, ordinary man came along.
Then I said:
“Excuse me,
sir, but could you oblige me with the loan of a
match?”
“A match?” he said,
“Why, certainly.” Then he unbuttoned his overcoat
and put his hand in the
pocket
of his waistcoat. “I know I have one,”
he went on, “and, I’d almost swear it’s in the
bottom pocket—
or
, hold
on, though, I guess it may be in the
top
—
just wait till I put
these parc
els down on the
sidewalk.”
“Oh, don’t
trouble,” I said, “its really of no
consequence.”
“Oh, it’s
no trouble. I’ll
have it in
a
minute: I
know there must
be one in here somewhere,”—
he was
digging his fingers into his pockets as
he spoke
—“but you see this isn’t the
waistcoat I generally…”
I
saw
that
the
man
was
getting
excited
about
it.”
Well,
never
mind,”
I
protested.
“
I
f
that
isn’t
the
waistcoat that you
generally
—why, it doesn’t
matter
.”
(to
be continued)
2009-7-6
参考译文
句子翻译：
1.
< br>他真想拔腿就跑，但
对他来说
，最糟糕的事莫过于此。<
/p>
[
应采用“增词译法”
，表达出语气
]
2.
琳达歌唱得好，舞跳得好
/
能歌善舞，又会演戏，人又幽默
/
又会开玩笑。
[
原句的几个名词应转译
为动词
]
3.
小伙
子面相老实，为人随和，到那都吃得开。
[
应转换原句的非人称
主语，引申词义
]
4.
不知不觉，
我们朝着公园走去。
[
应转换原句的非人称主语
]
5.
你觉得怎样？
/
近况如何？
/
最近还可以吧？
[
宜改变说法
]
6.
兴奋的人们一群又一群，一对又一队，涌进城里，简直热
闹非凡。
[
应转换原句的非人称主语，
引申词义
]
7.
依照当时已经发生
的情况，他深信不疑，以后会有一场漫长而艰难的斗争。
[
应捋
清原句的结构
和调整原句的逻辑顺序，适应汉语的习惯
]
8.
他是一个值得信赖的人，为人忠诚，又守规矩。
/
他忠诚得斋日不吃荤，凡事都循规蹈矩。
[
字面<
/p>
上的
eat no fish
源自英国
历史上的新教与旧教之争，
“
不吃鱼”
应引申为
“忠诚”
；
玩游戏
play the game
应引申为“遵守规矩”
]
段落翻译：
你也许以为在马路上跟人
借个火是小事一桩。可真借过火柴的人都会一口咬定并非如此。我前儿
个晚上遇到的事，
他们都会毫不犹豫地替我担保，说是不会有假。
我当时正站在
街口，
想点燃手里拿着的雪茄烟。
我没有火柴。
我终于等来了一位满像样的普通人。
于是我说了：
<
/p>
“
劳驾您，先生，能借根火柴吗？
”
“
火柴？
”
他说，
“
噢，没问题。
”
于是他解开大衣，把手伸进背心的口袋。
“
我知道有根火柴，
”
他
接着
说，
“
肯定是在下边的兜里
——
不过，等一下，也许在上边的兜里
——
等一等
，我先把这几包东西
放下，就搁在道旁。
”
“
啊，别麻烦啦，
”
我说，
“
我真没什么要紧的。
”
“
噢，不麻烦，马上就有了，
我知道这里边保准有一根，
”——
他一边说，一边把手指头伸进
两边
的兜里
——“
可你要知道，这件背
心不是我平常
……”
我看这人越来越
上劲儿了。
“
哦，没关系，
：我劝阻道
：
“
就说这件背心不是你平常
——
嗐，不要
紧。
”
注释：
1.
作者
Stephen Lenc
ock
（
1869
－
< br>1944
）
，是加拿大政治经济学家，但以幽默作家著称
，其作品多属离
奇古怪和讽刺挖苦的故事、小品文等。
2. be prepared to…
本作
< br>“
有作
……
的准备
”
解，此处意即
“
随时
……”
、
“
立即<
/p>
……”
、
“
不假
思索
……”
。
3. could you oblige me with a loan of
match?
等于
would (will ) you be
kind enough to lend me a match?
