-
Constitution of the United States
美国宪法中英文对照版
Preamble
We,
the
people
of
the
United
States,
in
order
to
form
a
more
perfect
Union,
establish justice,
insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
common
defense,
promote
the
general
welfare,
and
secure
the
blessings
of
liberty
to
ourselves
and
our
posterity,
do
ordain
and
establish
this
Constitution
for the United
States of America.
序言
我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，
建立共同的国防，
增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸
福，
乃为美
利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。
Article I
Section 1 -
Legislative powers; in whom vested
All
legislative
powers
herein
granted
shall
be
vested
in
a
Congress of
the United States,
which
shall consist of a Senate and House of
Representatives.
第一条
第一款
本宪法所规定的立法权，
全属合众国的国会，
国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。
Section
2
-
House
of
Representatives,
how
and
by
whom
chosen
Qualifications
of
a
Representative. Representatives and
direct taxes, how apportioned. Enumeration.
Vacancies to be
filled. Power of
choosing officers, and of impeachment.
1. The House of Representatives shall
be composed of members chosen every second year by
the
people of the several States, and
the elector in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for
electors
of the most numerous branch of the State
Legislature.
众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，
各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多
之一院的选举人所需之资格。<
/p>
2. No person shall be a
Representative who shall not have attained the age
of twenty-five years,
and
been
seven
years
a
Citizen
of
the
United
States,
and
who
shall
not,
when
elected,
be
an
inhabitant of that State in which he
shall be chosen.
凡年龄未满二十五岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满
七年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，
均不得任众议员。
3. Representatives and direct taxes
shall be apportioned among the several States
which may be
included within this
Union, according to their respective numbers,
which shall be determined by
adding the
whole number of free persons, including those
bound to service for a term of years, and
excluding
Indians
not
taxed,
three-
fifths
of
all
other
persons.(The
previous
sentence
was
superceded by Amendment
XIV
，前面语句已由宪法修正案
XIV
替代
). The actual enumeration
shall be made within three years after
the first meeting of the Congress of the United
States, and
within every subsequent
term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by
law direct. The number
of
Representatives shall not exceed one for every
thirty thousand, but each State shall have at
least
one Representative; and until
such enumeration shall be made, the State of New
Hampshire shall
be
entitled
to
choose
three,
Massachusetts
eight,
Rhode
Island
and
Providence
Plantations
one,
Connecticut five, New
York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
Delaware one, Maryland six,
Virginia
ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and
Georgia three.
众议员人数及直接税税额，
应
按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，
此项人口数目的计算法，
应在全体自由人民－－包括订有契约的短期仆役，
但不包括末被课税的印第安人－－数目
之
外，
再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。
实际人口调查，
应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内
举行，<
/p>
并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。众议员的数目，不得超过每
三万人口有众议员一人，
但每州至少应有众议员一人，
在举行人囗调查以前，
各州得按照下
列数目选举众议员
:
新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人
、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、
康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人．新泽西四人、宾夕法尼
亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗
吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、
乔治亚三人。
4. When vacancies
happen in the representation from any State, the
Executive Authority thereof
shall issue
writs of election to fill such vacancies.
< br>任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。
5. The House of Representatives shall
choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall
have the
sole power of impeachment.
众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。
Section 3 - Senators, how and by whom
chosen. How classified. State Executive, when to
make
temporary appointments, in case,
etc. Qualifications of a Senator. President of the
Senate, his right
to
vote.
President
pro
tem.,
and
other
officers
of
the
Senate,
how
chosen.
Power
to
try
impeachments. When
President is tried, Chief Justice to preside.
Sentence.
1. The Senate of the United
States shall be composed of two Senators from each
State,for six years;
and each Senator
shall have one vote.
合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组
成之，
参议员的任期为六年，
每名参议员有一票表
决权。
2.
Immediately
after
they
shall
be
assembled
in
consequence
of
the
first
election,
they
shall
be
divided
as equally as may be into three classes. The seats
of the Senators of the first class shall be
vacated at the expiration of the second
year, of the second class at the expiration of the
fourth year,
and of the third class at
the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-
third
may be chosen every
second
year;
and
if
vacancies
happen
by
resignation,
or
otherwise,
during
the
recess
of
the
Legislature of any
State, the Executive thereof may make temporary
appointments until the next
meeting
of
the
Legislature,
which
shall
then
fill
such
vacancies.
