-
1972
年《国际海上避碰规则公约》
Convention on the International
Regulations for Preventing
Collisions
at Sea, 1972
THE PARTIES TO
THE PRESENT CONVENTION,
各缔约
国，本着保持高度的海上安全的愿望，注意到有必要对
1960
DESIRING
to maintain a high level of
safety at sea,
年国际海上人命安全会议最
终议定书所附的国际海上避碰规则进行
修订并使之适应新的情况，经就该规则被认可以来
的发展情况对之
进行了审议，现协议如下：
MINDFUL
of the need to
revise and bring up to date the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions
at Sea annexed to the Final Act
of the
International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea,
1960,
HAVING
CONSIDERED
those Regulations in the
light of developments
since they were
approved,
HAVE AGREED as
follows:
第
I
条
一般义务
本公约各缔约国保证实施构
成本公约所附
1972
年国际海上避碰规
则（以下简称
“
本规则
”
）的各项条款及其他附录。
第
II
条
签署、批准、接受、核准和加入
1.
本公约保持开放到
1973
年
6
月
1
日为止供签署，
此后继续开放供
加入。
2.
联合国或其任何专门机构或国际原子能机构的会员国，或国际法
院规约的当事方，可按照下列方式参加本公约：
Article I
General
obligations
The Parties to
the present Convention undertake to give effect to
the
Rules and other Annexes
constituting the International Regulations for
Preventing
Collisions
at
Sea,
1972,
(hereinafter
referred
to
as
Regulations
Article II
Signature, ratification, acceptance,
approval and accession
1.
The present Convention shall remain open for
signature until 1 June
1973 and shall
thereafter remain open for accession.
2. States Members of the United
Nations, or of any of the Specialized
Agencies, or the International Atomic
Energy Agency, or Parties to the
Statute of the International Court of
Justice may become Parties to
this
Convention by:
(a)
signature
without
reservation
as
to
ratification,
acceptance
or
approval;
(b) signature subject to ratification,
acceptance or approval followed
(b)
签署而有待批准、接受或核准，随后予以批准、接受或核准；或
by ratification, acceptance or
approval; or
(a)
签署并对批准、接受或核准无保留；
(c)
加入。
(c) accession.
3.
Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
shall be effected by
3.
批准、接受
、核准或加入须向政府间海事协商组织（以下简称
“
本
the
deposit
of
an
instrument
to
that
effect
with
the
Inter-Governmental
Maritime
Consultative
Organization
(hereinafter
组织
”
）交存相应的文件，方为有效。本组
织应将每一上述文件的交
referred to as
of
States that have signed or acceded to the present
Convention of the
存和交存日期通知已签署或已加入本公约的各国政府。
deposit of each instrument and of the
date of its deposit.
第
III
条
适用的领土
1.
联合国如系某一领土的管理当局，或任一缔约国如负责某一领土
Article
III
Territorial
application
1.
The
United
Nations
in
cases
where
they
are
the
administering
authority for a territory or any
Contracting Party responsible for the
international relations of a territory
may at any time by notification in
的国际关
系，
可随时以书面通知本组织秘书长
（以下简称
“
秘书长
”
）
，
writing
to
the
Secretary-General
of
the
Organization
(hereinafter
referred to as
将本公约扩大适用于该领土。
Convention to such a
territory.
2.
本公约应
自接到通知之日或通知中规定的其他日期起，扩大适用
2.
The
present
Convention
shall,
upon
the
date
of
receipt
of
the
于通知中所述领土。
notification
or
from
such
other
date
as
may
be
specified
in
the
notification, extend to
the territory named therein.
3
对根据本条第
1
款所作通知中所述
的任何领土，均可撤销扩大适
3.
Any
notification
made
in
accordance
with
paragraph
1
of
this
Article
may
be
withdrawn
in
respect
of
any
territory
mentioned
in
用，经一
年后或撤销时规定的更长期限后，本公约即不再适用于该
that
notification and the extension of this Convention
to that territory
shall cease to apply
after one year or such longer period as may be
specified at the time of the
withdrawal.
领土。
<
/p>
4.
秘书长应将根据本条所递交的任何扩大适用或撤销扩大适用的
通
4.
The Secretary-General
shall inform all Contracting Parties of the
notification
of
any
extension
or
withdrawal
of
any
extension
知，通知所有缔约国。
第
IV
条
生
效
communicated under this
Article.
Article
IV
Entry into
force
1.(a)
本公约应在至
少有
15
个国家参加本公约之日起
12
个月后生
1.
(a)
The present Convention shall enter into
force twelve months
after the date on
which at least 15 States, the aggregate of whose <
/p>
效，
该
15
国的
商船总和应不少于全世界
100
总吨及
100
总吨以上船
merchant fleets
constitutes not less than 65 per cent by number or
by
tonnage of the world fleet of
vessels of 100 gross tons and over have
become Parties to it, whichever is
achieved first.