作
者故意用古板的语言表达问话，已示幽默。
4. I
protested
此处不宜译为
“
我抗议
”
。在文中作
“
我提出异议
”
解，可结合上下文译为
< br>“
我劝阻道
”
。
2009-7-7
Diction
I. Sentence
Translation
1. He incited the soldiers
to fight bravely.
2. He was charged
with inciting people to violence.
3. “What do you do with so many
apples?”
“We
eat what we can and what we can’t we
can.”
4. The music was fine,
but the book was poor.
5. On display
was merchandise attractive in price and quality.
6. When I go around on speaking
engagements, they all expect me to assume a
Quaker-Oats look.
7. He is a valuable
acquisition to the team.
8. “Let’s go
home.” “You said it! I’m tired.”
9.
Whe
n
Joshua
was
two
years
old
he
was
impossible,
a
typical
“Terrible
Two”.
He
was
destructive,
stubborn, and
violent.
10. He was dead and
survived by his wife and two children.
Ⅱ
. Text Translation
“Hold on, now, hold on!” the man said,
“I’ve got one of the cursed things in here
somewhere. I guess it
must be in with
my watch. No, it’s not there either. Wait till I
try my coat. If that
confounded tailor
only knew
enough to make a pocket so
that a man could get at it!”
He was getting pretty well worked up
now. He had thrown down
his walking-
stick and was plunging at
his pockets
with his teeth set. “It’s that cursed young boy of
mine,:” he
hissed, “This
comes of his fooling in
my pockets. By
God! Perhaps I won’t warm him up when I get home.
Say, I’ll bet that it’s in my
hip
-pocket.
You just hold up
the tail of my overcoat a second till
I…”
“No, no,” I protested
again, “please don’t take all
these trouble; it really doesn’t
matter. I’m sure you
needn’t take off
your overcoat, and oh, pray don’t throw away your
letters and things in the snow like that,
and tear out your
pockets by
the roots! Please, please don’t trample over your
overcoat and
put your feet
through the parcels. I do hate to hear
you swearing at your little boy, with that
peculiar whine in your voice.
Don’t—please don’t tear your clothes so
savagely.”
Suddenly the man
gave a grunt of exultation, and drew his hand up
from inside the lining of his coat.
“I’ve got it,” he cried. “Here you
are!” Then he brought it out under the
light.
It was a toothpick.
Yielding to the impulse of the moment I
pushed him under the wheels of a trolley-car and
ran.
2009-7-7
参考译文
句子翻译：
1.
< br>他
激励
士兵勇敢作战。
[inc
ited
的情感色彩词义原本是中性，此处应译为褒义
]
2.
他被控
煽动
暴动。
[incited
的情感色彩词义原本是中性，此处
应译为贬义
]
3.
拿这么多苹果干什么？
我们尽量吃，
吃不完的就
做罐头
。
[
最后一个词
can
的语境意义是动词的“做罐头”
]
4.
音乐很出色，但
歌词
很糟。
[
此处
book
的语境意义是“歌词”
]
5.
陈列的
商品
价廉物美。
[
此处
merchan
dise
的语境意义应引申译为具体的“商品”
]
6.
我应邀外出演讲，他们都指望我摆出
一副毫无表情、一本正经的面孔
。
[
此处
Quaker-Oats
本义是
欧美一种麦片商标，商标上的老头形象毫无表情，应引申翻译
]
7.
他是该队
不可多得的新队员
。
[
此处
acqu
isition
应由抽象词义“获得”引申为具体意义
]
8.
咱们回家吧。好的，咱们回家吧。我累了。
[You said
it = You
’
re right; I agree]
9.
乔舒亚两岁时变得异常调皮，是个
不折不扣的淘气
“
两岁魔王
”
。他脾气很犟，爱动武，还到处搞
破坏。
[<
/p>
此处的
Terrible Two <
/p>
是心理学术语，
用来概括两岁儿童的心理和行为特征，
其中的
two
指
年龄
]
10.