(The
words
in
italics
were
superceded by Amendment XVII)
合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之，
参议员的任期为六年，
每名参议员
有一票表决权。
参议员于第一次
选举后举行会议之时，
应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。
第一
组参议员的任期，
到第二年年终时届满，
第
二组到第四年年终时届满，
第三组到第六年年终
时届满，
俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选，
如果在某州州议会休会期间，<
/p>
有参议员因辞
职或其它原因出缺，
该州的
行政长官得任命临时参议员，
等到州议会下次集会时，
再予选举
补缺（宪法修正案
XVII
对本条款做
了部分修改）
。
3. No
person shall be a Senator who shall not have
attained to the age of thirty years, and been
nine years a Citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
inhabitant of that
State for which he
shall be chosen.
凡年龄未满三十岁，
或取
得合众国公民资格未满九年，
或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，
均
不得任参议员
4. The
Vice-President of the United States shall be
President of the Senate, but shall have no vote,
unless they be equally divided.
合众国副总统应为参议院议长，除非在投票票数相等时，议长无投票权。
5. The Senate shall choose their other
officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the
absence of
the Vice President, or when
he shall exercise the office of the President of
the United States.
参议院应选举该院的其他官员，
在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时，
还应选举临时议长。
6. The Senate shall have the sole
power to try all impeachments. When sitting for
that purpose,
they shall be on oath or
affirmation. When the President of the United
States is tried, the Chief
Justice
shall preside: and no person shall be convicted
without the concurrence of two-thirds of the
members present.
所有弹劾案，只有参议院
有权审理。
在开庭审理弹劾案时，参议员们均应宣誓或誓愿。
如
受
审者为合众国总统，
则应由最高法院首席大法官担任主席，<
/p>
在末得出席的参议员的三分之二
的同意时，任何人不得被判有罪。
7. Judgement in cases of
impeachment shall not extend further than to
removal from office, and
disqualification to hold and enjoy any
office of honor, trust, or profit under the United
States: but
the
party
convicted
shall
nevertheless
be
liable
and
subject
to
indictment,
trial,
judgement
and
punishment, according to law.
弹劾案的判决，
不得超过免职及取消其担任合众国政府任何有荣誉、
有责任或有俸禄的职位
之资格，但被判处者仍须服从另据法律所作之控诉、审讯
、判决及惩罚。
Section 4 - Times,
etc., of holding elections, how prescribed. One
session in each year.
1. The times,
places and manner of holding elections for
Senators and Representatives, shall be
prescribed in each State by the
Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any
time by law make
or alter such
regulations, except as to the places of choosing
Senators.
各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、
地点及程序，
但国会得随时以法律制定
或变更此种规
定，惟有选举议员的地点不在此例。
2. The
Congress shall assemble at least once in every
year, and such meeting shall be on the first
Monday in December,(The words in
italics were superceded by Amendment
XX
，宪法修正案对
此有修改
)
unless they by law appoint a different day.
国会应至少每年集会一次，
开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一，
除非他们通过法律来指定
另一个日期。
Section 5 - Membership, Quorum,
Adjournments, Rules, Power to punish or expel.
Journal. Time
of adjournments, how
limited, etc.
1. Each House shall be
the judge of the elections, returns and
qualifications of its own members,
and
a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do
business; but a smaller number may adjourn
from
day
to
day,
and
may
be
authorized
to
compel
the
attendance
of
absent
members,
in
such
manner,
and under such penalties as each House may
provide.
参众两院应各自审查本院的选举、
选举结果
报告和本院议员的资格，
每院议员过半数即构成
可以议事的法定
人数，
不足法定人数时，
可以一天推一天地延期开会，
并有权依照各该议院
所规定的程序和罚则，强迫缺席的议员出席。
2.
Each
House
may
determine
the
rules
of
its
proceedings,
punish
its
members
for
disorderly
behavior, and,
with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a
member.
参众两院得各自规定本院的议事规则，
处罚本
院扰乱秩序的议员，
并且得以三分之二的同意，
开除本院的议员
。
3. Each House shall keep a
journal of its proceedings, and from time to time
publish the same,
excepting
such
parts
as
may
in
their
judgement
require
secrecy;
and
the
yeas
and
nays
of
the
members
of
either
House
on
any
question
shall,
at
the
desire
of
one-
fifth
of
those
present,
be
entered on the journal.
参众两院
应各自保存一份议事记录，
并经常公布，
惟各该院认为应保守秘
密之部分除外，
两
院议员对于每一问题之赞成或反对，如有五分
之一出席议员请求，则应记载于议事记录内。
4.