舶的艘数或吨位的
65
％。以先达到者为准。
< br>(b)
尽管有本款
(a)
项的规
定，
本公约在
1976
年
1
月
1
日之前不应生
(b)
Notwithstanding
the
provisions
in
sub-paragraph
(a)
of
this
效。
paragraph, the
present Convention shall not enter into force
before 1
January 1976.
2.
对于在达到本条第
1
款
(a)
项所规定的条件之后而在本公约生效
< br>2. Entry into force for States which ratify, accept, approve or accede
to this
Convention in accordance with Article II after the
conditions
之前按照第
II
条规定批准。接受。核准或加入本公约的国家，应自
prescribed
in
sub-paragraph
1(a)
have
been
met
and
before
the
Convention enters into
force, shall be on the date of entry into force
of the Convention.
本公约生效之日起生效。
3.
对于在本公约生效之日以后批准、接受、核准或加入本公约的国
3.
Entry into force for States which ratify, accept,
approve or accede
家，应自按第
II
条规定交存文件之日起生效。
after
the date on which this Convention enters into
force, shall be on
the date of deposit
of an instrument in accordance with Article
II.
4.
After
the
date
of
entry
into
force
of
an
amendment
to
this
4.
在本公约修正案按照第
VI
条第
4
款规定生效之日后，任何批准、
Convention
in
accordance
with
paragraph
4
of
Article
VI,
any
ratification,
acceptance,
approval
or
accession
shall
apply
to
the
接受、核准或加入，都应适用修正后的公约。
Convention as amended.
5.
本公约生效之日，本规则即代替并废除
196
0
年国际海上避碰规
5. On the date of
entry into force of this Convention, the
Regulations
则。
replace
and
abrogate
the
International
Regulations
for
Preventing
Collisions at Sea, 1960.
6.
秘书长应将生效日期通知已签署或已加入本公约的各国政府。
第
V
条
修订会议
1.
本组织可以召开会议修订本公约或本规则，或修订二者。
6. The Secretary-General shall inform
the Governments of States that
have
signed or acceded to this Convention of the date
of its entry into
force.
Article V
Revision conference
1.
A
Conference
for
the
purpose
of
revising
this
Convention
or
the
Regulations or both may be convened by
the Organization.
for the
purpose of revising this Convention or the
Regulations or both
at the request of
not less than one-third of the Contracting
Parties.
Article
VI
Amendments to the
Regulations
1. Any amendment
to the Regulations proposed by a Contracting Party
shall be considered in the Organization
at the request of that Party.
2.
经不少于三分之一的缔约国请求，本组织应召开缔约国会议，以
2. The Organization shall convene a Conference
of Contracting Parties
修订本公约或本规则，或修订二者。
第
VI
条
本规则的修正
1.
< br>任一缔约国对本规则所提的任何修正案，经其请求后，应在本组
织中予以审议。<
/p>
2.
如该修正案经出席本组织海上安全
委员会并投票的三分之二多数
2. If adopted by a two-
thirds majority of those present and voting in
the Maritime Safety Committee of the
Organization, such amendment
通过，则至少应在本组
织大会对之审议前
6
个月将其通知所有缔约
shall be communicated to all Contracting Parties and Members of the
Organization
at
least
six
months
prior
to
its
consideration
by
the
国和本组织会员。在大
会审议该修正案时，非本组织会员的任何缔
Assembly of the
Organization.
Any Contracting Party
which is
not
a
Member of the Organization shall be
entitled to participate when the
amendment is considered by the
Assembly.
约国均有权参加。
3.
如该修正案经出席大会并投票的三分之二多数通过，秘书长应将
3. If
adopted by a two-third majority of those present
and voting in
其通知所有缔约国以供接受。
the
Assembly,
the
amendment
shall
be
communicated
by
the
Secretary-
General to all Contracting Parties for their
acceptance.
4.
Such
an
amendment
shall
enter
into
force
on
a
date
to
be
4.
该项修正案应在大会通过时所决定的日期生效，除非在大会所同
determined by the Assembly at the time of
its adoption unless, by a
prior date
determined by the Assembly at the same time, more
than
one-third of the Contracting
Parties notify the Organization of their
objection to the amendment.
Determination by the Assembly of the
dates referred to in this paragraph
shall be by a two-thirds majority of
反对
该修正案。本款所指经大会决定的两个日期，应由到会并投票
those
present and voting.
时确定的一个较早
日期之前，有三分之一以上的缔约国通知本组织
的三分之二多数通过。
< br>
5.
任何修正案一经生效后，对于未曾对修正案提出反
对的所有缔约
5.
