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国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释
L
–
N
Terms
Definitions
术语
注释
L
Laden
Loaded aboard a vessel
装满一艘船
Laden draft
Lading
Landbridge
Landed cost
Landing certificate
Landing gear
Lashing
The darft when vessel is laden
满载吃水
.
船舶装载货物后的吃水
Lading refers to the
freight shipped; the contents
of a
shipment
Lading
装载的货物。表示已装船的货物、货物的内容
Landbrige is movement of
cargo by water or land
from one country
through the port or point of
another
country, thence, using rail or truck, to an
inland point in that country or to a
third country.
As example, a through
movement of Asian cargo
to Europe
across North America
大陆桥运输，
陆桥运输。
大陆桥运输是通过陆上或水上将
货物从一个国家运到另一个国家的港口或陆地点，
再从那
里
用卡车或火车运达那个国家的内陆点或运到第三国。
举
例说，<
/p>
亚洲货物通过北美运输到欧洲的运输过程
（就是大
陆桥运输）
。
Landed
Cost ,The total cost of a goods to a
buyer
,
including the cost of
transportation.
到岸价格（包括运费）
。到
岸价格是买方要为货物支付的，
包括运输费用的购买货物的总费用
Landing Certificate issued by consular
officials of
some importing countries
at the point or place of
export when
the subject goods are exported
under
bond.
进口证书。
(
免税
)
进口证书，
是由
进口国领事官员在出口
国产地，货物监管出口时签发的证书
Landing
Gear
, A support fixed on the front part
of
a chassis (which is retractable);
used to support
the front end of a
chassis when the tractor has
been
removed.
(
集装箱
)
拖架前支撑脚，
固定在拖架前部
（可收回的）
支
撑脚，用于在拖车离开时支撑拖架。
Refers to:
Support for cargoes inside a container
or a cargo hold to ensure that they are
secured
and will not be subject to
rolling during the
voyage from origin
to destination
捆扎，
加固。指：对集装箱内或船舱内的货物（进行）支
撑（捆扎）
，
确保在从起运地到目的地的航程（运程）中
不会滚动，安全完好
Late-Come
Late-Come, It is a term used in the
liner industry
when extensions are
being given to the shippers
against the
official CY or CFS Closing date and
time which carriers publish to the
trade.
同意推迟装船
（通知）
，
< br>同意推迟进场，
是班轮行业在同
意发货人晚于集装箱码头
或堆场截止
（进场）
日和承运人
公布的
截载日期货物进场（装船）的术语
Latitude
The distance north or south
of the equator
measured and expressed
in degrees.
纬度，北距或南距赤道的距离，用度数表示
Layday/cancelling date
First layday last
cancelling date
(LAYCAN)
船舶受载期与解约日
Laytime
Time at Charterers disposal
for purpose of
loading/discharging.
装
/
卸时间（装卸作业时间）
，由租船人掌握（船东、承运
人同意的）装
/
卸时间。
Lead time
The total time that elapses
between an order
’
s
placement and its receipt. It includes
the time
required for order
transmittal, order processing,
order
preparation and transit
(
生产
)
订
单时间。
从订单下达到收到订单货物的总时间，
包括订单传递、
订单处理、订单准备
(
生产
)
和运输时
Leeward
The direction
away from the wind. Opposite of
windward.
逆风方向，反风向。逆风方向
(
航行
)
，逆风航行
Leeway
The sideways movement of the ship
caused by
either wind or current
偏向，偏向航行。由于风或洋流造成的偏航
Less than a full container load
＝
less than
container load
LCL. A general
reference for identifying cargo in
any
quantity intended for carriage in a
container
,
where the Carrier
is responsible for packing
and/or
unpacking the container
. For
operational
purposes a LCL container is
considered a
container in which
multiple consign.
集装箱拼箱（货）
。<
/p>
LCL
货是欲以任意数量装集装箱运输
货
物的区别性统称，
LCL
货的承运人负责装箱和
/
或拆箱。
为了操作
（方便）
LCL
的多票托运货物作为一个整集装箱
货物委托运输
Less-than-
carload(lot)
＝
LTL: less than truck load
零担货，低于车辆运载量的货物
Letter of credit
L/C. A written undertaking
by a bank (issuing
Letter of
indemnity
Licenses
Lien
LIFO.
bank) given to the seller (beneficiary)
at the
request, and on the instructions
of the buyer
(applicant) to pay at
sight or at a determinable
future date
up to a stated sum of money, within a
prescribed time limit and against
stipulated
documents.