Neither House, during the session of Congress,
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn
for more than three days, nor to any
other place than that in which the two Houses
shall be sitting.
在国会开会期间，
任一
议院未得别院同意，
不得休会三日以上，
亦不得迁往非两院开会
的其
他地点。
Section 6
- Compensation, Privileges, Disqualification in
certain cases.
1.
The
Senators
and
Representatives
shall
receive
a
compensation
for
their
services,
to
be
ascertained
by
law,
and
paid
out
of
the
Treasury
of
the
United
States.
They
shall
in
all
cases,
except treason,
felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest during their attendance at
the
session of their respective Houses, and in going
to and returning from the same; and for any
speech or debate in either House, they
shall not be questioned in any other place.
参议员与众议员得因其服务而获报酬，
报酬的多寡由法律定之，
并由合众国国库支付。
两院
议员除犯叛国罪、
重罪以及扰乱治安罪外，
在出席各该院会议及往返各该院途中，
有不受逮
捕之特权，两院议员在议院内所发表之演说及辩论，在其它场
合不受质询。
2. No Senator or
Representative shall, during the time for which he
was elected, be appointed to
any civil
office under the authority of the United States,
which shall have increased during such
time; and no person holding any office
under the United States, shall be a member of
either House
during his continuance in
office.
参议员或众议员不得在其当选任期内担任合众国政府任何新添设的职位
，
或在其任期内支取
因新职位而增添的俸禄，在合众国政府供职
的人，不得在其任职期间担任国会议员。
Section 7
- House to originate all revenue bills. Veto. Bill
may be passed by two-thirds of each
House, notwithstanding, etc. Bill, not
returned in ten days to become a law. Provisions
as to orders,
concurrent resolutions,
etc.
1. All bills for raising revenue
shall originate in the House of Representatives;
but the Senate may
propose or concur
with amendments as on other bills.
有关征税
的所有法案应在众议院中提出，
但参议院得以处理其它法案的方式，
以修正案提出
建议或表示同意。
2. Every bill which shall have passed
the House of Representatives and the Senate,
shall, before it
become a law, be
presented to the president of the United States;
if he approve, he shall sign it, but
if
not, he shall return it, with his objections, to
that house in which it shall have originated, who
shall
enter
the
objections
at
large
on
their
journal,
and
proceed
to
reconsider
it.
If
after
such
reconsideration, two thirds of that
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be
sent, together with
the objections, to
the other house, by which it shall likewise be
reconsidered, and if approved by
two-
thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But
in all such cases the votes of both houses shall
be determined by yeas and nays, and the
names of the persons voting for and against the
bill shall
be
entered
on
the
journal
of
each
house
respectively.
If
any
bill
shall
not
be
returned
by
the
president
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall
have been presented to him, the same
shall
be
a
law,
in
like
manner
as
if
he
had
signed
it,
unless
the
Congress
by
their
adjournment
prevent its
return, in which case it shall not be a law.
经众议院和参议院通过的法案，
在正式成为法律之前，须呈送合众国总统，
总统如批准，便
须签署，
如不批准，<
/p>
即应连同他的异议把它退还给原来提出该案的议院，
该议院应将异
议详
细记入议事记录，
然后进行复议。
倘若在复议之后，
该议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该
法案，
该院即应将该法案连同异议书送交另一院，
由其同样予以复议，
若此另一院亦以三分
之二的多数通过，
该法案即成为法律。
但遇有这样的情形时，
两院的表决均应以赞
同或反对
来定，
而赞同和反对该法案的议员的姓名，
均应由两院分别记载于各该院的议事记录之内
。
如总统接到法案后十日之内
(
星期日除外
)
，
不将之退还，
该法案即等于曾由总统签署一样，
成为法律
¨
准有当国会休会因而无法将该法案退
还时，该法案才不得成为法律。
3.
Every
order,
resolution,
or
vote
to
which
the
concurrence
of
the
Senate
and
House
of
Representatives may be necessary
(except on a question of adjournment) shall be
presented to the
president of the
United States; and before the same shall take
effect, shall be approved by him, or,
being
disapproved
by
him,
shall
be
re-passed
by
two-thirds
of
the
Senate
and
House
of
Representatives,
according to the rules and limitations prescribed
in the case of a bill.
任何命令、决议或表决
(
有关休会问题者除外
)
，凡须由参议院及众议院予以同意者，均应
呈送合众国总统，经其此准之后
，方始生效，
如总统不予批准，则参众两院可依照对于通过
法案
所规定的各种规则和限制，各以三分之二的多数，再行通过。
Section 8 - Powers of Congress
The Congress shall have the power
1.
