-
BOOK
I
Unit Two
Psychology in Our Daily Life
Teaching Aims:
教学目标
:
In this unit students are required to :
1)
get to know
some useful information concerning the topic of
the reading passages
in this unit and
to know more about English culture;
了解有
关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息，了解更多关于英语文化的知识
;
2)
do some
preparation activities such as discussion, group
work, etc. to practice their
spoken
skill and communicative skills;
做一些准备活动
，如讨论、小组工作等，练习他们的口语技巧和交流技巧
3)
grasp some new
words and try to use these words which help them
to enrich their
vocabulary;
掌握一些新单词，试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇
;
4)
read the in-
class reading passage in a limited time and grasp
some expressions and
grammatical
points
in
the
in-class
reading
passage
to
improve
their
reading
comprehension;
在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章，掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点，提高阅读理解能力< /p>
;
5)
do some post-reading exercises and some
after-class reading to practice what they
have got to know in class to improve
their English comprehensive skills.;
做一
些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习，以提高他们在课堂上的知识，提高他们的英语综合技能。
6) translate some typical sentences
into Chinese or English by using some expressions
learned
in
the
reading
passages
to
acquire
some
translating
skills
and
better
their
translating abilities.
运用阅读中
的一些句型，将一些典型的句子翻译成汉语或英语，以获得一些翻译技巧，提高翻译的能力。
I. Useful information
1.
Psychology is a young and growing science that
touches on a broad range of human
activities.
In
general,
however
one
can
say
that
psychology
tries
to
explain
why
people cat, think, and
feel the way they do.
心理学是一
门新兴的科学，涉及广泛的人类活动。一般来说，人们会说心理学试图解释为什么人们会喜欢
猫，思考和感觉自己的行为。
2.
Psychologists
are interested not only in how individual minds
work but also in the
various
interactions of minds in society. It should be
noted that psychology provides
methods
of
analyzing
and
understanding
human
behavior
and
emotion
that
are
not
based on moral codes.
心理学家不仅对个人思想的工作方式感兴趣，
而且对社会中各种思想的相互作用也感兴趣。
应该指出的是，
< br>心理学提供了分析和理解人类行为和情感的方法，而不是基于道德准则
3.
The
whole
field
of
psychoanalysis
originated
with
the
research
of
the
Austrian
doctor, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).
According to his theories, people are driven by
irrational
(not
being
able
to
reason;
illogical)
forces
or
primitive
instincts.
Freud
1
believed that the inner struggle
between instincts and conscience often led to
disaster
which was manifested (show
clearly) in the form of personal tragedies such as
murder
and
suicide
or
collective
tragedies
such
as
war.
He
advocates
(support)
the
use
of
psychoanalysis
to
help
people
control
irrational
forces.
Much
of
Freud’s
work
was
based on his interpretation of dreams
and sexual instincts.
整个精神分析领域源于奥地利医生西格
蒙德·弗洛伊德的研究
(1856 - 1939)
。根据他的
理论，人们是被非
理性驱使的
(
无法推
理
;
不合逻辑的
)
力量或原始本能。弗洛伊德认为，直觉和良知之间的内在斗争经常导致
灾难，这种灾
难以个人悲剧的形式表现出来，如谋杀、自杀或战争等集体悲剧。他提倡使用精神分析来帮
助人们控制非理性的力量。弗洛伊德的大部分作品都是基于他对梦和性本能的诠释。
4.
The whole
field of psychology has evolved (develop) and
expanded considerably
since
the
early
part
of
the
twentieth
century.
There
are
now
many
branches
of
psychology and it is no longer limited
to clinical (cold; without feelings) work and the
analysis of dreams.
从二十世纪早期开始，整个心理学领域都在发展和扩展。现在有许多心理学分支，它不再局限于临床
(
冷
;
没有感情的
工作和对梦的分析。
5.
Men and women with training in
psychology now work in many different careers
ranging from therapists to advertising
agents. The findings of psychological research
are used help the victims of family
violence, to design aptitude
tests
（性向测验）
，
to
carry
out
efficiency
studies
in
the
workplace,
to
develop
educational
strategies,
to
conduct
political
campaigns,
and
to
predict
consumer
spending.
In
fact,
there
id
hardly
any
aspect
of
modern
society
that
has
not
been
influenced
in
some
way
by
research in the field of psychology.
有心理学训练的男男女女现在从事着许多不同的职业，从心理治疗师到广告代理。心理学研究
的结果有助
于使用家庭暴力的受害者
,
设计能力测试
(
性向测验
),
执行效率研究在工作场所
,
发展教育策略
,
进行政治活动
,
预
测消费者支出。事实上，在现代社会中，几乎没有任何方面，在心理学领域的研究中并没有受到某些方
面的影响。
II. Preparation
1
．
Describing the
pictures on page 32.