他死了，
撇下
妻子和两个孩子。
[survive
是个多义词，此处意义应为
live or exist
longer than,
又
用在被动语态中，故有此译。应
注意多义词的“同词异译”现象
]
段落翻译：
“
等一下，嗨，等一下！
”
那人说道，
“
这里头有个什么鬼东西来着。我想
是在我表兜里。不对，
还是没有。等等，我来看看上衣。那家该死的裁缝也真不开窍，缝
的兜儿要是够得着里头就好啦！
”
他
现在已是一发不可收拾了。他扔下了手杖，咬紧牙关，全力以赴地掏衣兜。都怪我那个害人精
小崽，
“
他嘴里嗤嗤有声。
”
没事儿老翻我衣兜儿。老天在上，我回家可别逗他玩了。唔，火柴肯定是
在屁股兜儿里。你只消把我的大衣后摆掀一下，等我
……”
“
别，别，
”
我又劝阻他，
“
别这么费心啦，真的没关系。我确实认为你不必
脱大衣。嗐，千万别把
信件什么的都这样扔到雪地里，
别把衣兜
全扯掉了！
求求你了，
别踩着你的大衣，
别踢者那几包东西。
我实在不爱听你骂你的小孩，那么怪里怪气地嘀咕没完。别
——
求你别这么粗手粗脚地把衣服都扯坏
了。
”
突然间，只听得这人嘟哝一声叫的
好欢，他一只手从上衣的衬料底下抽了出来。
“
我有了，
”
他喊道。
“
你瞧！
”
他随即把东西拿了出来。
原来是一根牙签。
我一时性起，真恨不得把他推到电车轮子下，撒腿便跑。
注释：
5. now
在此用来引起对方注意，不作
“
现在
< br>”
解，可译为
“
嗨
”
、
“
好
< br>”
、
“
嗳
”
等。
6. comes of
作
“
由
……<
/p>
引起
”
或
“
是
……
的结果
”<
/p>
解，例：
Now you see what comes of
being careless.
(
现在
你该看到粗心大意的后果了。
)
7. warm…up
本作
“
使
……
活跃（兴奋、激动）起来
”
解，例：
The speaker cracked
a few jokes to warm up
the audience. (<
/p>
演说者讲了几个笑话，使听众活跃起来。
)
现根据上下文译为
“
逗
……
玩
”
。
8.
最后一句表达的使想做而未做的事，实际上事虚拟，等于
“ I
could have pushed him…and
run,”
故译
文用了添加语。
2009-7-8
Conversion
I. Sentence
Translation
1. Let me be your banker.
2. We are enemies of all aggressive
wars.
3.
No
wonder
the
sight
of
it
should
send
the
memories
of
quite
a
number
of
the
older
generation
rushing back to 36 years ago.
4. Thanks to his boy friend’s rescue,
she could return home
safely.
5. She hurried to her boy friend’s
rescue.
6. The road has an
ascent of five degrees.
7. Hydrogen is
found in many compounds.
8.
No complaints passed her lips.
9. A painful hush seized the
crowd.
10. Students get a
discount of 20% on air fares.
II. Text Translation
Time
was in my life when the dawn happened to other
people. I was definitely not a morning person;
I
associated
the
sunrise
with
long
flights
across
many
time
zones
and
groggy
strolls
around
strange
cities
waiting for my hotel room to become
available. Then I had children, and the first
light took on new meaning.
Sometimes it
was the sigh at the end of a fretful night up with
a feverish baby; or the
opposite, the
joyous
cry of an exuberant 3-year-old
eager to get the day going. It was only later,
when mornings were taken over
by the
getting-to-school frenzy, that I discovered the
serenity of the surprisingly fast transition from
night to
day. For the small price of 15
minutes of sleep I could buy 15 minutes of
solitary peace
—
with a cup of
coffee
and the
newspaper.
Given the tidbit of time at my disposal, I
developed the
habit
of
skimming the paper,
which
quickly came down to a surreptitious and almost
superstitious ritual of checking out
obituaries.
（选自《中国翻译》
）
2009-7-8
参考译文
句子翻译
1.
你需要钱，我可以
借给你
。
[
名词
banker
转译为动词
]
2.
我们
反对
一切侵略战争。
[
名词
enemy
转译为动词
]
3.
难怪老一辈得许多人
见了
这个就会想起
36
年前的事。
[
名词短语
the sight of
转译为动词
]
4.
幸亏
男朋友的救助
，她才能安全回家。
[
此句的属格或所有格
+
名词
，即
genitive
or
possessive
+
noun
，具有主动意义
denoting active
sense]
5.
她赶快去
救男朋
友
。
[
此句的属格或所有格
+
名词，即
genitive or
possessive + noun
，具有被动意
义
denoting passive sense]
6.
这条路的
坡度
为五度。
[
此句的宾语
ascent
转译为主语<
/p>
]
7.