On
entry
into
force
any
amendment
shall,
for
all
Contracting
国，即应取代并废止该修正案所涉及的任何原有的规定。
Parties
which
have
not
objected
to
the
amendment,
replace
and
supersede any previous provision to
which the amendment refers.
6.
秘书长应将按本条所作的任何请求和通知以及修正案的生效日
6.
The
Secretary-General
shall
inform
all
Contracting
Parties
and
期，通知所有缔约国和本组织会员。
第
VII
条
退
出
Members of the Organization of any
request and communication under
this
Article and the date on which any amendment enters
into force.
Article
VII
Denunciation
1. The present Convention may be
denounced by a Contracting Party
1.
任何缔约国，在本公约对其生效满五年后，可随时退出本公约。
at any time after the expiry of five
years from the date on which the
Convention entered into force for that
Party.
2. Denunciation shall
be effected by the deposit of an instrument with <
/p>
2.
退出本公约应向本组织交存相应的文件。秘书长应将所收到的
退
the
Organization.
The
Secretary-General
shall
inform
all
other
Contracting Parties of
the receipt of the instrument of denunciation
出文件及该文件的交存日期通知所有其他缔约国。
and of the date of its
deposit.
3. A denunciation
shall take effect one year, or such longer period
as
3.
退出应在交存文件一年后或该文件中规定的更长期限
后生效。
may be specified in the
instrument, after its deposit.
第
VIII
条
保管和登记
1.
本公约与本规则应交存本组织保管。秘书长应将核证无误的副本
分送所有已签署或已
加入本公约的各国政府。
Article
VIII
Deposit and
registration
1. The present
Convention and the Regulations shall be deposited
with
the Organization, and the
Secretary-General shall transmit certified
true copies thereof to all Governments
of States that have signed this
Convention or acceded to it.
2.
当本公约生效时，秘书长应按照联合国宪章第
102
条的规定，将
该文本送联合国秘书处登记并公
布。
第
LX
条
文
字
2. When the present Convention enters
into force, the text shall be
transmitted by the Secretary-General to
the Secretariat of the United
Nations
for registration and publication in accordance
with Article 102
of the Charter of the
United Nations.
Article
IX
Languages
The present Convention is established,
together with the Regulations,
in a
single copy in the English and French languages,
both texts being
本公约连同本规则用英文和法文写成单一文本，两
种文本具有同等
equally
authentic.
Official
translations
in
the
Russian
and
Spanish
languages shall be prepared and
deposited with the signed original.
效力。
应备有俄文和西班牙文的正式译本，
与签署的原本一并存放。
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF
the undersigned being duly
authorized by their
下列具名的经各国政府正式授权的代表，<
/p>
特签署本公约，
以昭信守。
respec
tive
Governments
for
that
purpose
have
signed
the
present
Convention.
1972
年
10
月
20
日订于伦敦。
DONE AT
LONDON
this twentieth day of October
one thousand nine
hundred and seventy-
two.
一九七二年国际海上避碰规则
第一章
总则
第一条
适用范围
１．本规则各条适用于在公
海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切
水域中的一切船舶。
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR
PREVENTING
COLLISIONS AT SEA,
1972
PART A
GENERAL
Rule
1
Application
(a) These Rules shall apply to all
vessels upon the high seas and in all
waters connected therewith navigable by
seagoing vessels.
(b)
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the
operation of special
２．本规则各条不妨碍有关主管机关为连
接公海而可供海船航行的
rules
made
by
an
appropriate
authority
for
roadsteads,
harbours,
rivers,
lakes or inland
waterways connected with the high
seas
and
任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的
实施。这种特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则各条。
３．本规则各条，不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的
navigable
by
seagoing
vessels.
Such
special
rules
shall
conform
as
closely as possible to these
Rules.
(c)
Nothing in
these Rules
shall
interfere with
the operation
of
any
special rules made by
the Government of any State with respect to
关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或笛号，或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所
addit
ional station or signal lights or whistle signals
for ships of war and
vessels proceeding
under convoy, or with respect to additional
station
制定的关于额外的队形灯或信号灯的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额
or signal lights for fishing vessels
engaged in fishing as a fleet. These
additional
station
or
signal
lights
or
whistle
signals
shall,
so
far
as
外的队形灯、信号灯或
笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条
possible, be such
that they cannot be mistaken for any light or
signal
authorized elsewhere under these
Rules.
文所规定的任何号灯或信号。
４．为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
(d) Traffic separation schemes may be
adopted by the Organization
for the
purpose of these Rules.
a
vessel of special construction or purpose cannot
comply fully with
the
provisions
of
any
of
these
Rules
with
respect
to
the
number,
position, range or arc of visibility of
lights or shapes, as well as to the
disposition and characteristics of
sound-signalling appliances, without
interfering with the special function
of the vessel, such vessel shall
comply
with such other provisions in regard to the
number, position,
range
or
arc
of
visibility
of
lights
or
shapes,
as
well
as
to
the
disposition and characteristics of
sound-signalling appliances, as her
Government
shall
have
determined
to
be
the
closest
possible
compliance with these Rules in respect
to that vessel.