信用证，信用状。信用证是应要求，按买方（申请人）指
示由一家银行（开
证行）开给卖方（受益人）
，保证见票
或在将来规定的日期，<
/p>
按规定期限凭规定单据支付规定金
额款项的书面保证
Letter of Indemmity,
Document in which one
Party undertakes
to compensate and protect
another from
liability for the performance and for
the costs and consequences of carrying
out a
certain act. The issue of a
letter of indemnity is
sometimes used
in order to allow consignee to
take
delivery of goods without surrendering
Original Bill of Lading which has been
delayed or
become lost.
保函，认
赔书，赔偿保证书。保函，是一方（当事人）向
另一方（当事人）就执行某一行为（可能
产生）的责任、
损失和结果保证承担赔偿和保护责任的文件。由于提单迟
到或丢失，这种保函有时用于收货人无正本提单提货
Some government require certain
commodities to
be licensed prior to
exportation or importation.
Clauses
attesting to compliance are often
required on the B/L
执照，许可证。一些国家要求某些货物必须在进
/
出口
前
申请许可。
（有些）提单背面条款也有要求注明（注明是
许可证下的进出口货物）
。
Lien is a legal claim upon
goods or other property
for the
satisfaction of some debt or duty.
留置（货物或财产，如船舶）
。留置是（法律允许的合同
一方对另一方）
对货物或其他财产的债务或义务索赔的行
为
Transport
condition denoting that the freight rate
is inclusive of the sea carriage and
the cost of
loading, the latter as per
the custom of the port.
It excludes the
cost of discharging.
LIFO
是一种
表明包含了装货费用的海运运费条件
（条款）
，
装货费是根据港口习惯（计算）
，运费中不包含卸货费用。
Lighter
An open or covered barge towed by a
tugboat and
used mainly in harbors and
inland waterways to
carry cargo to/from
alongside a vessel.
驳船。
一种由拖轮拖带，
主要用于港内和内
河航道，
从
（大
型、远洋）船舶边运<
/p>
/
送货物的驳船
Lighter aboard ship
A specially constructed
vessel equipped with an
Lighterage
Lightening
Line-haul
Liner
Liner Service
Liquidated damages
Lloyd
’
s registry
overhead crane for lifting specially
designed
barges and stowing them into
cellular slots in an
athwrtship
position.
载驳母船，驳船运输船，
子母船。
载驳母船，
一种配备了
把特别设计的驳船装入子母船栅隔起重设备的特种船舶
Refers to the carriage of cargoes by
lighter and
the charge assessed
therefore.
驳运费。指驳船运输费用和由此产生的其他费用
Lightening refers to: A vessel
discharges part of
its cargo at anchor
into a lighter to reduce the
vessel
’
s draft so
it can then get alongside a pier
.
减载，
是指：
船舶将它的部分货物在锚地卸入驳船以减少
吃水，使船舶能靠泊（卸货）
Transportation from
one city to another as
differentiated
from local switching service
班车运输。有别于本地运输的，从一个城市到另一个城
市的运输
Vessel/Aircraft plying a regular
trade/defined
route against a published
sailing schedule.
班机，班船
/
轮。
班轮
/
班机，
按发布的航行时间表执行定
期、定点的贸
易航线的船舶
/
飞机
Vessels operating on fixed itineraries
or regular
schedules and established
rates available to all
shippers. The
freight rates which are charged are
based on the shipping
company
’
s tariff or if the
company is a member of a liner
conference, the
tariff of that
conference
班轮服务，
班轮航线
< br>/
运输。
在固定的航线或常规的班期内
< br>经营船舶，制定供所有发货人使用的运费率的运输服务形
式。运费收取根据班轮公
司的费率表或者是
－
如果班轮
公司是班轮公会会员
－
班轮公会的费
Liquidated Damages, The penalty a
seller must
pay if the construction
project does not meet
contractual
standards or deadlines.