许多化合物中都有
氢
。
[
此句的主语
hydrogen
转译为宾语
]
8.
她
从不抱怨。
< br>[
把原句的非人称主语转换为人称主语
]
9.
人群
一下痛苦地沉默了下来。<
/p>
[
把原句的非人称主语转换为人称主语
]
10.
学生买机票可
打八折
。
[
转换视角
]
段落翻译
我生命中有段日子，黎明与我无缘。当然，我并不是一个喜欢起早的人。一想起黎明，就让我想
< br>起穿越许多时区的长途飞行，因为酒店的房间还没有腾出，我只好在陌生的城市中昏昏沉沉、漫无目
地闲逛。后来，我有了孩子，黎明的第一道曙光才有了新的意义。有时候，黎明是我陪伴高烧的
孩子
度过焦躁不安的一夜之后的一声叹息；有时候则恰恰相反，黎明是我那精力旺盛的三
岁孩子急切盼望
开始新的一天的一阵欢叫。
再后来，
黎明变成了送孩子上学前的忙乱，
而正是在这个时刻，
我才发现，
昼夜更替是如此的静谧、转瞬即逝。我如果少睡一刻钟，就能享受
15
分钟独处的安宁，喝一杯咖啡，
看一份报
纸。有了这一丁点可以独自享用的美妙时光，我逐渐养成了快速浏览报纸的习惯，后来很快
演变成查看讣闻的习惯，最后，这一习惯几乎成了一种暗地里进行的、接近荒谬的黎明仪式。
< br>
2009-7-9
Addition
I. Sentence
Translation
1. Water evaporates more
rapidly when the temperature is high than when it
is low.
2. Divorce is increasing in
this country with growing urbanization.
3. Footsteps announced his return.
4.
This
report
summed
up
the
new
achievements
made
in
electron
tubes,
semiconductors
and
components.
5. It was Friday and soon they’d go out
and get drunk.
6. I saw a
Turner on the wall.
7.
I
wish
I could
also
speak
Chinese.
The
language
is
so
expressive
and
so
compact
that
I
could
speak
more
succinctly, but unfortunately I am not cultured
enough.
8. He talked on, I
scribbled away, his telephone buzzed away.
II. Text Translation
At first I attribute this
new
habit to advancing
age
—
I had recently turned
40
—
and glumly concluded
that I was becoming morbid. But why,
then, was I finding my secret rite so uplifting?
Finally after many years
of starting
the day this way, I have figured out that I am
doing it not to obsess about death but to find out
about
life.
Real
life.
Obituaries
capture
the
benchmarks
of
life
span
without
passing
judgment
or
making
order
out
of
the
events.
The
high
points
are
easy
—
Pulitzer
Prize
winners
joke
that
as
soon
as
they
are
named they know what the
headline is going to be on their
obituaries
—
but I read most
attentively for clues
to the defeats
and the flatline periods, the inexplicable changes
of
heart and the twists of flat, the
gambles
and the unexpected
consequences, the loose ends…
The message that comes through over and
over is that although there are times in any life
when things
seem to be proceeding step
by logical step, the whole is mostly random and
askew. Life, as every biography
and
obit I have ever read confirms, is what happens
when you are making other plans.
2009-7-9
参考译文
句子翻译
1.
温度高，水蒸发得快，
温度底，水蒸发得慢
。
[
补充原文省略或被替代的词
]
2.
这个国家的城市越来越多，
离婚
率
也越来越高。
[
增补辅助性名词
supplementary noun
——范畴词
category
，使译文具体、清楚
]
3.
听见
脚步声，知道他回来了。<
/p>
[
增补辅助性动词
supplement
ary verb
——以解释名词的意思
]
4.
这篇报告总结了电子管、
半导体
和组件
三方面的
新成就。
[
增补表示概括性的词
summarizing word]
5.
星期五
发薪日
< br>到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。
[
英国那时每
逢星期五发一次工资
]
6.
我看到墙上又一幅透纳的名画。
[Turner,
Joseph Mallord William,
1775-1851,
英国著名风景画家
]
7.
要是
我也能讲中国话就好了。中
国话这种语言十分简洁，又富有表现力。
要是用中国话讲
，我就
可以讲得更简练。可惜，我的文化素养还不够。
[
补充连接性词语
connectors
，使上下语法
，或
逻辑，或语义紧密联系
]
8.