Rule
2
Responsibility
(a) Nothing in these Rules shall
exonerate any vessel, or the owner,
master
or
crew
thereof,
from
the
consequences
of
any
neglect
to
５．凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如须完全遵
(
e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have
determined that
守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位臵、能
见距离或弧度
以及声号设备的配臵和特性的规定，就不能影响其特殊功能时，则
应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位臵、能见距离或弧度以及声
号设备
的配臵和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则所要求
的规定。
第二条
责任
１．本规则各条不免除任何船
舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于对遵
守本规则各条的任何疏忽，或者对海员通常做法或当
时特殊情况可
能要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。
comply
with
these
Rules
or
of
the
neglect
of
any
precaution
which
may be required by the
ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special
circumstances of the case.
２
．在解释和遵行本规则各条规定时，应适当考虑到，为避免紧迫
(b) In
construing and complying with these Rules due
regard shall be
had
to
all
dangers
of
navigation
and
collision
and
to
any
special
危险而须背
离本规则各条规定的一切航行和碰撞的危险，以及任何
circumstances,
including the limitations of the vessels involved,
which
may make a departure from these
Rules necessary to avoid immediate
danger.
特殊情况，其中包括当事船舶条件限制在内。
第三条
一般定义
除其他条文另有解释外，在本规则中：
Rule 3 General definitions
For the purpose of these Rules, except
where the context otherwise
requires:
including non-displacement craft and
seaplanes,
used or capable of
being used as a means of transportation
on water.
(b)
The
term
vessel
means
any
vessel
propelled
by
machinery.
(c) The term
propelling machinery, if fitted, is not
being used.
１．
“
船舶
”
一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水船筏，
(a)
The
word
includes
every
description
of
water
craft,
包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。
２．<
/p>
“
机动船
”
一词
，指用机器推进的任何船舶。
３．
“
帆船
”
一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，包括
装有推进机器而不在使
用者。
４．<
/p>
“
从事捕鱼的船舶
”
一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其
(d) The term
nets,
lines,
trawls
or
other
fishing
apparatus
which
restrict
操纵
性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或
manoeuvrabil
ity,
but
does
not
include
a
vessel
fishing
with
trolling
lines or other
fishing apparatus which do not restrict
manoeuvrability.
其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
５．
“
水上飞机
”
一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
(e) The word
on the water.
(f)
The
term
not
under
command
means
a
vessel
which
through
some
exceptional
circumstance
is
unable
to
manoeuvre
as
required by these Rules and is
therefore unable to keep out of the way
则各条的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
of another vessel.
(g) The
term
７．
“
操纵能力受到限制的
船舶
”
一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本
vessel which from the nature of her work is
restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre
as required by these Rules and is therefore unable
to keep
规则要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
out of the way of another vessel.
６．
“
失去控制的船舶
”
一词，指由于某种异常的情况，不能按本规
下列船舶应作为操纵能力
受到限制的船舶：
The
following vessels shall be regarded as vessels
restricted in their
ability to
manoeuvre:
mark, submarine cable or
pipeline;
（１）从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志
、海底电缆或管道的船舶；
(i)
a
vessel
engaged
in
laying,
servicing
or
picking
up
a
navigation
（２）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；
（３）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；
（４）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；
（５）从事扫雷作业的船舶；
（６
）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖船
偏离所驶航向的能力严重受
到限制者。
８．
“
< br>限于吃水的船舶
”
一词，指由于吃水与可用水深的关系，
致使
其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。
９．
“
在航
”
一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
１０
．船舶的
“
长度
”
和
“
宽度
”
是指其总长度和最大宽度。
(ii) a vessel
engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater
operations;
(iii)
a
vessel
engaged
in
replenishment
or
transferring
persons,
provisions or cargo
while underway;
(iv) a
vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of
aircraft;
(v) a vessel
engaged in minesweeping operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing
operation such as renders her unable
to
deviate from her course.
(h)
The
term
constrained
by
her
draught
means
a
power-driven vessel which
because of her draught in relation to the
available depth of water is severely
restricted in her ability to deviate
from the course she is following.
(i) The word
fast to the
shore, or aground.
(j) The
words
and greatest breadth.
１１．只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见
中。
< br>
(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be
in sight of one another only when
one
can be observed visually from the other.
１２．
“
能见度不良
”
一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙
(l)
The
term
visibility
means
any
condition
in
which
暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。
第二章
驾驶和航行规则
第一节
船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
第四条
适用范围
本节各条适用于任何能见度的情况。
第五条
了望
visibility
is
restricted
by
fog,
mist,
falling
snow,
heavy
rainstorms,
sandstorms or any other similar causes.