To
lay
and
collect
taxes,
duties,
imposts
and
excises,
to
pay
the
debts
and
provide
for
the
common defence and general welfare of
the United States; but all duties, imposts and
excises shall
be uniform throughout the
United States:
国会有权规定并征收税金、
捐
税、
关税和其它赋税，
用以偿付国债并为合众国的共同防御和<
/p>
全民福利提供经费，但是各种捐税、关税和其它赋税，在合众国内应划一征收
2. To borrow money on
the credit of the United States:
以合众国的信用举债
3. To
regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among
the several states,and with the Indian
tribes:
管理与外国的、州与州间的，以及对印第安部落的贸易
4. To establish an uniform
rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the
subject of bankruptcies
throughout the
United States:
制定在合众国内一致适用的归化条例，和有关破产的一
致适用的法律
5. To coin money,
regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin,
and fix the standard of weights
and
measures:
铸造货币，调议其价值，并确定外币价值，以及制定度量衡的标准
6. To provide for the
punishment of counterfeiting the securities and
current coin of the United
States:
制定对伪造合众国证券和货币的惩罚条例
7. To establish post-offices and post-
roads:
设立邮政局及建设驿路
8. To promote the progress of science
and useful arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and
inventors the exclusive
right to their respective writings and
discoveries:
为促进科学和实用技艺的进步，
对
作家和发明家的著作和发明，
在一定期限内给予专利权的
保障<
/p>
9. To constitute tribunals
inferior to the supreme court:
设置最高法院以下的各级法院
10.
To define and punish piracies and felonies
committed on the high seas, and offences against
the law of nations:
界定并惩罚海盗罪、在公海所犯的重罪和违背国际公法的罪行
11. To declare war, grant letters of
marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning
captures on
land and water:
宣战，
对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动的特许证，
制定
在陆地和海面虏获战利品的
规则
12. To raise and support armies, but no
appropriation of money to that use shall be for a
longer
term than two years:
募集和维持陆军，但每次拨充该项费用的款项，其有效期不得超过两年
13. To provide and maintain a navy:
配备和保持海军
14. To
make rules for the government and regulation of
the land and naval forces:
制定管理和控制陆海军队的各种条例
15. To provide for calling forth the
militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress
insurrections
and repel invasions:
制定召集民兵的条例，以便执行联邦法律，镇压叛乱和击退侵略
16. To provide for
organizing, arming and disciplining the militia,
and for governing such part of
them as
may be employed in the service of the United
States, reserving to the states respectively,
the appointment of the officers, and
the authority of training the militia according to
the discipline
prescribed by Congress:
规定民兵的组织、
装备和训练，
以及民
兵为合众国服务时的管理办法，
但各州保留其军官任
命权，和依
照国会规定的条例训练其民兵的权力
17. To exercise exclusive legislation
in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not
exceeding ten
miles square) as may, by
cession of particular states, and the acceptance
of Congress, become the
seat
of
the
government
of
the
United
States,
and
to
exercise
like
authority
over
all
places
purchased by the consent of the
legislature of the state in which the same shall
be, for the erection
of forts,
magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful
buildings: And,
对于由某州让与而由国会承受，
用以充当合众国政府所在地的地区
(
不超过
10
平方英里
)
，
握有对其一切事务的全部立法权，对于经州议会同意，向州政府购得，
用以建筑要塞、
弹药
库、兵工厂、船坞
和其它必要建筑物的地方，也握有同样的权力并且
18.
To make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other powers vested by
this constitution in the government of the United
States, or
in any department or officer
thereof.
为了行使上述各项权力，以及行使本宪法赋予合众国政府或其各部门
或其官员的种种权力，
制定一切必要的和适当的法律
Section 9 - Provision as to migration
or importation of certain persons. Habeas
Corpus
，
Bills of
attainder, etc. Taxes, how apportioned.
No export duty. No commercial preference. Money,
how
drawn from Treasury, etc. No
titular nobility. Officers not to receive
presents, etc.
1.
The
migration
or
importation
of
such
persons
as
any
of
the
states
now
existing
shall
think
proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the
year 1808, but a tax or duty
may be
imposed on such importations, not exceeding 10
dollars for each person.
对于现有任何一州所认为的应准
其移民或入境的人，
在一八零八年以前，
国会不得加以禁止，<
/p>
但可以对入境者课税，惟以每人不超过十美元为限。
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