违约赔偿，
损害赔偿。
卖方必须承担因建造项目未能按合
同标准或时限要求完成的处罚。
An
organization maintained for the surveying and
classing of ships so that insurance
underwriters
and others may know the
quality and condition of
the vessels
offered for insurance or employment
劳埃德船级社进行船舶检验和定级的组织，
< br>（过他们的检
验）以便船舶的（保险）承保人或其它租（雇）用人能了
解船舶的质量和状况。
Load factor
Percentage of
loaded cargo (or container) or
Load ratio
Loadready
Local cargo
Locking bar
Log Book (or engine log)
Longitude
Longshoreman
Loop
passengers against total
capacity of vessel
(container) or
allocation.
e.g. 4,000 tons
carried on a vessel of 10,000 capacity
has a load
factor of 40%
装载比率，船舶装载货物
(
集装箱
)
或乘客占船舶总装载
< br>能力或舱位的百分比。例如：
1
万吨装载能力的船舶装<
/p>
载了
4
千吨的货物，其装载比率是
40
％。
The ratio of loaded miles to empty
miles.
重载率，装运比率。重载航程与空载航程的比率
ready for loading, ready to
load
已备妥，可装货；货已备妥，可装货
Cargo delivered to/from the carrier
where
origin/destination of the cargo
is in the local area.
当地货物，
在当地交接的货物。承运人在起运地
/
目的地
< br>当地交付或接收的货物
Locking Bar is a device that secures
container
doors at top and bottom.
(
集装箱门
)
锁扣，
是设在集装箱门顶部和底部保护
（集装
箱门的）装置
A record of courses or
operation. Also, a device
to measure
speed
航海日志
（机舱日志）
。
海上航行和操作的记录，
也是
航程的记录
Longitude, The distance in degrees east
or west
of the meridian at Greenwich,
England
经度，以度数表示东或西距格林威治子午线的距离
Workers employed in the terminals or
quays to
load and unload ships. They
are also known as
“
Stevedore
s
”
.
装
卸工人，
码头工人。
被雇用在码头或
货
场装卸船舶的工人，也称“
Stevedores
”
A particular service of any
Consortium or Carrier
among various
ports of calls, with the objective of
creating a niche in the market for the
first port of
discharge.
航线（回路、圈）
。运输联盟或承运人在众多挂靠港中的
特殊运输航线，
以在
（航运）市场上挣得首挂港地
位（即
具竞争优势的航行顺序安排）
Low-Bed (also: Low-Boy)
A
trailor or semi-trailer with no sides and with the
floor of the unit close to the ground.
低平板
（拖）车。一种没有围板、车底板接近地面的拖
车或拖架
Lumpsum Freight
Money paid to Carrier for a
charter of a ship (or
portion) up to
stated limit irrespectice of quantity
of cargo
包干运费，包运费。为租用船舶（或部分舱位）按规定的
Malpractice
Manifest
Marine insurance
标准付给承运人的运费，它不关货物量（的多少）
M
Malpractice, A carrier giving a
customer illegal
preference to attract
cargo. This can take the
form of a
money refund (rebate);using lower
figures than actual for the assessment
of
freight charges (undercubing);
misdeclaration
of the commodity shipped
to allow the
assessment of a lower
tariff rate; waiving
published tariff
charges for demurrage, CFS
handling or
equalization; providing specialized
equipment to a shipper to the detriment
of
other shippers, etc.
（承运人
）违规揽货行为。违规揽货（载）
，承运人以给
予客户非法的优
惠揽取货物
（货载）
的行为。
可用金钱
回扣；低估（报）运（输）费；瞒报货类以降低运价等
级；不计
滞期费、
CFS
操作费或修箱费；为发货人提
< br>供特殊箱源以破坏其他发货人（的利益）
，等等。
Manifest, a document that
lists in detail all the
bills of lading
issued by a carrier or its agent or
master for special voyage, i.e., a
detailed
summary of the total cargoes
or containers
loaded in a vessel. Used
principally for customs
purposes. It is
also called summary of Bill of
Lading
舱单，
列
名了由承运人或其代理或船长为特定航次签发
的提单项下
（货物等）的详细情况的单据，例如：
船上
装载的货物或集装箱的详细情况。
主要用于通关。
它也
被称为：提单摘要
Marine Insurance, Broadly, insurance
covering
loss or damage of goods at
sea. Marine insurance
typically
compensates the owner of merchandise
for losses sustained from fire,
shipwreck, piracy
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