他
侃侃
而谈，我
匆匆
记录；电话玲声柔和地
嗡嗡
作响
。
[
修辞性增补，使译文更生动、形象
]
段落翻译
起初，我认为我新近养成的习惯是年龄渐长的原故，因为不久前我已经满了
40
岁，因此，忧郁
不安地断定自己的心理一定是开始不正常了。
可是，
为什么我对自己的这一神秘仪式如此兴奋不已呢？
许多年来，我都是这样开始一天的生活，最后，我终于悟出，我进行的这一神秘仪式并不是因为自己<
/p>
摆脱不了死亡的困惑，而是为了寻找生命的意义。真正的生命。讣闻简单地记录了人的一生
，没有任
何评判，也不给人生的经历划分等级。当然，人生的重大事件是一目了然的。比
如，普利策获奖者就
笑谈过，说他们一旦知道自己被提名，就知道了自己讣告上的标题是
什么。不过，我读讣闻关注的则
是不那么引人注目的人生经历：人生中的失意和无奈，心
境难以名状的变化和道路的蜿蜒曲折，孤注
一掷的拼搏，难以预料的结果，还有没有实现
的愿望
……
。
无数的讣闻让我得到这样一个启示：有的时候，人生似乎在按一定的轨迹符合逻辑地步步前行，
但是，很多时候，人生中所发生的事情却是偶然的，偏离常轨的。而我所读过的那些传记和讣闻也更
加让我确信：人生是难以预料的。
2009-7-10
Omission
Ⅰ
.
Sentence Translation
1.
It is with
words as with sunbeams: the more they are
condensed, the deeper they burn.
2.
He led a
dog
’
s life of it.
3.
There is no
royal road to anything.
4.
My father is a vigorous 86.
5.
Many years
ago, flying to the moon was out of the
question.
At present, flying
to the moon is out of question.
6.
You should
keep calm even when you are in danger.
7.
“
Wash your hands before you
have your meals, children.
”
says the teacher.
8.
Wise men love truth, but fools shun
it.
9.
Never get on or off the bus before it
comes to a standstill.
10.
When fortune
knocks, open the door.
11.
Today, however, a fresh new wind of
change blows upon the face of Asia and the world.
Ⅱ
. Text
Translation
The Authority of Science
vs. the Authority of the Church
Bertrand Russell
The period of
history which is commonly called
“
modern
”
has a mental
outlook which
differs from
the medieval period in
many
ways. Of these, two are the most important: the
diminishing authority of
the Church and
the increasing authority of
science
?
The authority
of
science, which is recognized by most
philosophers of the modern epoch, is a very
different thing from the authority of
the Church, since
it is intellectual,
not governmental. No penalties
fall
upon those who reject it; no prudential arguments
influence those who accept it. It prevails solely
by
its intrinsic appeal to reason. It
is, moreover, a piecemeal and partial authority;
it does not, like the body
of Catholic
dogma, lay down a complete system, covering human
morality, human
hopes, and the past
and future history of the
universe. It pronounces only
on whatever, at the time, appears to
have been
scientifically ascertained,
which is a small island in an ocean of nescience.
There is yet another difference
from
ecclesiastical authority, which declares
its pronouncements to be absolutely
certain and eternally
unalterable:
the
pronouncements
of
science
are
made
tentatively,
on
a
basis
of
probability,
and
are
regarded
as
liable
to
modification.
This
produces
a
temper
of
mind
very
different
from
that
of
the
medieval dogmatist.
(Excerpts from
History of Western
Philosophy
)
2009-7-10
参考译文
句子翻译
1.
文字像日光一样：愈精练，愈有
力。
[
省略先行词
it]
2.
他过着牛马不如的生活。
[
省略习语中含有的
it]
3.
任何事情都无
坦途。
[
省略惯用语中的补足词
exp
letive
“
there
”
]
4.
我父亲今
年
86
岁，仍很健旺。
[
省略联系动词
is
和英语冠词
a]
5.
许多年前，飞往月球是不可能的。
现
在，飞往月球是毫无问题的。
[
在英语的一些相似表达中，冠词
用与不用，意义迥异
]
6.
危险时也要保持冷静。
[
省略用作主语的代词
you]
7.
“孩子们，饭前洗手。
”老师说。
[
省略物主代词
your
和作主语的代词
you]
8.