PART B
STEERING
AND SAILING RULES
SECTION I
- CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF
VISIBILITY
Rule 4
Application
Rules
in this Section apply in any condition of
visibility.
Rule 5
Look-out
Every
vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-
out by sight and
每一船舶应经常用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和
情况下一切有效
hearing as well as by all
available means appropriate in the prevailing
circumstances
and
conditions
so
as
to
make
a
full
appraisal
of
the
的手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充
分的估计。
situation and of the
risk of collision.
第六条
安全航速
每一船舶在任何时候应用安
全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的
避碰行动，并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内
把船停住。
在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
Rule 6
Safe
speed
Every vessel shall at
all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can
take
proper
and
effective
action
to
avoid
collision
and
be
stopped
within
a
distance
appropriate
to
the
prevailing
circumstances
and
conditions.
In
determining a safe speed the following factors
shall be among those
taken into
account:
１．对所有船舶：
（１）能见度情况；
（２）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；
(a) By all vessels:
(i) the state of visibility;
(ii)
the
traffic
density
including
concentrations
of
fishing
vessels
or
any other vessels;
(iii)
the
manoeuvrability
of
the
vessel
with
special
reference
to
（３）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋
回性能；
stopping distance and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
（４）夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反
向散射
；
（５）风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况；
（６）吃水与可用水深的关系。
２．对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还须考虑：
（１）雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；
（２）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；
（３）海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；
（４）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物胃探测不到
的可
能性；
（５）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位臵和动态；
（６）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度
(iv)
at night the presence of background light such as
from shore lights
or from back scatter
of her own lights;
(v)
the
state
of
wind,
sea
and
current,
and
the
proximity
of
navigational hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the
available depth of water.
(b)
Additionally, by vessels with operational
radar:
(i)
the
characteristics,
efficiency
and
limitations
of
the
radar
equipment;
(ii)
any constraints imposed by the radar range scale
in use;
(iii) the effect on radar
detection of the sea state, weather and other
sources of interference;
(iv) the possibility that small
vessels, ice and other floating objects
may not be detected by radar at an
adequate range;
(v) the
number, location and movement of vessels detected
by radar;
(vi) the more exact
assessment of the visibility that may be possible
when radar is used to determine the
range of vessels or other objects
作出更确切的估计。
第七条
碰撞危险
１．每一船舶应用适合当
时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存
在碰境危险，如有任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种
危险。
２．如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用
，包括远距
in the vicinity.
Rule
7
Risk of
collision
(a)
Every
vessel
shall
use
all
available
means
appropriate
to
the
prevailing
circumstances
and
conditions
to
determine
if
risk
of
collision
exists.
If
there
is
any
doubt
such
risk
shall
be
deemed
to
exist.
(b)
Proper
use
shall
be
made
of
radar
equipment
if
fitted
and
operational, including long-range
scanning to obtain early warning of
离扫瞄
，以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷
risk
of
collision
and
radar
plotting
or
equivalent
systematic
observation of detected objects.
达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。
３．
不应根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推
断。
４．在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
< br>
（１）如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危
险；
(c) Assumptions
shall not be made on the basis of scanty
information,
especially scanty radar
information.
(d)
In
determining
if
risk
of
collision
exists
the
following
considerations
shall be among those taken into account:
(i)
such
risk
shall
be
deemed
to
exist
if
the
compass
bearing
of
an
approaching vessel does not appreciably
change,
（２）即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能
存在这种危险，特别是
(ii) such risks may sometimes
exist even when an appreciable bearing
change is evident, particularly when
approaching a very large vessel
在驶近一艘很大
的船舶或拖带船组时，或是在近距离驶近他船时。
or a
tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
第八条
避免碰撞的行动
１．为避免砬撞所
采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极地，
Rule 8
Action to avoid collision
(a) Any action taken to avoid collision
shall, if the circumstances of
the case
admit, be positive, made in ample time and with
due regard
并应及早地进行和注意运用良好的船艺。
< br>２．为避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境
to the
observance of good seamanship.
(b) Any alteration of course and/or
speed to avoid collision shall, if
the
circumstances of the case admit, be large enough
to be readily
许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到
；应避免
apparent to another vessel
observing visually or by radar; a succession
of small alterations of course and/or
speed should be avoided.
对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变动。
(c) lf there is sufficient sea room,
alteration of course alone may be
the
most effective action to avoid a close-quarters
situation provided
that is made in good
time, is substantial and does not result in
another
动，
倘若这种行动是及时的，
大幅度的并且不致造成另一紧迫局面。
close-
quarters situation.
