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第四章
常用词汇以及表达方式的翻译(一)
本章教学目标:掌握常用法律英语词汇以及表达方式的基本译法。
课堂讲练:
一、概述
范例:
1
、
“
as
hereinbefore defined
”
,
“
如上所规定”
例句:
Where
no
agreement
can
be
reached
through
consultation,
the
matters
in
dispute
arising
out
of
or
in
connection
with
this
Contract
shall
be
referred to arbitration as hereinbefore
defined.
2
、
“
subject
to
“
,
”根据
---
的规定“,
”在不抵触
---<
/p>
情况下“。
(
其本
意为
”
governed by or dependent
on
”
: The plan is subject to
his approval)
例句:
Subject
to
this
section,
the
Buyer
shall
take
the
delivery
of
the
Goods
subject
to
such
conditions
and
terms
as
are
prescribed
in
the
Delivery
Note issued by the
Seller and shall be deemed to have accepted such
Goods upon
countersignature by the
Buyer of said Delivery Note.
法律英语中的常用词汇
以及表达方式只是经常出现在法律文本当中。
由于法
律解释以及
翻译中存在译名同一律的原则
(前已述,
即保持同一术语表达同
一概念,
为同一性,
法律文本中的同一
概念用同一个术语来表达,
是为一致
性)
,而且长期商贸实践,使得一些合同以及其他法律文本在表达方式上有
格式化倾向,所
以,总结归纳出常用表达方式相对固定、合理的译法,有助
于提高翻译效率与准确度。<
/p>
二、有关“
OTHERWISE
“的翻译
1
、
p>
“
OTHERWISE
“本义。
2
、在法律英语中,
“
OTHERWISE
“的使用方式通常是:
1
)
、置于
由“
UNLESS
”
引导的让步状语从
句之后。
此种情况,一般汉译为“除
---
另有
---
外
”或“
---
另有
---
的除外”
例
1
p>
、
1
)
、
Unless otherwise prescribed herein, the
manager of the pledged Goods
shall
neither use or operate or permit such use or
operation of said
pledged Goods, nor
remove or transport or permit such removal or
transportation thereof by a third
party.
2
p>
)
、
Unless
the
law
provides
otherwise,
the
seller
has
the
obligation
to
guarantee that no third party shall
claim rights against the buyer over
the
target matter delivered.
类似表达还有:
”
unless
otherwise agreed in writing between the parties
hereto
”
;
“
unless
otherwise
arranged
”
;
”
unless
in
any
law
it
is
otherwise provided
”
(注意其使用了典型被动语态)
.
p>
2
)
、与“
OR<
/p>
”连用,放在其后
此种情况,
“
OTHERWISE
“的语法作用与”
OR
“之前的一样,翻译成
“其他
---
”
,
具体要取决于其前面的结构
。
p>
例
2
、
1
)
、
If
two
or
more
persons
are
defendants
to
a
claim,
as
partners
or
otherwise, a process may be served on
any of them.
2
p>
)
、
With out the
prior written consent of Party B, any act of the
manager
of
the
pledged
property
by
removal,
transportation,
or
display
of
the
pledged
property
outside
the
stipulated
storage
facility
or
otherwise
resulting
in
the
pledged
property
being
out
of
the
stipulated
storage
facility shall be deemed as a breach of
this Collateral Management.
3
)
p>
、与“
THAN
”连用,构成“
OTHERWISE THAN
”结构
此种情况下,该结构作用相当于“
U
NLESS
”
,一般而言,这个结构通常
用在否定句中。
例
3
、
p>
1
)
、
No
Contract or any part hereof shall be revoked
otherwise than ---
(a)
by another Contract executed in
accordance with section 5
(b)
------
参考译文:合同或其任何部分均不得撤消,除非
(a)
凭籍依第
5
条签立的另一份合同而撤消
---
2) No will or
any part hereof, which is in any manner revoked,
shall not
be
revived
other
than
by
the
re-execution
hereof
in
accordance
with
section 5.
参考译文:
合同的全部或者任何部分,
无论以任何方式撤消后,
除
非按照第
5
条重新签立
/
签署,否则该合同的全部或任何部分均不
能恢复效力。
p>
从上述例子可以看出,
“
OTHERWISE
THAN
”的意思等同于“
by
other
means than
”或“
unl
ess
”
,通常情况下译成“除
---
以外”
,或“除
非“。
二、
、
< br>“
SUBJECT TO
“
<
/p>
1
、该词在普通英语中的含义(作形容词时的用法)
2
、在法律英语中,
“<
/p>
subject to
”主要作为形容词用法使用,常常与“
p>
agreement
”
、
< br>“
section
(条)
”
p>
、
“
chapter
(章)
”等法律文件名称或法律条款连用,中心意
思是“取决
于
--
,受制于
---
,受
---
约束”
,但具体译
法则可以因地制宜,灵活
处理。
例<
/p>
5
、
1
)
、
Subject to this section ,an
repossession of the Pledged Property by the Seller
from
the
Dealer
shall
be
subject
to
such
conditions
as
are
prescribed
by
the
Pledge Agreement.
2
)
Any
subsidiary
ordinance
shall
be
subject
to
the
approval
of
the
Legislative Council.
3
)
p>
、
Quantity shall
be
subject
to
a variation
of 5% plus
or minus
at
Seller
’
s
option.
小结:
“
SUBJECT
TO
”
围绕
其中心意思,在翻译时不拘一格,可以有多种
译法,可以是:
“
以
—
为条件”
,
“在—的规限下”
,
“在不抵触—的情况下“,
”
“根据—规定”等,也可以不译,只要能将意义表达清楚即可。
三、
“
WITHOUT
PREJUDICE TO
“
p>
1
、
“
preju
dice
”
2
”
WITHOUT PREJUDICE
TO
”
该表达方式通常跟法律条款连用,与“
SUBJECT
TO
“类似,但
WITHOUT
PREJUDICE TO
”
,
指“在不妨碍
---
的前提下”
,
在不影响
---
的情况下“
”在不损
害
---
的原则或条件下“等等,没有“
SUBJECT TO
“强制意义强。
例
6
、
p>
1
)
、
Witho
ut prejudice to section 24, the following
Agreement shall be treated
as properly
executed
—
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