学位英语试题课堂精讲四(含答案解析)

学位英语试题课堂精讲四：翻译技巧

英译汉：词义的选择、引申和褒贬

1.

注意词性和词义搭配

(1)

To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.

为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。

(2)

The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade.

过去

10

(3)

He saves money against the rainy day.

他存钱以备不时之用。

(4)

We must not cross the street against the light.

我们不 能不顾交通信号灯就横穿马路。

（表示

“

违反

”

）

(5)

His appearance is against him.

他的外表对他不利。

（表示

“

不利于

”< /p>

）

2.

注意具体词义抽象化和抽象词义具体化

(1)

I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

我不是那种让感情支配理智的人。

(2)

There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness.

他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远 不止一时的柴米油盐问题。

3.

注意褒义译法

(1)

The sea adds something to the appearance of Qingdao.

大海给青岛海滨增添了几分美色。

(2)

They predicted the youth would have a bright future.

他们说，这个年轻人会有一个锦绣前程。

(

褒

)

(3)

The enemy killed one of our comrades, and we killed an enemy agent.

敌人杀害了我们一位 同志，

(

褒

)

我们宰了一个特务。

(

贬

)

4.

注意贬义译法

(1)

There is something behind, I think.

我看这里面有文章

(

名堂

)

。

贬

)

(2)

He thinks himself to be something, but actually he is nothing.

他自认为是个了不起的人，

(

褒

)

但实际上他是个小人物。

(

贬

)

(3)

It was mid- august and the subject for discussion was the future of terrorists.

当时是八月中旬，他们讨论的题目是恐怖主义的下场

英译汉：增译法

Ⅰ

.Lexical Amplification

Adding Verbs

（增加原文暗含的动词）

1. Science demands of men

great effort

and

complete devotion

.

人们要掌握科学，必须付出巨大的努力并对之怀有无限的热爱。

2.

My work, my family and my friends

were more than enough to fill my time.

我干工作，做家务，

朋友往来，这些占用了我的全部时间。

Adding Adj. and Adv.

（增加形容词和副词）

1. Facts are to scientist as words are to the poets.

事实对于科学家正如文字于诗人一样重要。

2. He stole a glance at the pretty girl walking alongside with him.

他偷偷地瞥了她一眼。

Adding Nouns

（增加名词）

A.

不及物动词后加名词

Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating, playing, meetings, classes, etc.

作一个时间表，然后，将吃饭 、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。

B.

在形容词前面加名词

His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and, moreover looks very ugly.

他妻子认为，这件家具价格昂贵而且外表难看。

C,

抽象名词后加范畴名词

His arrogance made everyone dislike him.

他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。

D.

当具体名词表达某种抽象概念

I am reading Lu Xun

我在读鲁迅的作品。

Adding Summarizing words

（增加概括词）

China is willing to exchange views with any countries, politically, culturally and economically.

中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面进行交流。

Adding qualifiers

（增加量词）

A.

可数名词的量词

1. Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon

（新月）

.

一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云层里去了。

2. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a coin, a piece of paper, and a pin.

用一把木尺，一块玻璃，一枚硬币， 一张纸和一个大头针，重做这个实验。

Adding words indicating the plural form

（表示复数的词）

I saw bubbles rising from under the water.

我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。

The mountains were covered with snow.

群山白雪皑皑。

It has been celebrated as a scenic landmark in all dynasties.

历朝历代，西湖都被誉为风景胜地。

Adding words indicating tense

（表示时态的词）

1. Once I was his boss ,but now he is mine.

我一度曾是他的上司；不过现在是他领导我。

2. China has been implementing the birth control policy over the past decades.

过去几十年来，中国一直在推行计划生育政策。

转译法练习

一、名词转译动词

1.

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.

火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。

2.

I'm afraid I can't teach you swimming. My wife is a better teacher than I.

恐怕我不能教你游泳，我妻子比我教得好。

3.

The news tonight made no mention of the serious robbery.

今晚的新闻报道没提到这桩严重的抢劫案。

二、介词转换为动词

The

street

runs

westward

,

across

a

great

bridge,

down

a

hill

and

up

again,

past

single-storied

homes,

until

suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.

这条大街向西而去，跨过一 座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前

突然到了尽 头。

三、形容词转换为动词

It was a very informative meeting.

会上透露了许多信息。

They were news-hungry.

他们迫切地想获得消息。

四、副词转换为动词

That day he was up before sunrise.

那天他在日出以前就起来了。

五、动词转译为名词

Our age is witnessing a change in China.

我们的时代是中国变革的见证。

六、形容词转译为名词

They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.

他们将为聋人和盲人修建一所学院。

七、名词转译形容词

We have seen the beauty of Mt. Tai.

我们看到了美丽的泰山。

八、副词转译形容词

The film impressed him deeply.

这部电影给他留下了深刻的印象。

九、形容词转译副词

He had a careful study of the map before he started off.

他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。

十、名词转译副词

1. The man nodded with satisfaction.

那人满意地点了点头。

定语从句翻译练习

1.

将定语从句用

“……

”

结构译出

(1)

Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.

污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。

2.

译成

“

这

”

字句

(2)

He likes playing table tennis, which surprises me most.

他喜欢打乒乓球，这使我大为惊讶。

3.

重复先行词