(d) Action taken to
avoid collision with another vessel shall be such
as
４．为避免与船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。
to result in passing at a safe distance. The
effectiveness of the action
shall
be
carefully
checked
until
the
other
vessel
is
finally
past
and
应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
clear.
３．如有足够的水域，则单用转向可能是避免紧
迫局面的最有效行
５．如须避免碰撞或须留有更多时间来估计局面，船舶应当减速或
(e)
If
necessary
to
avoid
collision
or
allow
more
time
to
assess
the
者停止或倒转推进器把船停住。
第九条
狭水道
situation,
a
vessel
shall
slacken
her
speed
or
take
all
way
off
by
stopping or reversing her means of
propulsion.
Rule 9
Narrow channels
１
．船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近本船
(a)
A
vessel
proceeding
along
the
course
of
a
narrow
channel
or
右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。
fairway shall keep as near to the outer
limit of the channel or fairway
which
lies on her starboard side as is safe and
practicable.
２．帆船或者长度小于２０米的
船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航
(b) A vessel of less
than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall
not
道以内安全航行的船舶通行。
３．从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行
impede
the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate
only within a
narrow channel or
fairway.
(c)
A vessel
engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of
any
other vessel navigating within a
narrow channel or fairway.
的船舶通行。
４．船舶不应穿越狭水
道或航道，如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种
(d) A vessel shall
not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such
crossing
impedes the passage of a
vessel which can safely navigate only within
水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀
such
channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the
sound signal
prescribed in Rule 34(d)
if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing
vessel.
疑时，可以使用第三十四条第４款所规定的声号。
５．
（１）在狭水道或航道内，如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允
许安全通过才能追越时，则企图追越的船，应鸣放第三十四条第３
(e
) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when
overtaking can take place
only if the
vessel to be overtaken has to take action to
permit safe
款（１）项所规定的相应声号，以表示本船的意图。被迫越船
如果
passing, the vessel intending to
overtake shall indicate her intention
by
sounding
the
appropriate
signal
prescribed
in
Rule
34(c)(i).
The
同意，应呜放第三十四条３款（２）项所规定的相应声
号，并采取
vessel to be overtaken shall, if
in agreement, sound the appropriate
signal
prescribed
in
Rule
34(c)(ii)
and
take
steps
to
permit
safe
使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑，则可以鸣放第三十四条第４款
p
assing. If in doubt she may sound the signals
prescribed in Rule 34(d).
所规定的声号。
（２）本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
６．船舶在驶近可能被居间障碍物遮蔽他船的狭水道或航道的弯头
(i
i) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking
vessel of her obligation
under Rule 13
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area
of a narrow channel or fairway
where
other vessels
may be obscured by an
intervening obstruction
或地段时，应特别机警和谨慎地驾
驶，并应鸣放第三十四条５款所
shall navigate with
particular alertness and caution and shall sound
the appropriate signal prescribed in
Rule 34(e).
规定的相应声号。
７．任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
第十条
分道通航制
(g)
Any
vessel
shall,
if
the
circumstances
of
the
case
admit,
avoid
anchoring in a narrow
channel
Rule 10
Traffic separation schemes
１．本条适用于本组织所采纳的各分道通航制。
２．使用分道通航制区域的船舶应：
（１）在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶；
（２）尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带；
(a)
This
Rule
applies
to
traffic
separation
schemes
adopted
by
the
Organization.
(b) A vessel using a traffic separation
scheme shall:
(i) proceed
in the appropriate traffic lane in the general
direction of
traffic flow for that
lane;
(ii)
so
far
as
practicable
keep
clear
of
a
traffic
separation
line
or
separation zone;
lane, but when joining or leaving from
the side shall do so at as small
an
angle to the general direction of traffic flow as
practicable.
（３）通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出，但从分道的一侧
驶进或
(iii)
normally
join
or
leave
a
traffic
lane
at
the
termination
of
the
驶出时应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。
３．船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越时，应尽可
c)
A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid
crossing traffic lanes, but if
能与分道的船舶总流向成直角穿越。
obliged to do so shall cross as nearly
as practicable at right angles to
the
general direction of traffic flow.
４．
凡可安全使用邻近分道通航制区域中相应通航分道的过境航行，<
/p>
(d) Inshore traffic zones shall not
normally be used by through traffic
通常不应使用沿岸通航带。
５．除
穿越船外，船舶通常不应进入分隔带或穿越分隔线，除非：
（１）紧急情况下避免紧迫危险；
（２）在分隔带内从事捕鱼。
６．船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时，应特别谨慎。
７．船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊。
８．不使用分道通航制区域的船舶，应尽可能远离该区。
which can safely use the appropriate
traffic lane within the adjacent
traffic separation scheme.
(e) A vessel, other than a crossing
vessel, shall not normally enter a
separation zone or cross a separation
line except:
(i) in cases of emergency
to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a
separation zone.