智者爱好真理，愚者回避真理。
[
省略并列句中的连词
but]
9.
车未停稳，切勿上下。
[
省略复合句中
的从属连词
before]
10.
勿失良机。
/
运气敲门就开门。
[
省略必要词语，译成汉语紧缩句
]
11.
然而，今天一股强劲的、新的
变革之风正吹遍亚洲和世界。
[
为简洁作修辞性省略，但无损原
意
]
段落翻译
科学的权威与教会的权威
伯特兰·罗素
通常谓之“现代”的这
段历史时期，人们的思想见解和中古时期的思想见解有许多不同。其
中有两点最重要，<
/p>
即教会的权威衰落下去，科学的权威逐步上升。??
科学的权威是近代大多数哲学家都承认的；由于它不是统治威信，而是理智上的威信，所以
是一种和教会权威大不相同的东西。否认它的人并不遭到什么惩罚；承认它的人也决不为从现实
利益出发的任何道理所左右。它在本质上求理性裁断，全凭这点致胜。并且，这是一种片
段不全
的威信；不像天主教的那套教义，设下一个完备的体系，概括人间道理、人类的希
望、以及宇宙
的过去和未来的历史。它只对当时似乎已由科学判明的事情表示意见，这在
无知的茫茫大海中只
不过是个小岛。另外还有一点与教会威信不同；教会威信宣称自己的
判断绝对确实，万年更改不
了；科学的论断却是在盖然性的基础上，按尝试的方式提出来
的，认为随时难免要修正。这使人
产生一种和中世纪教义学者的心理气质截然不同的心理
气质。
（译自《西方哲学史》
）
2009-7-11
Repetition
Ⅰ
. Sentence
Translation
1.
Last year
, the output of
coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent
of the whole country; of
steel 25
percent; of grain 30 percent; of cotton 35
percent.
2.
Work
with, and not against, nature.
3.
Translation
from English into Chinese is not as easy as that
from English into French.
4.
We have to analyze and solve problems.
5.
We
have advocated the principle of
peaceful co-existence, which is now growing
more and more
popular among
the nations of Asia and Africa.
6.
Yesterday
a
pigeon
carried
the
first
message
from
the
city
to
the
town.
The
bird
covered
the
distance in three
minutes.
7.
Walking
up
and
down
the
empty
room,
he
stopped
here
and
there
to
touch
or
look.
(
The
Apple
Tree
)
8.
It is no use
doing what you like; you have got to like what you
do.
9.
We should
seek common ground while reserving differences.
10.
He was open
now to charges of willful blindness.
11.
You will have
enough to eat and enough to wear.
Ⅱ
. Text Translation
The First Snow
Henry
Longfellow
The
first
snow
came.
How
beautiful
it
was,
falling
so
silently
all
day
long,
all
night
long,
on
the
mountains,
on the meadows,
on the roofs of the
living,
on the graves of the
dead! All white
save the
river, that marked
its course by a winding
black
line across the landscape; and the
leafless trees, that
against the leaden
sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty
and intricacies of their branches.
What
silence,
too,
came
with
the
snow,
and
what
seclusion!
Every
sound
was
muffled;
every
noise
changed
to
something
soft
and
musical.
No
more
tramping
hoofs,
no
more
rattling
wheels!
Only
the
chiming
of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as
the hearts of children.
(From
Kavanagh
)
2009-7-11
参考译文
句子翻译
1.
去年，这一地区的煤
产量约占
全国总产量的
20%
，钢
产量约占
25%
，粮食
产量约占
30%
，棉
花
产量约占
35%
。
< br>[
重复被省略了的词
output
和
amounted to about]
2.
要顺应
自然工作
，不要违反
自然工作
。
[
重复被省略了的动词
work]
3.
< br>英
译
汉不如英
译
法容易。
[
重复代词
that
所代替的名词
translation]
4.
<
/p>
我们要分析
问题
，解决
< br>问题
。
[
重复几个动词所共有的
宾语
problems]
5.
我们提倡和平共处的
原则
，这个
原则
目前在亚
非各国越来越得人心了。
[
重复关系代词
which
所代替的词义
]
6.
昨天，
一只鸽子
把第一条信息从市里带到了镇里。这段距离
这只鸽子<
/p>
飞了三分钟。
[
重复下义
词
hyponym: the bird,
以代替上义词
superordinate: a
pigeon]
7.
