联合国介绍(英文版)

The United Nations (UN) is an

intergovernmental organization

established on

24 October 1945 t

o

promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations,(

国际联盟

)

the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict. At

its founding, the UN had

51

member states; there are now

193.

The UN Headquarters

（总部）

is

situated in

Manhattan, New York City

and enjoys extraterritoriality. Further main offices are

situated in

Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna

. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary

contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and

security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the

environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed

conflict.

1

.On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco,

attended

by

50

governments

and

a

number

of

non-governmental

organizations

involved

in

drafting

the United Nations Charter.

The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945

upon

ratification

of

the

Charter

by

the

five

then-permanent

members

of

the

Security

Council

—

France,

the

Republic

of

China,

the

Soviet

Union,

the

UK

and

the

US

—

and

by

a

majority of the other 46 signatories.

The

first

meetings

of

the

General

Assembly,

with

51

nations

represented,

and

the

Security

Council took place in Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London beginning 6 January 1946.

The General Assembly selected New York City as the site for United Nations Headquarters, and

the facility was completed in 1952. Its site

—

like UN headquarters buildings in Geneva, Vienna,

and Nairobi

—

is designated as international Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie,

was elected as the first UN Secretary-General.

1945

年

4

月

25

日，联合国国 际组织会议在旧金山召开，

50

国政府及诸多非政府机构参与并 起草了《联合国宪章》

。

1945

年< /p>

10

月

24

日， 当时的安理会五大常任理事国（法国、中华民国、苏联、英国和美国）及多数其他签署国（

46

国）

共同批准了宪章，联合国正式宣告成立。

1946

年

1

月

6

日，联合国大会第一次会议（

51

个国家代表出席）以及安理会在英国伦敦的卫理公会中央礼堂举行。

大会选定纽约作为联合国总部，其设施于

1952

< br>年完工。联合国总部同联合国在日内瓦、维也纳和内罗毕的总部一样，

被指定为国 际领土。同时，大会还选举了挪威外相特吕格韦·赖伊为第一任联合国秘书长。

United Nations' system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security

Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the International Court

of

Justice.[42]

A

sixth

principal

organ,

the

Trusteeship

Council,

suspended

operations

in

1994,

upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.

2.1

The General Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of

all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency

sessions can also be assembly is led by a president, elected from among the member

states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 first session was convened on 10

January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London and included representatives

of 51 nations.

When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those

present

and

voting

is

required.

Examples

of

important

questions

include

recommendations

on

peace

and

security;

election

of

members

to

organs;

admission,

suspension,

and

expulsion

of

members;

and

budgetary

matters.

All

other

questions

are

decided

by

a

majority

vote.

Each

member

country

has

one

vote.

Apart

from

approval

of

budgetary

matters, resolutions

are

not

binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the

scope

of

the

UN,

except

matters

of

peace

and

security

that

are

under

consideration

by

the

Security Council.

联合国大会是联合国的主要合议性团体，

包括联合国的所有会员国，

每年定期举行会议，

但紧急会议亦可以召开

[5 4]

。

大会由一位主席（由成员国中产生，根据区域进行轮换） 和

21

位副主席主持

[55]

。第一次会议于

1946

年

1

月

10

日在伦

< br>敦西敏卫理公会中央礼堂召开，有

51

个国家的代表参会

[10]

。

大会对于重要问题的投票需要到场且投票的三分之二多数才能通过。重要问题的例子包括关于和平和安全的建议、 主

要机构的选举、接纳、暂停和开除会员，以及预算事宜

[56 ]

。其他问题则由简单多数决定。每个国家只有一票。除预算

事 项外，通过的决议对于会员没有约束力。大会可以对联合国范围内的一切事项提出建议，但关于和平和安全的事项 则

属安全理事会考量

2.2

The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While

other

organs

of

the

United

Nations

can

only

make

to

member

states,

the

Security

Council

has

the

power

to

make

binding

decisions

that

member

states

have

agreed

to

carry out, under the terms of Charter Article decisions of the Council are known as United

Nations Security Council resolutions.

The

Security

Council

is

made

up

of

15

member

states,

consisting

of

5

permanent

members

—

China,

France,

Russia,

the

United

Kingdom,

and

the

United

States

—

and

10

non-permanent

members

—

Argentina

(term

ends

2014),

Australia

(2014),

Chad

(2015),

Chile

(2015),

Jordan

(2015),

Lithuania

(2015),

Luxembourg

(2014),

Nigeria

(2015),

Republic

of

Korea

(2014),

and

Rwanda

(2014).[59]

The

five

permanent

members

hold

veto

power

over

UN

resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate.

The

ten

temporary

seats

are

held

for

two-year

terms,

with

member

states

voted

in

by

the

General

Assembly

on

a

regional

basis.[60]

The

presidency

of

the

Security

Council

rotates

alphabetically each month.

安 全理事会的职责是维护国家之间的和平与安全。联合国的其他主要机构只有对会员国提出“建议”的权利，而安理

会则有权提出具有强制性的决议，在宪章第二十五条规定下，会员国必须接受并履行

[58]

。安理会的决议被称为联合国

安全 理事会决议。

安理会由

15