(f)
A
vessel
navigating
in
areas
near
the
terminations
of
traffic
separation schemes shall do so with
particular caution.
(g)
A
vessel
shall
so
far
as
practicable
avoid
anchoring
in
a
traffic
separation scheme or
in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic
separation scheme shall avoid it by as
wide a margin as is practicable.
９．
从事捕鱼的船舶，
不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任
何船舶的通行。
(i)
A
vessel
engaged
in
fishing
shall
not
impede
the
passage
of
any
vessel following a traffic
lane.
impede the safe
passage of a power-driven vessel following a
traffic
lane.
SECTION II -
CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER
Rule 11
Application
Rules
in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one
another.
Rule 12
Sailing vessels
１
０．帆船或长度小于２０米的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的
(j) A
vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a
sailing vessel shall not
机动船的安全通行。
第二节
船舶在互见中的行动规则
第十一条
适用范围
本节各条适用于互见中的船舶。
第十二条
帆船
１．两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成
碰撞危险时，其中一船应按下列规
(a)
When
two
sailing
vessels
are
approaching
one
another,
so
as
to
定给他船让路：
involve risk of collision, one of them
shall keep out of the way of the
other
as follows:
(i) when each has the wind
on a different side, the vessel which has
（１）两船在不同舷受风时，左舷受风的船应给他船让路；
the wind on the port side shall keep
out of the way of the other;
(ii) when both have the wind on the
same side, the vessel which is to
（２）两船在同舷受风时，上风船应给下风船让路；
windward shall keep out of the way of
the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii)
if
a
vessel
with
the
wind
on
the
port
side
sees
a
vessel
to
（３）如左舷受
风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷
windward
and
cannot
determine
with
certainty
whether
the
other
vessel
has
the
wind
on
the
port
or on
the starboard
side,
she
shall
受风还是右舷受风，则应给该船让路。
keep out of the way of the other.
２．就本条规定而言，船舶的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷
(b)
For the purposes of this Rule the windward side
shall be deemed to
be the side opposite
to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in
the
的对面舷侧；对于帆船，由应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面
case of a square-rigged vessel, the side
opposite to that on which the
largest
fore-and-aft sail is carried.
舷侧。
第十三条
追越
Rule
13
Overtaking
１．不论本节各条规定如何，任何船舶在追越任何他船时，均应给
(a
)
Notwithstanding
anything
contained
in
the
Rules
of
this
Section
被追越船让路。
any vessel overtaking any other shall
keep out of the way of the vessel
being
overtaken.
２．一船正从他船正横后大于２２．
５度的某一方向赶上他船时，
(b) A vessel shall be
deemed to be overtaking when coming up with
another
vessel
from
a
direction
more
than
22.5
degrees
abaft
her
即该船对其所追越的船所处位臵，在夜间只能看见被追越船的尾灯
beam, that is, in such a position with reference
to the vessel she is
overtaking, that
at night she would be able to see only the
sternlight
of that vessel but neither
of her sidelights.
而不能看见它的任一舷灯时，应认为是在追越中。
３．当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时，该船应假定是在追
越，并应
采取相应的行动。
４．随后两船间方位的任何改变，都不应把
追越船作为规则各条含
(c)
When
a
vessel
is
in
any
doubt
as
to
whether
she
is
overtaking
another, she shall assume that this is
the case and act accordingly.
(d) Any
subsequent alteration of the bearing between the
two vessels
shall
not
make
the
overtaking
vessel
a
crossing
vessel
within
the
义中所指的交
叉船，或者免除其让开被追越船的责任，直到最后驶
meaning of these
Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear
of
the overtaken vessel until she is
finally past and clear.
过让清为止。
第十四条
对遇局面
Rule
14
Head-on
situation
(a)
When
two
power-
driven
vessels
are
meeting
on
reciprocal
or
１．当
两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇致有构成碰撞
nearly
reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of
collision each shall
alter her course
to starboard so that each shall pass on the port
side of
危险时，各应向右转向，从而各从他船的左舷驶过。
the other.
(b)
Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a
vessel sees the
２．当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方，并在夜
间，能看见他
other ahead or nearly ahead and
by night she could see the masthead
lights of the other in a line or nearly
in a line and/or both sidelights
船的前后桅灯
成一直线或接近一直线，和（或）两盏舷灯；在日间，
and by day she
observes the corresponding aspect of the other
vessel.
看到他船的上述相应形态时，则应认为存在这样的局面。
３．当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时，该船应假定确实
存
在这种局面，并应采取相应的行动。
第十五条
交叉相遇局面
当两艘机动船交叉相遇
致有构成碰撞危险时，有他船在本船右舷的
(c) When a vessel is
in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists
she shall assume that it does exist and
act accordingly.