描述第
32
页的图片
Picture
1
:
The
patient
looks
sad.
He
is
coming
out
of
the
hospital,
carrying
a
test
report
in
his
hand.
Judging
from
the
black
cloud
hanging
over
the
hospital,
the
drooping
flowers
and
trees,
and
the
report
with
the
word
“Cancer”
on
it,
we
can
assume that he has had a
series of tests.
图
1:
< br>病人看起来很伤心。他从医院出来，手里拿着一份化验报告。从悬挂在医院上空的黑云，垂下的鲜花
和树木，以及
“
癌症
”
一词的报告，我们可以推测他已经做了一系列的测试。
Picture 2
: The man is lying
in bed. The doctor has obviously prescribed all
kinds of
medicine
because
there
bottles
of
pills
on
the
table
beside
the
bed.
There
is
also
a
piece of
paper with the word “will” written on it. The man
is
also depressed that he
has written his will because he thinks
he is going to die.
图二
:
男人躺在床上。医生显然开了各种各样的药，因为在床边的桌子上放了几瓶药。还有一张纸条，上面
写着
“will”
。这个人也很沮丧，
因为他认为自己会死，所以写了遗嘱。
Picture3
: The man appears
extremely happy. The sun is shining over the
hospital. The
flowers
and
trees
are
upright.
The
doctor
has
told
the
man
that
he
does
not
have
2
cancer after all. (The report he is
carrying has an “X” through the word “cancer”.) On
seeing this result, he can’t believe
his eyes.
图片
3:
这个人看起来非常高兴。阳光普照医院。花和树都是直立的。医生告诉那个人他根本没有癌症。
(
他
携带的报告有
“X”
字通过
“
癌症
”
一词。
)
看到这个结果，
他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。
Picture
4
:
The
sun
is
shining,
the
trees
are
full
of
fruit
and
the
hospital
has
disappeared.
The
man
is
happy.
He
appears
to
be
singing
or
whistling.
He
takes
a
racket
and heads off to play tennis. He is healthy and
energetic again.
图四
< br>:
阳光灿烂，树上满是水果，医院也不见了。的人是幸福的。他似乎在唱歌或吹口
哨。他拿起球拍，就
去打网球。他又健康又精力充沛。
2.
Getting to
know your classmates
了解你的同学
Possible
reasons for the beliefs and feelings
?
Those who love
shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take
delight in
doing shopping .Sometimes
they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping
is done. In other cases, when people
are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of
shopping.
爱购物的人可能会有很多钱花
,
乐于做购物。有时他们在购物后会有成就感。在其他情况下，当人们情绪
低
落时，他们往往会去购物。
?
Some people
don’t eat beef because of
their
religion. For example, Hindus do not
eat beef. Others do not eat beef
because of their family habits.
有些人不吃牛肉
,
因为他们的宗教。例如，印度教徒不吃牛肉。其他人不吃牛肉
是因为他们的家庭习惯。
?
Bus service in some places is very
poor. Buses are usually crowed and dirty. That
is why people don’t
like to
ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they
will get
sick. The result will probably
be that they hate riding on a bus even more.
巴士服务在一些地方非常贫穷。公共汽车通常拥挤不堪。这就是为什么人们不喜欢乘坐公共汽车，当 他们
乘公共汽车时，他们会生病。结果可能是他们更讨厌乘坐公共汽车。
?
Those
who
love
to
talk
to
themselves
are
often
timid
and
reserved(shy).
They
express their own feeling by doing so.
Some people do so because they are not
sure
of
themselves.
They
can
practice
talking
to
others
in
imagination,
i.e.
by
imagining
that they are facing other people and talking with
them.
喜欢跟自己的人往往是胆小
,
保留
(
害羞
)
。他们这样做表达了自己的感情。有些人这样做是因为他们不确定
自己。他们可以在
想象中练习与他人交谈，也就是说，想象他们面对着其他人，与他们交谈。
?
Some
people
are
terrified
of
snakes
because
some
snakes
are
very
poisonous.
Other people hate them because they are
ugly and disgusting.
一些人害怕蛇
,
因为蛇毒性很大。其他人讨厌他们，因为他们丑陋又恶心。
?
People
sometimes associate violence and ghosts with
darkness.
In the darkness,
people usually feel lonely and
helpless.
人们有时把暴力和鬼魂与黑暗。在黑暗中，人们通常感到孤独和无
助。
?
Some people think they are too fat when
compared with those slim people around
them. In most parts of the world,
people are worried when they gain weight and
try every means to keep thin. Everyone
hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and
follow the trend.