房间
空空荡荡
，他
走来走去
，这儿
停停
，那儿
停停
，东
摸摸
，西
瞧瞧
。
[
修辞性重叠和重复，
达到汉语修辞结构美、均衡美、节奏美
]
8.
爱一行干一行
< br>不行，要
干一行爱一行
。
[
重复词语或表达法，达到修辞效果
]
9.
我们应该
求同存异
。
[
发挥汉语“反义合成”
antonymous
combination
四字短语
four-character
phrase
的语言优势，达到修辞效果
]
10.
这时人们指责他
装聋作哑
。
[
发挥汉语“同
义词复制”
synonymous
reduplication
四字短语
four-character phrase
的语言优势，达到修辞效果
]
11.
你啊，
要吃有吃，要穿有穿
。
/
够你吃的
，也
够你穿的
。
[
发挥汉语的多种复制优势，达到修
辞效果
< br>]
段落翻译
初雪
亨利·朗费罗
初雪飘临。多么美啊！
它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在世人的
房顶上，落在死者的
坟墓上！在一片白茫茫之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的
黑线；还有那
叶儿落净的树木，映衬着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得枝丫交错，姿态万千。初雪飘
落时，
是何等的宁谧，何等的幽静！一切声响都趋沉寂，一切嗓音都化作柔和的音乐。再也听不
到马蹄得得，再也听不到车轮辚辚！唯有雪橇的铃铛，奏出和谐的乐声，那明快欢乐的节拍犹如
< br>孩子们心房的搏动。
（范钜清译）
2009-7-12
Inversion
Ⅰ
. Sentence
Translation
1.
Four cardinal points of the compass:
north, south, east, and west.
The
points of the compass: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and
NW.
2.
men and
women, young and old; sisters and brother (cf.
boys and girls); dear mother and father
3.
you, he and I;
Lisa, Linda and I; my wife (husband) and I
4.
food,
clothing, shelter and transportation
5.
consul
general; court-martial; letters patent; the bride
elect; God Almighty
6.
Keith: A little, yellow, ragged, lame,
unshaven beggar. (John Galsworthy)
7.
Bernard Shaw
was a well-known English playwright, who wrote
many plays.
8.
Don
’
t fire until
you have taken a good aim.
9.
I was, and
remain, grateful for the part he played in the
recovery of my lost document.
10.
Overgrazing
in the Near East and North Africa has resulted in
the formation of the present deserts
along the once fertile Mediterranean
shores.
Ⅱ
. Text Translation
Self-Mastery
Orison Swett
Marden
?
Have you
a hot, passionate temper? If so, a
moment
’
s outbreak, like a
rat-hole in a dam, may flood
all the
work of years. One angry word sometimes raises a
storm that time itself cannot allay. A single
angry word has lost many a friend.
When
Socrates
found
in
himself
any
disposition
to
anger,
he
would
check
it
by
speaking
low,
in
opposition
to
the
motions
of
his
displeasure.
If
you
are
conscious
of
being
in
a
passion,
keep
your
mouth
shut,
lest you increase it. Many a person has
dropped dead in a rage. Fits of anger
bring fits of
disease.
“
Whom the gods would destroy
they first make mad.
”
“
Keep
cool,
”
says Webster,
“
anger is not
argument.
”
“
Be
calm
in
arguing,
”
says
George
Herbert,
“
for
fierceness
makes
error
a
fault,
and
truth
discourtesy
”
?
2009-7-12
参考译文
句子翻译
1.
罗盘上的四个基本方位：东、南、西、北
（
《现代汉语词典》
2002
：<
/p>
545
）
罗经
上的方位（北、东北、东、东南、南、西南、西、西北）
(
OA
LD
2002: 280)
2.
男女老少；兄弟姐妹（
cf.
男女孩
）
；亲爱的父母亲
/
亲爱的爸爸妈妈<
/p>
3.
我，你和他；
我，丽莎和琳达
/
丽莎、琳达和我；
我和我妻子（丈夫）
/
我妻子（丈夫）
和我
4.
衣食住行——穿衣、
吃饭、
住宿、
行路，
指生
活上的基本需要。
（
《现代汉语词典》
2002
：
2257
）
[
以上译例
1-4
说明：英译汉时，汉
语要倒置英语某些词组或短语的词序
]
5.