Rule 15
Crossing situation
When two power-driven vessels are
crossing so as to involve risk of
collision,
the vessel which
has the other on her own starboard side
shall keep out of the way and shall, if
the circumstances of the case
船舶应给他船让路，
如当时环境许可，还应避免横越他船的前方。
admit,
avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
第十六条
让路船的行动
Rule
16
Action by give-way
vessel
须给他船让路的船舶，应尽可能及早采取大幅度
的行动，宽裕地让
Every vessel which is directed
by these Rules to keep out of the way of
清他船。
第十七条
直航船的行动
１．
< br>（１）两船中的一船应给另一船让路时，另一船应保持航向和航
速。
（２）然而，当保持航向和航速的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没
another
vessel
shall,
so
far
as
possible,
take
early
and
substantial
action to keep
well clear.
Rule
17
Action by stand-on
vessel
(a) (i) Where by any
of these Rules one of two vessels is to keep out
of
the way the other shall keep her
course and speed.
(ii) The latter
vessel may however take action to avoid collision
by her
manoeuvre
alone,
as
soon
as
it
becomes
apparent
to
her
that
the
有遵照本规则各条
采取行动时，该船即可独自采取操纵行动，以避
vessel required to
keep out of the way is not taking appropriate
action
in compliance with these Rules.
免碰撞。
２．当规定保持航向和航
速的船，发觉本船不论由于何种原因逼近
(b) When, from any
cause, the vessel required to keep her course and
speed finds herself so close that
collision cannot be avoided by the
到单凭让
路船的行动不能避免碰撞时，也应采取最有助于避碰的行
动。
３．在交叉相遇局面下，机动船按照本条１款（２）项采取行动以
action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall
take such action as will
best aid to
avoid collision.
(c) A
power-driven vessel which takes action in a
crossing situation in
accordance with
sub-paragraph (a)(ii)
of this Rule to
avoid collision
避免与另一艘机动船碰撞时，如当时环境许可，不应
对在本船左舷
with
another
power-driven
vessel
shall,
if
the
circumstances
of
the
case admit, not alter
course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
的船采取向左转向。
４．本条并不解除让路船的让路义务。
第十八条
船舶之间的责任
除第九、十和十三条另有规定外：
１．机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
（１）失去控制的船舶；
（２）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；
（３）从事捕鱼的船舶；
（４）帆船。
２．帆船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
（１）失去控制的船舶；
（２）操纵能力受到限制的船舶。
(d) This Rule does not relieve the
give-way vessel of her obligation to
keep out of the way.
Rule
18
Responsibilities between
vessels
Except where Rules
9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:
(a) A
power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the
way of:
(i) a vessel not
under command;
(ii) a
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) a vessel engaged in
fishing;
(iv) a sailing
vessel.
(b) A sailing
vessel underway shall keep out of the way
of:
(i) a vessel not under
command;
(ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
（３）从事捕鱼的船舶。
３．从事捕鱼的船舶在航时，应尽可能给下述船舶让路：
（１）失去控制的船舶；
（２）操纵能力受到限制的船舶。
４
．
（１）除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶外，任何船
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when
underway shall, so far as possible,
keep out of the way:
(i) a vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability
to manoeuvre.
(d) (i) Any vessel other
than a vessel not under command or a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
shall, if the circumstances of
舶，如当时环境许
可，应避免妨碍显示第二十八条信号的限于吃水
the
case
admit,
avoid
impeding
the
safe
passage
of
a
vessel
constrained by her
draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.
的船舶的安全通行。
(ii) A
vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate
with particular
caution having full
regard to her special condition.
(e) A
seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well
clear of all
５．在水面的水上飞机，通常应宽裕地让清所有的船舶并避
免妨碍
vessels
and
avoid
impeding
their
navigation.
In
circumstances,
however,
where
risk
of
collision
exists,
she
shall
comply
with
the <
/p>
其航行。然而在有碰撞危险的情况下，则应遵守本章各条的规定。
Rules of this Part.
（２）
限于吃水的船舶应充分注意到其特殊条件，
特别谨慎地驾驶。
第三节
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
第十九条
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
１．
本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附近航行时相互看不
见的船舶。
SECTION III - CONDUCT OF VESSELS
IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
Rule
19
Conduct of vessels in
restricted visibility
(a)
This
Rule
applies
to
vessels
not
in
sight
of
one
another
when
navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility.
(b)
Every
vessel
shall
proceed
at
a
safe
speed
adapted
to
the
２．每一船舶应以适应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情况的安全
p
revailing
circumstances
and
conditions
of
restricted
visibility.
A
power-driven
vessel
shall
have
her
engines
ready
for
immediate
航速行驶，机动船应将机器作好随时操纵的准备。
manoeuvre.