有些人认为他们太胖相
比
,
那些苗条的周围的人。在世界上的大部分地区，人们在增重
的时候都很担心，并
且想尽一切办法保持苗条。每个人都希望自己长得好看或漂亮，并追
随潮流。
3
?
Those
who
hold
on
to
their
money
as
long
as
possible
are
usually
very
thrifty.
They are afraid
that if they spend all their money, they will have
nothing to rely
on.
With
as
much
money
as
they
can
save,
they
can
at
least
have
a
sense
of
security.
那些坚持他们的钱尽可能长时间通常很节
俭。他们害怕如果他们把钱花光了，就没有什么可依靠的了。只
要他们能省钱，他们至少
可以有安全感。
?
People who hate queuing are impatient.
They think it is a waste of time to spend
their precious time queuing.
讨厌排队的人不耐烦。他们认为花宝贵的时间排队是浪费时间。
?
People believe
in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories.
Some people who
have dreamed of ghosts
may believe in them.
人相信鬼魂如果他们听过很多鬼故事。有
些梦见鬼魂的人可能相信他们。
?
These
people
believe
that
everyone
has
a
certain
fate.
It
is
fate
that
determine
everything in
their life. They are anxious to find out what
their future will be like.
So they go
to a fortune teller in order to know their future
in advance.
这些人相信每个人都有一个特定的命运。命运决定了他们生活
中的一切。他们急于想知道他们的未来会是
什么样子。所以他们去找算命师来提前了解他
们的未来。
III. Pre-Reading
Activities
课前阅读活动
Directions: Discuss the following
questions in pairs
If you have any
health problems , do you always go to the doctor?
If so, what do you
expect from the
doctor?
两组讨论下列问题
如果你有任何健康问题，你总是去看医生吗
?
如果是这样的话，
你对医生的期望是什么
?
Possible answer:
If I have
health problems, I will go to the doctor. I want
the doctor to examine me, to
diagnose
the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me
if there is anything I should
do or
avoid. If it is necessary, the doctor will give me
some tests. Above all, I always
expect
that the doctor will tell me that I will get
better quickly.
如果我有健康问题，我会去看医生。我希望医生检查
我，诊断问题，开处方，或者告诉我是否有什么我应
该做或避免的。如果有必要，医生会
给我做一些检查。最重要的是，我总是希望医生能告诉我，我很快就
会好起来的。
IV
. In-Class
Reading Activities
1. The
students are supposed to finish the in-class
reading passage within 14
minutes.
2. Language points
1) to come away with sth:
to leave a place with sth
e.g. We came
away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well
with marriage.
To come away from sth:
to become detached from
sth
（脱落）
4
The light switch came away
from the wall.
2
）
…all a sick
person needs is some…
all
that ( that is omitted): what(the verb must be
single)
e.g. All I can say is that we
are extremely sorry. (subject)
All that
he lacked was training. (subject)
He
thought over all that his parents had said
(object)
Do not all you can; spend not
all you have; believe not all you hear; and tell
not all you know. (obj.)
Is
that all you want to say? (predictive)
That’s all there is to be said.
(predictive)
3)
…some assurance that…
(appositive clause)
(fact,
opinion,
notion,
suggestion,
proposal,
thought,
news,
truth,
report,
idea,
rumor,
hope, belief, doubt, proof…)
e.g. I have no idea that you were here.
They marveled at the fact that China
did it all on its own.
There can be no
doubt that he is qualified for the job.
4) even though/if: in spite of the fact
that; no matter whether
e.g.
E
ven if I have to walk all the way I’ll
get there.
They’ll stand by
(support) you even if you don’t succeed.
5) to open up: to begin to
develop
开采，开发，开垦
e.g. They have already made plans to
open up the mine/land.
6) More wasted
land will be opened up in a planned way.
?
to open up:
open
打开
，开放
e.g. After we
had opened up the package, we found that it had
nothing in it of
important.
They opened the country up to trade.
?
to open up: to
make sth
available
开拓（新领域）展示，揭示
e.g. His stories opened up new worlds
of the imagination.
Einstein’s theories
opened up a whole new area for study.
?
to open
up
开刀，切开
e.g. They opened up his stomach to get
at the source of the trouble.
他们给他的胃
开了刀，找出了病根
7) to fool
sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing
sth
欺骗某人做某事
?
to fool sb into
sth
e.g. He has fooled a lot of people
into believing he is a rich man.
He
fooled
himself
into
believing
that
he
was
contributing
to
the
motherland.
?
to make a fool
of oneself
使自己出丑，
出洋相
e.g. The boy made a fool of himself.
?
to make a fool
of sb
欺骗，愚弄，捉弄
e.g. She is always trying to make a
fool of her husband in public.
类似结构的短语
:
to
persuade sb into doing sth
to cheat sb
into doing sth
5
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