总领事；军事法庭；专利证
/
特许状；待嫁的新娘；万能的神（上帝）
[
翻译时应倒置定语与名
词的词序
]
6.
基思：一个讨饭的，身材矮小，
面色苍黄，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡子。
[
倒置前置词序列定<
/p>
语
a series of
attributive modifiers before a noun]
7.
萧伯纳写过许多剧本，是英国的
一位著名的剧作家。
[
翻译时倒置句子重心
focus
of
sentence/
< br>信息重心
focus of
information
，变松散句
loose
sentence
为圆周句
periodic sentenc
e
。此外，剧
作家前的前置序列定语要倒置
]
8.
瞄准了再开枪。
[
翻译时倒置句子或信息重心，形成圆周句
p
eriodic sentence]
9.
我丢失的文件得以找回，他出了不少力。对此我过去感激，现在仍然很感激。
[
调整句子结构
的逻辑顺序，
按汉语时间
先后逻辑顺序
time sequence or logical
sequence
安排句序
chronological
order]
10.
在近东和北非，地中海沿岸曾经是沃野千里，由于放牧过度，如今已成了一片沙漠。
< br>[
调整句
子结构的逻辑顺序，
按
汉语时间先后和因果逻辑顺序
time sequence or logical s
equence
安排句
序
chrono
logical orde]
段落翻译
自我克制
奥里森·斯韦特·马登
你有火爆易怒
的脾气吗？如果有的话，片刻的发作无异于千里之堤溃于蚁穴，会冲垮长年累
月完成的全
部工程。有时，一句怒言会掀起经久不息的风波。仅一句怒言就失掉好多朋友。
苏格拉底发觉自己要发怒时总是降低声调来抑制怒火，阻止不愉快情绪的发展。如果你意识
到你情绪激动，就保持缄默，免得怒火越烧越旺。不少人盛怒之下一命呜呼。阵阵愤怒招来疾
病
的频频发作。
“神要毁灭谁，
先使他
疯狂。
”
韦伯斯特说：
“要保持冷静，
愤怒不等于争辩。
”
乔治·
赫
伯特说：
“辩论时要心平气和，因为狂怒使谬误
铸成大错，使真理变成无礼。
”
2009-7-13
Negation
Ⅰ
. Sentence
Translation
1.
In all my travels, I had yet to see a
place as beautiful as this orchard.
2.
It is wise man
that never makes mistakes.
It is a long
lane that has no turning.
3.
I don
’
t think
Father will fancy living an idle life like that.
4.
He
didn
’
t happen to be there
that day.
5.
A
rolling stone gathers no moss.
Under no circumstances would we give up
our principles.
6.
Are you not
prepared to do this work?
—
Yes, I am.
/
No,
I
’
m not.
It
’
s not going to
rain, is it?
—
Yes,
it
’
s going to rain.
/ No,
it
’
s not.
I
wonder if he cannot help me out of the difficulty.
Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as
to be purchased at the price of chains and
slavery?
7.
All
that flatter you are not faithful friends.
8.
I do not know
all of them. (cf. I do not know any of them.)
9.
He is not a
scholar. (cf. He is no scholar.)
10.
A true great
man is above flattery.
Ⅱ
. Text Translation
Alone
(Excerpts)
Richard E. Byrd
Solitude is
an excellent laboratory in which to observe the
extent to which manners and habits are
conditioned by
others. My
table manners are atrocious
—
in this respect
I
’
ve slipped back hundreds
of
years; in fact, I have no manners
whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my
fingers, or out of a can,
or
standing
up
—
in
other
words,
whichever
is
easiest.
What
’
s
left
over,
I
just
heave
into
the
slop
pail,
close to my feet. Come to think of it,
no reason why I shouldn
’
t.
It
’
s rather a convenient way
to eat; I
seem to remember reading in
Epicurus that a man living alone lives the life of
a wolf.
A
life
alone
makes
the
need
for
external
demonstration
almost
disappear.
Now
I
seldom
cuss,
although at first I was quick to open
fire at everything that tried my patience.
Attending to the electrical
circuit
on
the
anemometer
pole
is
no
less
cold
than
it
was
in
the
beginning;
but
I
work
in
soundless
torment, knowing that the night is vast
and profanity can shock no one nut
myself.
2009-7-13
参考译文
句子翻译
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